The aim of this work is to study methods of handover used in WiMAX and WLAN networks, next suggest the posibility of simulation methods for WLAN handover in the simulation environment OPNET Modeler. This work is focused primarily on obtaining the information about neighboring AP and subsequent selection of a new AP using such information. The work describes in detail each processes solutions that are used to implement newscanning methods

Yes / In this paper two novel antennas, suitable for access and backhaul links, are designed, fabricated and tested for a Relay Station in a WiMAX wireless network. A single modi¯ed E-shaped patch antenna is described, presenting 10 dB gain over 12.4% bandwidth. This antenna element is used for the design of a 4 £ 4 planar array which provides experimental gain of 21.2 dB. The antenna system on the Relay Station operates at 3.4 GHz and includes one single antenna element for access link realization and an antenna array for the backhaul link realization. These antennas are installed in two con¯guration arrangements and tested in terms of their radiation performances and coupling e®ects. The simulated and measured results are quite satisfactory and in good agreement at which the maximum coupling between the access and backhaul antennas is found below ¡25 dB for all tested cases.

yes / This paper describes the characterization and design of energy efficient user terminal transceiver power amplifier. To reduce the design of bulky external circuitry, the load modulation technique is employed. The design core is based on the combination of Class B and Class C that includes quarter wavelength transformer at the output to perform the load modulation. The handset transceiver for this power amplifier is designed to operate over the frequency range of 3.4GHz to 3.6GHz mobile WiMAX band. The performances of the load modulation amplifier are compared with conventional Class B amplifier. The results of 30dBm output power and 53% power added efficiency are achieved.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriano Almeida Goes.pdf: 1890295 bytes, checksum: 24b4098cee62cc9c7d9d7e7d523ea3c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-30 / This work proposes a methodology for intelligent distribution of traffic between users and cells in a mobile network with adaptive modulation. In this dissertation a new method of handover to enable the proposal for load balancing traffic, serving as support for the planning and design of these networks. An example of this case is the IEEE802.16e adopted as a platform in this work. As developed a simulation platform that contains the requirements necessary to analyze and compare the current method of handover with the proposed method under different topologies. The results show a gain in the effective data rate of the cell 25% of the proposed method of handover for the current method of handover. Index: IEEE802.16e, Load Balance, Handover, mobile WiMAX / Este trabalho prop?e uma metodologia para distribui??o inteligente de usu?rios e tr?fego entre c?lulas de uma rede m?vel com modula??o adaptativa. Para isso foi proposto nesta disserta??o um m?todo de Handover que viabiliza a proposta de balanceamento de tr?fego servindo de apoio para o planejamento e dimensionamento destas redes, Como ? o caso da IEEE802.16e, plataforma utilizada neste trabalho. Foi desenvolvida uma plataforma de simula??o que cont?m os requisitos necess?rios para analisar e comparar o m?todo atual de Handover com o m?todo proposto sob topologias diferentes. Os resultados mostram um ganho efetivo na taxa de dados geral da c?lula de 25% do m?todo de Handover proposto em rela??o a m?todo de Handover atual.

Redes sem fio devem prover qualidade de serviço para aplicações de voz, video e dados. Um padrão definido para oferecer qualidade de serviço nessas redes é o documento IEEE 802.16. Com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de transmissão, este padrão utiliza dois principais mecanismos físicos: (i) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access como interface física e (ii) a possibilidade de ajustar a robustez da transmissão em relação as imperfeições físicas que podem comprometer a transmissão. Além disso, o padrão define um conjunto de componentes na estação base, tal como alocadores, escalonadores e controles de admissões que devem ser modelados para prover uma arquitetura que garanta qualidade de serviço. Entretanto, o padrão não define nem os algoritmos de cada componente, nem a integração entre estes componentes. Investigações objetivando prover qualidade de serviço tem sido propostas no contexto de redes IEEE 802.16. A literatura sobre redes IEEE 802.16 móveis mostra que as atuais pesquisas estão focadas em soluções específicas para cada componente, ou em soluções com integrações parciais. O foco destas soluções é prover a melhor alternativa para problemas individuais para um componente particular. Entretanto, em todos os estudos realizadas nesta tese, não encontrou-se nenhuma pesquisa endereçando propostas sobre a qualidade de serviço global considerando a diversidade dos requisitos de tráfegos das aplicações e as condições de propagação do canal de rádio frequência. Neste contexto, essa tese propõe uma nova arquitetura para garantir qualidade de serviço em uma estão base que deve ser modelada usando uma infraestrutura entre camada para adaptar-se aos requisitos dinâmicos do tráfego, bem como as condições do canal de rádio frequência. O objetivo é integrar os componentes definidos pelo padrão com os mecanismos físicos. Outro objetivo é analisar a arquitetura proposta, através de uma metodologia de avaliação que é baseada segundo a especificação do sistema de avaliação do fórum Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. Assim, a análise da nova arquitetura adaptativa entre camadas é realizada e os resultados mostram a eficiência na alocação dos dados, bem como o mínimo atraso e jitter gerado nas aplicações de tempo real. / Wireless networks must provide quality of service to voice, video and data applications. A standard defined to offer quality of service in these networks is the IEEE 802.16 document. In order to improve the quality of transmission, this standard uses two main physical mechanisms: (i) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access as physical interface and (ii) the possibility of adjusting the transmission robustness to face the physical impairments that may compromise the transmission. Moreover, the standard defines a set of components in the base station, such as allocators, schedulers, and connection admission controllers that must be modeled to provide an architecture that guarantees quality of service. However, the standard does not define either the algorithm running inside each one of the components nor the integration among them. Investigations aiming to provide quality of service have been proposed in the context of IEEE 802.16 networks. The literature on mobile IEEE 802.16 networks shows that the current research is focused on specific solutions for each component or in solutions with partial integration. The focus of those solutions is to provide the best alternative for individual problems of a particular component. However, to the best of our knowledge, no research addressing the overall quality of service architecture considering both the diversity of applications traffic requirements and the propagation conditions of the radio frequency channel has been proposed so far. In this context, this thesis proposes a new architecture to guarantee quality of service in the base station that must be modeled using a cross-layer infrastructure able to adapt to the dynamics of traffic requirements as well as to the radio frequency channel conditions. The aim is to integrate the components defined by the standard with the physical mechanisms. Another objective is to evaluate the proposed architecture, through an evaluation methodology that is defined following the specification of the system evaluation of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access forum. Therefore, the analysis on the new cross-layer adaptive architecture is performed and the results show efficient data allocation as well as a minimal delay and jitter for real-time applications.

遠距醫療的概念，就是基於信息和通信技術為基礎的醫學和健康服務，經過多年實踐，遠距醫療技術的進展和應用的程序雖未能符合當前醫療的需求。但在新興技術與新科技醫療器材(Medical Device)逐漸改變了傳統的醫學行為。尤其在全球微波互通存取及智慧醫療平台的架構下(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, WiMAX), 新興的行動遠距醫療進展已逐漸縮短醫生與病患的差距。遠距醫療在慢性阻塞性肺病的應用已廣泛的在歐洲及北美使用。不僅是超越地理障礙。更可改善病人治療成效與降低醫療及社會成本。台灣醫療資源的不平衡，過多的資源放在人口密集的城市，相對於偏鄉離島，則需付出更多的社會經濟成本，但卻獲得不足的照護。本研究是藉由高速寬帶的無線通信，將胸腔暨重症專科醫師的知識與經驗，協同當地的醫生與護士，執行對慢性阻塞性病患的遠距醫療照護，以達到病人可以在任何時間與任何地方都可獲得無縫式的醫療照護。本研究根據遠距醫療照護產業文獻，整理遠距醫療照護之應用，並深入分析急病個案醫療管理模式，期望提供未來有意進入遠距照護產業之業者或後續研究者參考。

Redes sem fio devem prover qualidade de serviço para aplicações de voz, video e dados. Um padrão definido para oferecer qualidade de serviço nessas redes é o documento IEEE 802.16. Com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de transmissão, este padrão utiliza dois principais mecanismos físicos: (i) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access como interface física e (ii) a possibilidade de ajustar a robustez da transmissão em relação as imperfeições físicas que podem comprometer a transmissão. Além disso, o padrão define um conjunto de componentes na estação base, tal como alocadores, escalonadores e controles de admissões que devem ser modelados para prover uma arquitetura que garanta qualidade de serviço. Entretanto, o padrão não define nem os algoritmos de cada componente, nem a integração entre estes componentes. Investigações objetivando prover qualidade de serviço tem sido propostas no contexto de redes IEEE 802.16. A literatura sobre redes IEEE 802.16 móveis mostra que as atuais pesquisas estão focadas em soluções específicas para cada componente, ou em soluções com integrações parciais. O foco destas soluções é prover a melhor alternativa para problemas individuais para um componente particular. Entretanto, em todos os estudos realizadas nesta tese, não encontrou-se nenhuma pesquisa endereçando propostas sobre a qualidade de serviço global considerando a diversidade dos requisitos de tráfegos das aplicações e as condições de propagação do canal de rádio frequência. Neste contexto, essa tese propõe uma nova arquitetura para garantir qualidade de serviço em uma estão base que deve ser modelada usando uma infraestrutura entre camada para adaptar-se aos requisitos dinâmicos do tráfego, bem como as condições do canal de rádio frequência. O objetivo é integrar os componentes definidos pelo padrão com os mecanismos físicos. Outro objetivo é analisar a arquitetura proposta, através de uma metodologia de avaliação que é baseada segundo a especificação do sistema de avaliação do fórum Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. Assim, a análise da nova arquitetura adaptativa entre camadas é realizada e os resultados mostram a eficiência na alocação dos dados, bem como o mínimo atraso e jitter gerado nas aplicações de tempo real. / Wireless networks must provide quality of service to voice, video and data applications. A standard defined to offer quality of service in these networks is the IEEE 802.16 document. In order to improve the quality of transmission, this standard uses two main physical mechanisms: (i) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access as physical interface and (ii) the possibility of adjusting the transmission robustness to face the physical impairments that may compromise the transmission. Moreover, the standard defines a set of components in the base station, such as allocators, schedulers, and connection admission controllers that must be modeled to provide an architecture that guarantees quality of service. However, the standard does not define either the algorithm running inside each one of the components nor the integration among them. Investigations aiming to provide quality of service have been proposed in the context of IEEE 802.16 networks. The literature on mobile IEEE 802.16 networks shows that the current research is focused on specific solutions for each component or in solutions with partial integration. The focus of those solutions is to provide the best alternative for individual problems of a particular component. However, to the best of our knowledge, no research addressing the overall quality of service architecture considering both the diversity of applications traffic requirements and the propagation conditions of the radio frequency channel has been proposed so far. In this context, this thesis proposes a new architecture to guarantee quality of service in the base station that must be modeled using a cross-layer infrastructure able to adapt to the dynamics of traffic requirements as well as to the radio frequency channel conditions. The aim is to integrate the components defined by the standard with the physical mechanisms. Another objective is to evaluate the proposed architecture, through an evaluation methodology that is defined following the specification of the system evaluation of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access forum. Therefore, the analysis on the new cross-layer adaptive architecture is performed and the results show efficient data allocation as well as a minimal delay and jitter for real-time applications.

Redes sem fio devem prover qualidade de serviço para aplicações de voz, video e dados. Um padrão definido para oferecer qualidade de serviço nessas redes é o documento IEEE 802.16. Com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de transmissão, este padrão utiliza dois principais mecanismos físicos: (i) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access como interface física e (ii) a possibilidade de ajustar a robustez da transmissão em relação as imperfeições físicas que podem comprometer a transmissão. Além disso, o padrão define um conjunto de componentes na estação base, tal como alocadores, escalonadores e controles de admissões que devem ser modelados para prover uma arquitetura que garanta qualidade de serviço. Entretanto, o padrão não define nem os algoritmos de cada componente, nem a integração entre estes componentes. Investigações objetivando prover qualidade de serviço tem sido propostas no contexto de redes IEEE 802.16. A literatura sobre redes IEEE 802.16 móveis mostra que as atuais pesquisas estão focadas em soluções específicas para cada componente, ou em soluções com integrações parciais. O foco destas soluções é prover a melhor alternativa para problemas individuais para um componente particular. Entretanto, em todos os estudos realizadas nesta tese, não encontrou-se nenhuma pesquisa endereçando propostas sobre a qualidade de serviço global considerando a diversidade dos requisitos de tráfegos das aplicações e as condições de propagação do canal de rádio frequência. Neste contexto, essa tese propõe uma nova arquitetura para garantir qualidade de serviço em uma estão base que deve ser modelada usando uma infraestrutura entre camada para adaptar-se aos requisitos dinâmicos do tráfego, bem como as condições do canal de rádio frequência. O objetivo é integrar os componentes definidos pelo padrão com os mecanismos físicos. Outro objetivo é analisar a arquitetura proposta, através de uma metodologia de avaliação que é baseada segundo a especificação do sistema de avaliação do fórum Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. Assim, a análise da nova arquitetura adaptativa entre camadas é realizada e os resultados mostram a eficiência na alocação dos dados, bem como o mínimo atraso e jitter gerado nas aplicações de tempo real. / Wireless networks must provide quality of service to voice, video and data applications. A standard defined to offer quality of service in these networks is the IEEE 802.16 document. In order to improve the quality of transmission, this standard uses two main physical mechanisms: (i) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access as physical interface and (ii) the possibility of adjusting the transmission robustness to face the physical impairments that may compromise the transmission. Moreover, the standard defines a set of components in the base station, such as allocators, schedulers, and connection admission controllers that must be modeled to provide an architecture that guarantees quality of service. However, the standard does not define either the algorithm running inside each one of the components nor the integration among them. Investigations aiming to provide quality of service have been proposed in the context of IEEE 802.16 networks. The literature on mobile IEEE 802.16 networks shows that the current research is focused on specific solutions for each component or in solutions with partial integration. The focus of those solutions is to provide the best alternative for individual problems of a particular component. However, to the best of our knowledge, no research addressing the overall quality of service architecture considering both the diversity of applications traffic requirements and the propagation conditions of the radio frequency channel has been proposed so far. In this context, this thesis proposes a new architecture to guarantee quality of service in the base station that must be modeled using a cross-layer infrastructure able to adapt to the dynamics of traffic requirements as well as to the radio frequency channel conditions. The aim is to integrate the components defined by the standard with the physical mechanisms. Another objective is to evaluate the proposed architecture, through an evaluation methodology that is defined following the specification of the system evaluation of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access forum. Therefore, the analysis on the new cross-layer adaptive architecture is performed and the results show efficient data allocation as well as a minimal delay and jitter for real-time applications.

Given the current developments and advances in the scientific and technological aspects of human knowledge and introducing new approaches in various fields of telecommunication technologies and industries, there has been an increasing growth in its players' plans and a positive change in their outlooks in order to achieve the target of "anywhere and anytime access". Recent developments of WiMAX (Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access) networks, as a sign of increasing needs and demands for new telecommunication services and capabilities, have led to revolutions in global telecommunication which should be perceived properly in terms of the commercial and technical aspects in order to enjoy the new opportunities. Most experts believe that WiMAX technology is a preliminary step to develop Fourth Generation networks known as 4G technologies. It has not only succeeded in the utilization of several of the latest telecommunication techniques in the form of unique practical standards, but also paved the way for the quantitative and qualitative developments of high-speed broadband access. IEEE 802.16 Standard introduces several advantages, and one of them is the support for Quality of Services (QoS) at the Media Access Control (MAC) level. For these purposes, the standard defines several scheduling classes at MAC layer to treat service flow in a different way, depending on QoS requirements. In this thesis, we have proposed a new QoS framework for Point-to-Multi Point (PMP) 802.16 systems operating in Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode over a WirelessMAN-OFDM physical layer. The proposed framework consists of a Call Admission Control (CAC) module and a scheduling scheme for the uplink traffic as well as a simple frame allocation scheme. The proposed CAC module interacts with the uplink scheduler status and it makes its decision based on the scheduler queue status; on the other hand, the proposed scheduling scheme for the uplink traffic aims to support realtime flows and adapts the frame-by-frame allocations to the current needs of the connections, with respect to the grants boundaries fixed by the CAC module. Extensive OPNET simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.

摘要 台灣產官學研自2005年起推動被稱為準4G（第四代行動通訊）的WiMAX技術，然而今日WiMAX不但未成為國際通用的4G技術，在台灣市場也無法做大。本文以「行動者網絡理論」作為主要分析工具，輔以「後進技術框架」為鉅觀視野，還原台灣推動WiMAX的行動歷程。透過檢閱期刊文獻、官方資料、媒體報導，以及訪談科技法人、營運商、官員、技術專家、使用者、環運人士，研究結果如下： 2005年在代工困境及PC產業成長趨緩的背景下，台灣產官學研持續尋求解套辦法。產官人士發現，技術專利有助於刺激產業升級，而通訊技術則能帶動硬體裝置銷售成長，市場潛力大。當時恰逢電機電子工程師學會（IEEE）正在研發WiMAX，有許多技術專利可供搶佔，加上IEEE對外較開放，因此轉譯了台灣產官人士的興趣，促使WiMAX技術網絡在台灣萌生。 然而受到傳統電信商不支持、執照分區及載具限制等因素影響，WiMAX在台灣的用戶數始終停滯不前。為了解決市場限制，營運商透過命名、訊號轉換及體驗行銷等方式，力圖擴大市場。本研究也發現，WiMAX在使用者與訊號轉換器的共同運作之下，多被用成解決Wi-Fi覆蓋死角的網路技術，而未被當成行動網路來使用。傳統電信業者所慣用的綁約機制，則是影響使用者選擇進用WiMAX的關鍵因素。 承接前述脈絡，本文發現台灣推動WiMAX乃後進技術國家追尋現代性的顯著案例，我國治理組織推動WiMAX的主要目的並非佈局4G，而是為了取得專利、帶動產業升級、刺激產業典範轉移。在WiMAX網絡的萌生過程中，南韓則因為擁有成功的CDMA經驗，取代了歐美先進技術國家，成為台灣苦苦追趕的對象。 / Abstract From 2005, the Government-industry-university-research collaboration started to promote WiMAX, as the so called semi-4G, in Taiwan. However, WiMAX didn’t become the globally used standard, nor developed very well in Taiwan. The analytical frame of this paper is based on actor-network-theory（ANT）, while applying the post technological frame. The research data are collected from Journal articles, formal informations, media reports and 8 actors. The results are as follower： The dilemma that OEMs are facing and the down of PC market shake off economics downturn in Taiwan. The Government-industry-university-research collaboration continued to find the solution to change the manufacturing paradigm. Around 2005 they found out the IPR and wireless broadband are having much market potential. At that time the IEEE was developing WiMAX standard. WiMAX and its IPR translate the Government-industry-university-research collaboration’s interests. Due to the lack of telecom operator’s support, license arrangement, and limitations of device capabilities the subscribers of WiMAX didn’t grow massively. For expanding the market, operators used naming, signal device, and experiential marketing to promote WiMAX. However, WiMAX was used as a Wi-fi not a Mobile broadband by the users and signal devices. The contract tied with 3G and Wi-fi impacted the subscribing of WiMAX. The promotion of WiMAX in Taiwan was a significant case of post technological country. The aim of promoting WiMAX was not for 4G, but for the paradigm shifting. In the promoting process, South-Korea played an important role as advanced technological country for Taiwan to chase up.