Denna studie har haft som avsikt att undersöka begreppet räckvidds roll i en reklamkampanjprocess, samt i vilken utsträckning relationen till begreppen effekt och påverkan är relevanta för att nå denna förståelse. Det har tillämpats en begreppshistorisk analys för att kartlägga räckvidds historiska betydelser parallellt med effekt och påverkan. Därefter har kvalitativ empiri från intervjuer med aktörer från branschen studerats i ett sammanhang med syfte att nå en djupare förståelse för hur deras olika tolkningar av räckvidd har resulterat i dagens olika betydelser. Resultatet visar på begreppet räckvidds skilda innebörder som är beroende på situation och att det som aktör finns en viktig poäng i att vara medveten om dess skilda innebörder i olika sammanhang. / The purpose of the following study is to investigate and analyze the significance of the concept of reach in advertising. Furthermore whether its relationship with effect and influence can contribute to further understanding of the concept. Firstly the concept of reach has been analyzed in a historical context. Together with the concepts of effect and influence, its historical meaning has been investigated and presented. Secondly, several interviews with actors in advertising have been conducted. The main purpose of the interviews has been to hear from those in the trade to understand what their views are of reach, and how they interpret its importance. The information gathered in the interviews shed light on how the advertising community has shaped the discourse of the subject. Additionally, the interviews have enabled an analysis of the evolution of today’s different meanings of the concept of reach. The results indicate that the different meanings of the concept of reach are dependent on the surrounding circumstances of advertisement. Furthermore, as a result it becomes evident that as an actor in the world of advertisement one can benefit from understanding its different interpretations.

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This work dela with basic principles of eco-design including its valuation

The implementation of an energy recovery system for retreiving otherways wasted energy is an effective method for reducing the overall energy consumption of a mobile machine. In a fork lift, there are two subsystems that can be effectively modified for recovering energy. These are the driveline and the lift/lower function of the mast. This study focuses on the latter by studying a recovery system whose main component is a hydraulic transformer consisting of a hydraulic motor, a variable displacement pump and an induction motor. Since the flow rate/pressure - ratio can be modified, the utilization of the hydraulic transformer enables downsizing of the accumulator volume. However, the decrease of the gas volume leads to an increase in the compression ratio of the accumulator, which in terms leads to higher gas temperatures after charging and consequently to higher thermal losses during holding phase. In order to reduce these losses, a thermally regenerative unit was implemented to the gas volume of an accumulator to reduce the temperature build up during charging. In this study, the effect of improving the thermal characteristics of the accumulator to the efficiency of the whole energy recovery system is investigated by means of measurements.

This presentation will describe an evidence-based approach to professional development that will help deliver strong knowledge content and make changes in classroom practices. During this session, participants will discuss strategies they use to extend the impact of their PD on classroom practices; as well as help create and assess new strategies.

Antalet miljödirektiv fortsätter att öka och de befintliga kompletteras regelbundet med nya krav och regler. ÅF har tillsammans med industrin och dess leverantörer utvecklat ett verktyg, ÅF PRS, för att handskas med de problem direktiven skapar för företagen. Syftet med detta arbete var att identifiera företags nuvarande processer för hantering av direktiven REACH, RoHS och ErP och föreslå förbättringar av PRS i linje med det som identifierats. 10 företag valdes ut baserat på omsättning och antalet anställda. Ett krav var att de skulle vara verksamma på den svenska marknaden. Bland företagen återfanns både sådana verksamma inom industrin och detaljhandeln. Metoden som valdes för arbetet var kvalitativa intervjuer av ansvariga inom miljöområdet. PRS, Product Regulatory Support, är ett webbaserat verktyg för företag att samla in information från sina leverantörer. Det hjälper företagen genom att automatisera insamlingen av information och möjliggör för företagen att snabbt få överblick om dess produkter är compliant – uppfyller lagar och regler. Studien visade att företag inom detaljhandeln kommit längre i sitt arbete med complaince än de inom industrin. Detaljhandelsföretagen menade att de kommit långt i sitt arbete och att de flesta av de produkter de sålde uppfyllde de olika direktiven. Bland industriföretagen var processen att implementera miljöarbetet i organisationen mycket olika långt gånget. Det fanns exempel på dem som precis startat men även ett som ansåg sig ha full information om alla sina inköpta artiklar. Analysen av det insamlade materialet visade tydligt att ÅF PRS fyller ett syfte på marknaden. Intervjuerna visade dock att verktyget kunde utvecklas ytterligare för att bemöta de olika företagens behov och företagsstrukturer.

In the spring of 2015 this study began and it had the goal of answering questions regarding the importance of consumer engagement for a VOD service provider, the TV4-group.  The goal was to get answers to guide them in the building of a new VOD service for the latter half of 2015. The questions were: what role does consumer engagement play in creating social media presence for a VOD provider? How do consumers behave surrounding social media engagement for VOD-service? And lastly: what effect does social media presence and consumer engagement have for a VOD provider?    To answer these questions two sets of quantitative methods were used. A survey answered by 970 individuals and a tracker put on the main VOD sites owned and run by the TV4-group gave insights that led to answering the questions. Consumer engagement plays a large role in expanding the reach of VOD services, in the case of the TV4-group it was shown that consumer engagement made up a reach gain equivalent to 55,7% of average TV4 Play views, 17,3% of average Facebook upload views and 172% of tv4.se views. Consumers also evaluated their own: usage, sharing habits and sharing types giving insight to their behaviour. The effects of all this stretches from more views as a result of reach to consumer loyalty making consumer engagement a cornerstone in planning a VOD providers social media strategy.

A descriptive and exploratory study of the counseling needs of mastectomy patients and how they are met, and of the Reach to Recovery program through the American Cancer Society as a way of meeting these needs. The author surveyed the professional literature and, briefly, some popular literature on the subject. In addition, a questionnaire was addressed to a group of Portland Reach to Recovery volunteers who served as a target population, one of whom was interviewed more fully.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18571号 / 工博第3932号 / 新制||工||1604(附属図書館) / 31471 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 教授 藤田 正治, 准教授 竹門 康弘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The European Union enacted a comprehensive reform of its chemical safety laws, the Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) in 2006. The EU rewrote the safety rules governing the chemical industry, the fifth largest manufacturing industry in the world in terms of revenue. After REACH, the EU’s rules became the most comprehensive and stringent in the world and at which point REACH became the de facto standard of compliance for international chemical companies and triggered de jure adjustments of the national laws of many of EU’s leading trading partners, including the US. The EU announced its “strategy” in 2001 with the twin aspirational goals of committing all member states to a high level of regulatory stringency and protecting Europe’s role as a major hub of the chemical industry and leader in science and innovation. The EU used this appeal to gain cooperation of key stakeholders, including industry, trade unions and international environmental NGOs. The EU divided responsibility for drafting and legislating REACH among Environment and Competitiveness directorates within the Commission and analogous groupings within Council and committees within Parliament to ensure that the intended balance between reform goals and economic priorities be maintained. The strategy featured an important international component and was expressed in the unprecedented way that the EU involved international stakeholders in its drafting process and the efforts of its diplomats to address concerns raised by trading partners, particularly in the Technical Barriers of Trade Committee of the WTO. This study will build on work of Anu Bradford, David Vogel and other institutionalist scholars to confirm that EU’s success in making its REACH regulation a template for reform of chemical safety laws was due in part to the large size of the EU Single Market and feedback loops based on the economics of product markets that Vogel and Bradford have focused on in building their theories of “leveling up.” The empirical findings of this work suggest that these authors have not given sufficient consideration to the political strategies followed by global regulatory innovators. In the case of REACH, the EU’s success was not assured as the reform sparked a great deal of political opposition which could have derailed the reform effort at various stages from conception through implementation. EU leadership pushed back on a US-led diplomatic campaign to prevent REACH from being enacted and led a campaign of persuasion in the WTO that was successful enough to buy enough to time to allow the law to take effect and REACH implementation programs to win acceptance by industry that REACH could serve as the de-facto standard of chemical safety compliance globally. Eventually REACH triggered a series of de-jure changes in law among leading trading partners towards increasing stringency and broader coverage, including in the US where Congress surprisingly passed a bi-partisan reform of its existing TSCA law in 2016. This study will incorporate into its theory of global regulatory politics an important place for the characteristic political strategy practiced by the main political movements that dominate the EU. This approach, which I call the Global Political Strategy approach, builds on Vogel, Bradford and institutionalist approaches but extends it in ways that may allow researchers to make better predictions about when attempts to shift global governance in important issue areas will succeed and when they will fail. According to this Global Political Strategy approach, EU has achieved governance success with REACH for four reasons. First, it has sufficient economic power expressed in the size of its home market for chemicals. Second, the EU can deploy the regulatory capacity needed to write and enforce REACH, with such capacity understood chiefly as the power to successfully establish a universal registration requirement and exclude products and services from its home market if they are not registered or if they are deemed unreasonably dangerous and excluded from the marketplace. Third. the markets for chemical products display characteristics that make exit from the European market costly for both European and International actors and encourages “trading up” to higher standards more generally (i.e. the markets exhibit “inelasticity” and “non-divisibility”). Finally, the EU deployed an effective political strategy that overcame international opposition to its preferred policies and discouraged rivals. This last element has not yet been sufficiently explored in previous studies of the case, and is an important gap filled by this work. Through its well-thought out and flexible political strategy, EU gained first-mover advantage in chemicals policy and thereby molded of the behavior of key actors to win international acceptance of its policy preferences despite strong international resistance led by the United States. Careful examination of REACH using the tools of process tracing sheds light on mechanisms that could lead to a better understanding of global governance and to more precise specification of boundary conditions under which assertions of state economic power over global markets succeed and when they do not. / Political Science