Orientador: Cláudio Salvadori Dedecca / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T00:38:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jungbluth_Adriana_M.pdf: 1862911 bytes, checksum: a90ae6fa842f0c4ca1c808d500945ea4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O salário mínimo é uma instituição do mercado de trabalho utilizada atualmente em parte expressiva dos países capitalistas, sejam eles desenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. Seu objetivo principal é estabelecer uma remuneração mínima aos trabalhadores de determinado setor de atividade ou a todos os trabalhadores de uma região ou país. Nas primeiras experiências de sua utilização, seu foco era restrito a setores de atividade específicos, com o passar dos anos, sua aplicação passou a ser para a economia como um todo, tornando-se uma política de extrema importância. No Brasil o salário mínimo foi instituído pelo governo Getúlio Vargas em 1940. De sua implantação até os dias atuais, ele passou por períodos longos de desvalorização. Apenas no período mais recente, a partir de 1995, ele voltou a desempenhar uma trajetória de recuperação, fundamental para recuperar seu poder de compra, que atualmente é inferior àquele no momento de sua criação, e para a distribuição de renda. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o período recente de valorização do salário mínimo e o papel que desempenha como ferramenta de valorização dos rendimentos do trabalho e de distribuição de renda. Para tanto, ele foi dividido em quatro seções, além da introdução e das considerações finais. O primeiro capítulo traz elementos da determinação salarial e da assimetria de poder de negociação para a discussão do salário mínimo. O segundo capítulo apresenta uma síntese da trajetória histórica da política de salário mínimo no mundo, desde sua instituição no final do século XIX, até os dias atuais. O terceiro capítulo apresenta o histórico dessa política no Brasil, de Vargas aos dias atuais. O quarto capítulo tem como foco o período recente de valorização do salário mínimo. Aborda a trajetória de valorização a partir de 1995 até 2008, analisa a dinâmica de valorização no mercado de trabalho e a questão da distribuição dos rendimentos do trabalho. Ademais, traça o perfil da população que recebe salário mínimo no país / Abstract: The minimum wage is an institution of the labour market used currently in expressive part of the capitalist countries, developed or in development. Its main objective is to establish a minimum remuneration to the workers of determined activity sector or to all the workers of a region or country. In the first experiences of its use, its focus was restricted the specific sectors of activity; passing of the years, its application started to be to the economy as a whole, becoming one politics of extreme importance. In Brazil the minimum wage was instituted by the Vargas government in 1940. From its implantation until the current days, it passed for long periods of depreciation. But in the most recent period, from 1995, it came back to play a recovery trajectory, basic to recoup its power of purchase, that currently is inferior to that one at the moment of its creation, and for the distribution of income. The objective of this study is to analyze the recent period of valuation of the minimum wage and the function that it plays as tool of valuation of the incomes of the work and of distribution of income. For in such a way, it was divided in four sections, beyond the introduction and of the final considerations. The first chapter brings elements of the wage determination and the asymmetry of being able of negotiation for the quarrel of the minimum wage. The second chapter presents a synthesis of the historical trajectory of the politics of minimum wage in the world, since its institution in the end of century XIX, until the current days. The third chapter presents the description of this politics in Brazil, of Vargas gives to them current. The fourth chapter focus the recent period of valuation of the minimum wage. It approaches the trajectory of valuation from 1995 up to 2008, analyzes the dynamics of valuation in the labor market and the question of the distribution of the incomes of the work. Moreover, it traces the profile of the population that receives minimum wage in the country / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

O objetivo do presente estudo à o de analisar os principais determinantes do salÃrio de reserva e da duraÃÃo do desemprego, utilizando como evidÃncia a base de dados da Pesquisa de PadrÃo de Vida do IBGE (1996-1997). Para tanto, duas metodologias economÃtricas sÃo utilizadas. Na anÃlise de salÃrio de reserva, estima-se uma equaÃÃo de salÃrios, cujo principal determinante utilizado à a duraÃÃo do desemprego. A estimaÃÃo utiliza mÃnimos quadrados em dois estÃgios para atenuar o viÃs de simultaneidade presente. Os resultados mostram que a duraÃÃo do desemprego afeta negativamente o salÃrio de reserva do trabalhador. Esse resultado està de acordo com a evidÃncia empÃrica internacional. Na anÃlise de duraÃÃo, estima-se a funÃÃo risco empÃrica a partir dos modelos de Risco Proporcional e Proporcional de Cox, com e sem heterogeneidade nÃo-observada. Os parÃmetros estimados possuem os sinais usuais, com exceÃÃo da dummy para sexo. O risco de sair do desemprego à monotonicamente crescente inicialmente, e, apÃs a inclusÃo de heterogeneidade nÃo observada, passa a apresentar um perfil nÃo-monotÃnico. Esses resultados oferecem uma perspectiva nova para tentar entender as mudanÃas ocorridas no mercado de trabalho brasileiro durante a dÃcada de 90. / The objective of this study is to analyze the main determinants of reservation wages and unemployment duration using as empirical evidence the PPV - Pesquisa de PadrÃo de Vida from IBGE (1996-1997). For this purpose, two econometric methodologies are used. For reservation wages, we estimate a traditional wage regression model whose main determinant used was unemployment duration. In order to attenuate simultaneity bias, two-stage regressions are used. The results show that unemployment duration negatively affects the workersâ reservation wages. This corroborates international evidence. Regarding the analysis of duration, we estimate proportional hazards models, with and without unobserved heterogeneity. The estimated parameters have the usual signals, except for the dummy for sex. The risk of leaving unemployment raises initially, and then, after including unobserved heterogeneity, shows a non-monotonic profile. These results offer a new perspective to try to understand the changes that have occurred in the Brazilian labor market during the 90âs.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da oferta e da demanda por trabalho qualificado sobre o diferencial de salários entre trabalhadores de elevada e baixa qualificação para o Brasil, durante o período de 1992 a 2009. Para tanto, foi utilizado um modelo microeconômico de oferta e demanda por trabalho qualificado, sendo que a qualificação é determinada pelos anos completos de escolaridade. Dessa maneira, foi constatada uma elevação do diferencial de salários entre o trabalho de elevada qualificação (com ensino superior) e baixa qualificação (com ensino médio ou ensino básico) no período de 1992 a 2001, que foi impulsionada pelo efeito da demanda por trabalho qualificado. Por sua vez, no período de 2002 a 2009, foi constatada uma pequena diminuição desse diferencial, determinada pela intensificação da oferta relativa de trabalho qualificado que ocorreu durante esse período. / The objective of this dissertation is to assess the impact of supply and demand for skills in the wage differentials between skilled and unskilled workers in Brazil, during 1992 and 2009. To do so, a microeconomic model of supply and demand for skill was used where a worker\'s skill is directly linked with its educational level. In this matter, a rise in the skill premium (wage differentials between college and less than college workers) was observed between 1992 and 2001, driven by the demand for skilled labor. Adversely, during 2002 and 2009, a slight decrease in the skill premium was observed which was driven by the intensification of the relative supply of skilled workers.

Orientador: Paulo Eduardo de Andrade Baltar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T02:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rukman_EnungYaniSuryani_M.pdf: 1705861 bytes, checksum: 371263f1945c2d1cc90248428e28ae7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A Indonésia é um país que tem heterogeneidade em vários aspectos da vida, incluindo seus recursos, tais como fatores geográficos, sociais e econômicos. O emprego na Indonésia é um desses fatores interessantes a serem explorados. O salário mínimo é uma questão muito fundamental no emprego. Na Indonésia, a questão do salário mínimo não é apenas econômica, mas também envolve as questões políticas contidas em leis trabalhistas. Este estudo explora o salário mínimo na Indonésia durante várias épocas políticas: antes de 1980, em 1998 e 2010. Devido às limitações dos dados, estudo usa os dados selecionados que satisfazem os fins da presente pesquisa. A Indonésia ainda não tem um sistema de salário mínimo nacional. As evidências deste estudo sugerem que existem diferentes salários mínimos para cada província. Os dados analisados neste estudo avaliam o salário mínimo de quatro províncias em cada uma das regiões Oeste e Leste, e cinco províncias da região central da Indonésia, representando treze províncias fora da Indonésia de trinta e três, onde, quando combinados, abrangem mais de setenta por cento do total população. Alguns empregadores alegam que a fixação anual dos salários mínimos nas provinciais pode limitar a contratação e reduzir a força de trabalho, prejudicando os níveis de produção. No entanto, os baixos salários impedem os trabalhadores de terem uma vida digna. O autor argumenta que a fixação do salário mínimo é necessária para respeitar a dignidade dos trabalhadores como seres humanos, conforme a UUD 1945, Constituição da República da Indonésia. A fixação do salário mínimo não é suficiente para resolver o problema dos salários em geral. É preciso melhorar o salário médio na Indonésia. A melhoria no salário médio deve aumentar a desigualdade salarial, caso não haja um aumento no salário mínimo. Então é necessária uma política para melhorar os salários e, simultaneamente, reduzir a desigualdade de renda. Uma possibilidade seria combinar a política de reajuste do salário mínimo com o fortalecimento dos sindicatos para negociar os salários para um conjunto mais amplo de trabalhadores e, assim, aumentar o salário médio / Abstract: Indonesia is a country that has heterogeneity in various aspects of life, including its resources, such as geographical, social, and economic factors. Employment in Indonesia is one of these interesting factors to be explored. The minimum wage is a very fundamental issue in employment. In Indonesia, the minimum wage issue is not only economic but also involves the political issues contained in employment laws. This study explores the minimum wage in Indonesia during several political eras: before 1980, in 1998, and 2010. Due to data limitations this study uses the selected data that satisfies the purposes of this research. Indonesia does not have a national minimum wage system yet. The evidence from this study suggests that different minimum wages exist in each province. The data examined in this study evaluates the minimum wages of four provinces in each of the West and East regions and five provinces of Central region of Indonesia, representing thirteen provinces out Indonesia¿s thirty-three, where, when combined, over seventy percent of the total population resides. Some employers allege that the yearly fixing of the provincial minimum wage forces them to limit hiring and reduce their workforce, hurting production levels. However, low wages prevent workers from having a dignified life. The author argues that fixing the minimum wage is necessary to respect the dignity of workers as human beings, as mandated by UUD 1945, the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The fixing minimum wage is not enough to solve the wages problem in general. It is need to improve the average wage in Indonesia. The improvement in the average wage should increase wage inequality, without an increase in the minimum wage. Then it is necessary a policy to improve wages and simultaneously reduce income inequality. One possibility would be to combine the policy of the minimum wage increase with the strengthening of unions to bargain wages for a broader set of workers and thus raise the average wage / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Orientador: Anselmo Luiz dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T21:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_DanieldeJesusAndrade_M.pdf: 1435070 bytes, checksum: 2d1e68db98be16e8935fa84e688b466f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A discussão sobre a criação de um salário mínimo em Cabo Verde deixou de ser um assunto de conversas informais, como acontecia na década de 90 e passou a fazer parte de um conjunto de assuntos prioritários da ordem do dia dos sindicatos. Os trabalhadores de baixa renda clamam por isso constantemente exigindo uma tomada de posição urgente por parte do Conselho de Concertação Social (CCS) que é o órgão competente em matéria de decisões que dizem respeito às questões laborais. Órgão tripartido, presidido pelo governo, o CCS tem já, em mãos, um dossier sobre as diversas propostas dos parceiros sociais relativamente ao tema. As negociações chegaram a um ponto crucial e os trabalhadores perguntam: "cria-se ou não se cria o salário mínimo em Cabo Verde?". Essa dissertação faz um percurso da evolução desse diálogo social, tomando como ponto de partida o ano do fim do regime de partido único, 1990, um ano após o Consenso de Washington que muitos autores consideram como o início formal da era neoliberal, porque ficaram estabelecidos, num documento oficial, internacionalmente aceite, os termos das políticas a serem implementadas pelos países signatários e demais seguidores desta nova ideologia. Essa discussão, tida em ambiente de capitalismo mundial, tem suscitado reações adversas, por um lado, dos mais cépticos em relação à implementação do SM em Cabo Verde e, animadoras, por outro, quando se trata de partidários dessa idéia / Abstract: The discussion about the creation of a minimum wage in Cape Verde is no longer an issue of informal talks, as happened in 90's and become part of a set of priorities of unions' agenda. The low-income workers insist in an urgent positioning by the Social Council Concertation (SCC), the responsible organ for the decisions in respect of labor issues. Being a tripartite organ, presided by the government, the SCC has already, at hands, a dossier about several proposals of the social partners relatively to the theme. The negotiations are in a crucial point and the workers ask: "will the minimum wage be created or not in Cape Verde?" This dissertation goes though evolution of this social dialogue, deporting from the year of the end of the single-party regime in 1990, a year after the Washington Consensus that is considered by several authors the formal beginning of new-liberal era. That is because the political terms to be implemented by the signatories and others that followed this ideology were established in an official internationally accepted document. This discussion that happened in an environment of global capitalism has caused adverse reactions from, on the one hand, the more skeptical about the implementation of a minimum wages in Cape Verde and encouraging on the other hand when it comes to supporters of this idea / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

This thesis focuses on the change proposal of employee evaluation and remuneration system in the selected company. The first part contains the general theory where job evaluation, employee evaluation, remuneration and motivation of employees are explained. Next part deals with the analysis of selected company, its employees, the competition and labour market. The last part proposes changes of employee evaluation and remuneration system, their benefits and costs.

The objective of this essay is to investigate how attitudes towards equality between men and women affect the gender wage gap. The essay studies how positive and negative attitudes on gender equality affects the gender income gap. This study investigates this by using data of the mean yearly incomes from 290 municipalities in Sweden during the years 2000-2008. Additionally, using a survey conducted by the SOM-institute at the Gothenburg university to measure attitudes towards gender equality. The results indicate that positive attitudes towards gender equality had a decreasing effect on the gender wage gap. A conclusion from this essay is that a more egalitarian attitude contributes to a decrease in the existing gender wage gap.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study investigates workers’ perceptions of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) practices on elections and living wage issues from a social movement perspective from the Apartheid (South Africa) and Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Zimbabwe) eras to 2009. The trade union social movement perspective refers to labour movements that develop a socio-political character, and concern themselves not only with workplace issues but with broad social and political issues. A study of COSATU and ZCTU practices in South Africa and Zimbabwe at this time in the field of social movements is consistent with current calls for a conceptual shift, away from looking for invariant causes and effects to looking for mechanisms and processes that occur in many different kinds of movements and that lead to different outcomes depending on the specific contexts within which they occur. The study draws insights from social movement unionsm theory to understand mechanisms and processes pursued by COSATU and ZCTU in seeking to influence policy outcomes. This study used a qualitative approach and a case study strategy. In the study, questionnaire and in-depth interview responses were drawn from COSATU secretariat, two affiliates, the South African Democratic Teachers Union (SADTU) and National Union of Mine Workers (NUM). Questionnaire and in-depth responses were also drawn from the ZCTU secretariat, two affiliates, the General Agriculture and Plantation Workers Union of Zimbabwe (GPWUZ) and the Zimbabwe Urban Municipal Workers Union (ZUMWU). The objective was to gain insights from a broad cross-section of union members – blue-collar workers, professionals, state or semi state institution workers and ordinarily low income farm workers. The study concludes that workers’ perceptions of the two labour social movements is that they can influence changes in the political system (through elections) as a means to securing living wages by engaging in five practices, namely, disruption mechanisms, public preference mechanisms, political access mechanisms, judicial mechanisms and international access mechanisms. However, while the study noted that workers perceive COSATU and ZCTU practices as essential in influencing elections and living wage issues, the popularity of the mechanisms was lower in Zimbabwe where workers often face persecution. In South Africa, utilisation of these practices is also affected by the less militant public sector affiliates and non- standard forms of work such as subcontracting, casualisation, informalisation, externalisation and the ballooning informal sector. Given these problems, social movement trade unionism remains a viable means of representing the interests of the working poor. Establishment of these challenges leads to areas of possible further research such as how the unions can effectively represent the unorganised workers of the informal sector. A broader research on the impact of the exponential growth of non-standard forms of work is also relevant at this time in the two countries.

Collective bargaining was impacted by the confrontation at Marakina and the role players, employers and unions were left looking for new creative alternatives to reward operational employees (blue collar workers).Then, finding a well-designed pay system is crucial for the success of the organisation, since collective bargaining is under pressure. The following determinants, job based pay, performance based pay, skills based pay, education and training, and tenure based pay were constructed from literature to formulate the conceptual model for the pay of operators in the manufacturing sector of Port Elizabeth. There are a number of factors that are at play in the determination and design of pay systems, which need to be considered. Two major pay systems are at the centre of this study and they are those based on the worth of the job and those that are based on employees’ skills, productivity, education and training, and tenure. Pay equity is at the heart of employment relationship and is the reference point with regard to the distribution of resources when economic productivity and profitability are achieved. The findings presented indicated that all the determinants, job based pay, performance based pay, skills based pay and education and training, with the exception of tenure based pay, were significant to the pay of operational employees. However, the multivariable regression model found that job based pay is more significant and should be modelled as the foundation of the pay system for operational employees. Other pay determinants, such as performance and skills based pay are best modelled as additional increments that accelerate employees’ pay.

Diploma thesis deals with the issue of payroll accounting. Payroll accounting is modulated by wide range of legislation. The main goal is to create a comprehensive picture of how wages are calculated and what changes in this area occurred in 2007 - 2009. The individual chapters are examples, which tries to introduce the method of calculating wages. In a separate chapter describes how to calculate wages in a particular company.