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This thesis is motivated by the need for autonomous agents on the Semantic Web to be able to learn The Semantic Web is an effort for extending the existing Web with machine understandable information, thus enabling intelligent agents to understand the content of web-pages and help users carrying out tasks online. For such autonomous personal agents working on a world wide Semantic Web we make two observations. Firstly, every user is different and the Semantic Web will never cater for them all - - therefore, it is crucial for an agent to be able to learn from the user and the world around it to provide a personalised view of the web. Secondly, due to the immense amounts of information available on the world wide Semantic Web an agent cannot read and process all available data. We argue that to deal with the information overload a goal-directed approach is needed; an agent must be able to reason about the external world, the internal state and the actions available and only carry out the actions that help activate the current goal. In the first part of this thesis we explore the application of two machine learning techniques to Semantic Web data. Firstly, we investigate the classification of Semantic Web resources, we discuss the issues of mapping Semantic Web format to an input representation suitable for a selection of well-known algorithms, and outline the requirements for these algorithms to work well in a Semantic Web context. Secondly, we consider the clustering of Semantic Web resources. Here we focus on the definition of the similarity between two resources, and how we can determine what part of a large Semantic Web graph is relevant to a single resource. In the second part of the thesis we describe our goal-directed learning agent Smeagol. We present explicit definitions of the classification and clustering techniques devised in the first part of the thesis, allowing Smeagol to use a planning approach to create plans of actions that may fulfil a given top-level goal. We also investigate different ways that Smeagol can dynamically replan when steps within the initial plan fail and show that Smeagol can offer plausible learned answers to a given query, even when no explicit correct answer exists.

La Brigada Canina de la Gerencia de Seguridad Ciudadana de la Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima es una unidad especializada que por medio de canes entrenados cumple distintas funciones según las necesidades identificadas por la Gerencia de Seguridad Ciudadana, así mismo cumple una función disuasiva frente al problema de la delincuencia en zonas críticas de Lima Metropolitana; para luego mediante la utilización adecuada de canes, mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos En la especialidad de seguridad destacan las razas: Rottweiler, Labrador, Dóberman, Pastor Alemán, entre otros con ellos se realizan operativos preventivos y acciones disuasivas, mientras que en las labores de detección de pirotécnicos contamos con dos ejemplares de la raza Labrador y Dóberman. Diariamente se realizan distintos tipos de actividades dentro de la brigada canina, entre ellas está la parte administrativa, en lo que se va a enfocar la tesis. En la mencionada área se gestiona una serie de documentación que guarda relación con el can, desde el ingreso de un guía canino, hasta las operaciones que el can realiza para la brigada canina, dentro ello está incluido la parte de salubridad del can que es la parte de veterinaria que se ve de forma general, para cumplir con sus normas y así ejecutar sus operaciones, para lo cual es necesario el cumplimiento de todas las cosas mencionadas anteriormente. En la elaboración de la aplicación web, se ha seguido una serie de pasos basados en una metodología especial que es el RUP, lo cual en la primera fase se realizó la recolección de toda la información posible brindada por la Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima y así poder establecer un acuerdo entre los interesados acerca de los objetivos del proyecto, luego se procedió a la elaboración, básicamente el objetivo de esta segunda fase era establecer la arquitectura base del sistema para proveer bases estables para el esfuerzo de diseño e implementación de la siguientes fases, luego se procedió a la construcción y finalmente a la transición que es la fase que se enfoca en asegurar que el software esté disponible para la Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Internet, as the online worldwide connection of computers has come to be known, has now grown to the point of emergence as a major tool in many applications. It will soon become, if it has not already become, an indispensable source of information and interaction for scientists and business people alike. The use of the Internet's various protocol's, including mail, newsreader, and file transfer, produces a global interconnectedness that is impossible to achieve in any other fashion. It is also important to realize that the Internet is currently doubling in size every year and will continue to grow at an extremely accelerated rate for at least the next five years. It is therefore important to be aware of the various applications made possible by use of the Internet, and of the potential for telemetry related uses.

<p> Social network use is often accompanied by a seductive allure that compels people to showcase themselves in the best light possible. This allure may theoretically be possible due to the concept of social comparison, a notion that is measured in part by the Facebook &ldquo;friend count,&rdquo; a numerical value representing the user&rsquo;s number of online friends in the Facebook community. As there is no known research measuring this effect on current states, to close this gap in the literature it is asserted here that a memorable loss of one of these friends can have negative consequences. This study attempted to gauge the effect of the loss of these friends, colloquially known as &ldquo;being unfriended.&rdquo; This piece posits that being unfriended will increase state shame and decrease state self-esteem. To that end, a quantitative, experimental study was employed using 41 male and female, college-enrolled participants from a Midwest junior college to determine vicissitudes to state shame and state self-esteem after being unfriended on Facebook. An independent measures t-test was used to compare group mean differences between those who could adequately remember being unfriended and those who had little to no recollection of a recent unfriending episode. Results of the statistical analysis revealed that participants in the treatment group had no statistically significant increase in shame or decrease in self-esteem than those in the control group. Additional research in this area is recommended to further investigate additional variables used in this study, overcome limitations, and to fully explore superfluous possibilities such as potential mediators.</p>

Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Comunicación Social / El autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento / Resulta sorprendente el vertiginoso crecimiento cuantitativo de sitios periodísticos que se incorporan a Internet en la actualidad, muchos de ellos con orígenes en otros medios de comunicación tales como la prensa escrita, la televisión y la radio. Sin embargo, y a pesar de su explosivo desarrollo, la novedad que aún representa la red y el conocimiento impreciso de sus características comunicacionales en ámbitos no especializados, ha repercutido en la aparición de sitios noticiosos que fallan al momento de acomodarse y capitalizar totalmente las particularidades de este medio. Si bien existen experiencias que demuestran un gran avance en este sentido, la gran mayoría se muestra vacilante en asumir el nuevo escenario que Internet implica. Con la mirada sobre esta situación, el objetivo que se plantea el presente estudio es evaluar el nivel de adecuación a Internet por parte de algunos espacios noticiosos presentes en la red, en función de analizar y explorar sus posibilidades de desarrollo a futuro. Para ello es imprescindible analizar e investigar las modalidades de la comunicación electrónica y las características que la sustentan: multimedialidad, hipertexto, sincronicidad elástica, interactividad e indeterminabilidad. Es importante señalar que, en la manera de observar el fenómeno comunicacional aquí presente, existe una marcada influencia de las concepciones difundidas por el intelectual canadiense, Marshall Mc. Luhan., por cuya escuela de pensamiento nos sentimos motivados. El siempre remarcó dos ideas que para nosotros han sido básicas en el análisis: primero, que cada medio tiene su propia forma de disponer y tratar los contenidos, así como de establecer sus comunicaciones; y segundo, que el surgimiento de un nuevo medio implica la integración en él de las tecnologías presentes en los medios anteriores. Hoy más que nunca las palabras de McLuhan cobran sentido. Hace veinte años el concepto de “Aldea Global” era una abstracción casi imposible de graficar. Es nuestra opinión, esta idea jamás hubiese tomado forma sin la unión de las telecomunicaciones con la informática. Esto dio pie a la construcción mundial de redes en toda su extensión hasta llegar a constituir una red de redes, la Internet. Y este será nuestro punto de partida.

The Data Web has undergone a tremendous growth period. It currently consists of more then 3300 publicly available knowledge bases describing millions of resources from various domains, such as life sciences, government or geography, with over 89 billion facts. In the same way, the Document Web grew to the state where approximately 4.55 billion websites exist, 300 million photos are uploaded on Facebook as well as 3.5 billion Google searches are performed on average every day. However, there is a gap between the Document Web and the Data Web, since for example knowledge bases available on the Data Web are most commonly extracted from structured or semi-structured sources, but the majority of information available on the Web is contained in unstructured sources such as news articles, blog post, photos, forum discussions, etc. As a result, data on the Data Web not only misses a significant fragment of information but also suffers from a lack of actuality since typical extraction methods are time-consuming and can only be carried out periodically. Furthermore, provenance information is rarely taken into consideration and therefore gets lost in the transformation process. In addition, users are accustomed to entering keyword queries to satisfy their information needs. With the availability of machine-readable knowledge bases, lay users could be empowered to issue more specific questions and get more precise answers. In this thesis, we address the problem of Relation Extraction, one of the key challenges pertaining to closing the gap between the Document Web and the Data Web by four means. First, we present a distant supervision approach that allows finding multilingual natural language representations of formal relations already contained in the Data Web. We use these natural language representations to find sentences on the Document Web that contain unseen instances of this relation between two entities. Second, we address the problem of data actuality by presenting a real-time data stream RDF extraction framework and utilize this framework to extract RDF from RSS news feeds. Third, we present a novel fact validation algorithm, based on natural language representations, able to not only verify or falsify a given triple, but also to find trustworthy sources for it on the Web and estimating a time scope in which the triple holds true. The features used by this algorithm to determine if a website is indeed trustworthy are used as provenance information and therewith help to create metadata for facts in the Data Web. Finally, we present a question answering system that uses the natural language representations to map natural language question to formal SPARQL queries, allowing lay users to make use of the large amounts of data available on the Data Web to satisfy their information need.

<p> This study applied the uses and gratifications theory to determine how audience motives for using niche social network sites compared with motives for using popular social network sites. An online survey presented a single sample (N=554) with items measuring motives for using the popular social network site Facebook alongside items measuring motives for using the niche social network site Ravelry for comparison.</p><p> The results demonstrate that there is a significant amount of overlap between the motives for Ravelry use and for Facebook use. The motives of relaxing entertainment, expressive information sharing, habitual pass time, social interaction, cool new technology, and professional advancement emerged during separate factor analyses of both the Ravelry and Facebook use motive scales. New friendships emerged only as a motive for Ravelry use. The results also showed the most salient motive for Facebook use was social interaction where the most salient motives for using Ravelry were relaxing entertainment and new friendships. The strongest motive for using Facebook related to relationships maintenance, which supports findings of past research. In contrast, Ravelry use motives show members are seeking new relationships through the niche social network site. Implications of the significant differences between motives for using the niche social network site and the popular social network site are discussed. Additional research is suggested to refine the current conceptual definition of social network site and to classify social network sites.</p>