Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-57). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-110).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2005. / Embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 149-156.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1993.

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 59-65.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000745599.pdf: 1529654 bytes, checksum: 29805554bc4c5b99d3c809aba4402c67 (MD5) / A obesidade e a osteoporose são duas morbidades que afetam a população geral, consideradas graves problemas de saúde pública. Sabe-se que, o excesso de peso se instala em idades cada vez mais precoces e que, com o ganho em sobrevida, o envelhecimento populacional resulta em aumento da prevalência da osteopenia/osteoporose e das fraturas delas resultantes. Investigar o impacto do excesso de gordura corporal sobre a aquisição da massa óssea de adolescentes de ambos os sexos, de 10 a 19 anos, considerados sobrepesos, obesos e superobesos. Adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, matriculados na condição de casos novos no Ambulatório de Medicina do Adolescente da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, foram avaliados clínica e nutricionalmente, obtendo-se peso, estatura e Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). Aqueles que apresentavam IMC ≥85o e <95o percentil das curvas do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2000) foram considerados sobrepesos, os que se localizavam igual ou acima do 95opercentil, obesos e os com IMC superior ao 99o percentil, superobesos. Realizou-se inquérito alimentar através do recordatório alimentar de 3 dias e obtida a Idade Óssea pelo Método de Greulich & Pyle (1959). Aqueles considerados sobrepesos, obesos e superobesos realizaram avaliação do Conteúdo Mineral Ósseo (CMO g) e da Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO g/cm2) por densitometria óssea por atenuação de Raio X de dupla energia (DXA) obtida em Coluna Lombar (L1-L4), Fêmur Proximal, Corpo Subtotal e Corpo Total. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados estando os adolescentes e seus responsáveis cientes e de acordo, tendo assinado o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os dados foram analisados segundo ajuste para idade cronológica e óssea, apresentados em médias, medianas, desvios padrão, quartis e limites mínimo e máximo para cada variável. Realizada Análise de Variância para comparação segundo a classificação nutricional ... / Obesity and Osteoporosis are two morbities that affect general population, being considered a great public health issue. It is known that overweight is installed in much more precocious ages and with a longer life expectation, population aging has resulted in the prevalence of osteoporosis and resulting fractures. Investigate the impact of body fatness over the acquisition of bone mass in adolescents of both gender, from 10 to 19 years old, considered to be either overweight, obese and extremely obese. Adolescents from 10 to 19 years old signed up as new cases at the Teen's Medical Clinic of Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, were evaluated clinically and nutritionally as far as weight, height and body mass index (BMI). Those who had shown BMI ≥85th and <95th percentile for their age group according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria (CDC, 2000) were considered overweight, those who were evaluated on equal or above 95th percentiles, were considered obese, and those who had their BMI superior than 99th percentiles, were considered extremely obese. It was performed a dietary survey through a three day food recall and obtained the bone age through the application of the Greulich & Pyle Method (1959). Those considered overweight, obese and extremely obese performed evaluation about the Bone Mineral Content (BMC g) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD g/cm2) evaluations through Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry (DXA), obtained in Lumbar Spine (L1-L4), Proximal Femur, Body Subtotal and Body Total. All the procedures were done according to parental and patient approval and agreement by signing a Free Consent Form and have it clarified. Collected data was analyzed according to chronological and bone age adjustments presented in mean, median, quartiles, standard deviation and minimum and maximum limits for each variable. Through a Variance Analysis for comparison according to nutritional classification and Tukey test to find out major ...

The work is focused on body weight monitoring in adolescents, aged 16 - 20 years old, within one calendar year. It is aimed at the chronotype of the personality linked to the biological rhythms. According to the topology, the testees can be divided into "larks" that are active during morning hours and by day and "owls" that are more active at dusk and by night. The thesis is dievided in two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, it deals with body weight, adolescent phase with the special attention paid to biorhythms and sleep. The practical part is focused on measuring the adolescents, questionnaire analyses, individual procedures of the research and clarifyng of stated hypotheses.

The thesis is focused on the analysis of physical activity among secondary school students in the Czech Budejovice. The work is divided into a literature review and a practical part. A review of literature is divided into several chapters. First, I explain basic concepts, which include physical fitness, physical activity and inactivity. In the next section I describe the selected anthropometric parameters such as body fat and BMI. The next chapter deals with closer adolescence and physical activity associated with this developmental period. In the practical part of the research was investigated the influence of selected somatic characteristics on adolescent physical activity. Research was attended by 55 high school students who use the Internet portal INDARES record their physical activity. Through its two-week pedometer monitor physical activity. Norma 10,000 steps met the 75% of students BMI (Body Mass Index) had the standard 87% of students and 60% of students had normal body fat percentage. Intended hypotheses assumed that physical activity has a certain dependence on BMI and body fat were not confirmed.

As leitoas são consideradas a categoria de matrizes que deve ter uma atenção especial na preparação para a vida produtiva, pois a introdução no momento certo no rebanho de produção é crucial para o desempenho e longevidade desta futura matriz. Todo período experimental deste trabalho foi realizado em uma granja produtora de leitões, localizada no Centro-Oeste do país, com capacidade de alojar 2400 fêmeas (Camborough 22®). O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo determinar se leitoas com maiores taxas de crescimento, em diferentes categorias de idade no início do estímulo à puberdade, apresentam o primeiro estro em idade mais precoce. As leitoas foram avaliadas de acordo com dois grupos de idade à exposição ao cachaço (A= 130-149 d, n= 751 e B= 150-170 d, n= 735) e de acordo com três classes de taxa de crescimento (TC) do nascimento ao início do estímulo (I = 550-649 g/d, n= 371; II= 650-725 g/d, n= 749 e III= 726- 830 g/d, n= 366). A idade no momento da exposição ao cachaço para as leitoas dos Grupos A e B foram 142,6 ± 4,9 e 157,0 ± 5,1 dias, respectivamente. No geral, em 40 dias de estimulação, 85% das leitoas foram púberes. No grupo A, leitoas da classe TCIII manifestaram maior percentual cumulativo de fêmeas em estro dentro de 10 dias (38,1 vs. 29,0 vs. 27,6%) e 20 dias de estimulação (59,7 vs. 48,7 vs. 48,2%) em comparação às classes TCII e TCI, respectivamente (P<0,05). No entanto, dentro do grupo B não houve diferença nos percentuais de fêmeas púberes entre as classes de taxa de crescimento TCIII, TCII e TCI, aos 10 dias (43,2% vs. 45,3% vs. 44,3%) e 20 dias (63,8% vs. 67,3% vs. 63,7%) após a exposição ao macho. Leitoas da classe TCIII estimuladas mais jovens (grupo A) foram mais precoces à puberdade (P<0,05) do que as de baixa taxa de crescimento (159,6 vs 164,8 dias). No entanto, a idade à puberdade não foi afetada pela taxa de crescimento, quando as leitoas foram expostas ao cachaço em idade mais avançada (grupo B). No geral, a idade à puberdade foi positivamente associada com a idade no início da exposição ao cachaço (r=0,38; P<0.0001), e o intervalo de estímulo foi menor (r= -0,19; P<0.0001) em leitoas estimuladas mais velhas. Em conclusão, a estimulação da puberdade pode ser efetuada pela exposição ao macho em idade menos avançada em leitoas com alta taxa de crescimento. O segundo estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o reflexo da taxa de crescimento e da espessura de toucinho (ET) na 1ª inseminação, sobre o desempenho subsequente da leitoa e sobre a variação de peso da leitegada ao nascimento. As leitoas foram separadas em três classes de TC do nascimento até a primeira inseminação: TCI (600-700 g/d; n= 345), TCII (701-770 g/d; n= 710) e TCIII (771-870 g/d; n= 366). As análises também foram realizadas considerando três grupos de leitoas de acordo com a ET (mm) na inseminação: ET 10-15 (n= 405), ET 16-17 (n= 649) e ET 18-23 (n= 367). Não houve diferença nas taxas de parto e retorno ao estro entre os grupos de TC e ET (P>0,05). Leitoas TCII e TCIII tiveram, respectivamente, 0,5 e 0,9 leitões a mais quando comparadas às leitoas TCI (P<0,05). Porém, leitoas TCIII apresentaram maior percentual de natimortos intra-parto (P<0,05) em comparação às leitoas das classes TCI e TCII. Leitoas da classe TCIII apresentaram maior número de leitões (P<0,05) pesando abaixo de 1.200 g ao nascimento, comparativamente às leitoas TCI. Além disso, o coeficiente de variação do peso ao nascer foi menor nas fêmeas TCI comparativamente ao das fêmeas TCII e TCIII. Leitoas TCIII apresentaram maior percentual de leitegadas com coeficiente de variação acima de 20%, comparativamente às TCI e TCII (P<0,05). Maiores números de leitões nascidos e nascidos vivos foram observados nas fêmeas do grupo ET16-17 em comparação ao grupo ET10-15 (P<0,05). Não houve diferença entre os grupos de ET no número de natimortos e nem nas variáveis relativas ao peso ao nascer dos leitões (P>0,05). Esses resultados mostram que não há vantagem, em termos de taxa de parto e número de leitões nascidos vivos, em realizar a primeira cobertura de leitoas com ganho de peso acima de 770 g/d e com mais de 17mm de ET. O terceiro estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do peso da primeira inseminação sobre o desempenho reprodutivo e sobre a taxa de descarte ao longo dos três primeiros partos. As leitoas foram classificadas em três grupos, de acordo com seu peso na primeira inseminação: GI (130-150 kg, n= 298), GII (151-170 kg, n= 1007) e GIII (171-200 kg, n= 421). Leitoas do grupo GIII tiverem maior número total de leitões nascidos e maior número de natimortos (P<0,05) no primeiro parto comparativamente aos demais grupos de peso. No entanto, o número total de leitões nascidos em três partos não diferiu entre os grupos (P>0,05). Na inseminação após o primeiro desmame, houve diferença (P<0,05) na taxa de parto entre os três grupos de peso (89,3% vs. 80,3% vs. 74,9%) e a taxa de retorno ao estro foi menor no grupo GI (9,4%) do que nos grupos GII (16,4%) e GIII (19,5%). Ao final dos três partos, houve uma taxa de retenção de 66,6%. As taxas de descarte devido a problemas locomotores e por falha reprodutiva foram, respectivamente 10,8% e 11,2%. A taxa de remoção do grupo GIII (38,9%) foi maior (P= 0,006) do que no grupo GII (31,5%) e tendeu a ser maior (P= 0,06) do que no grupo GI (32,2%). A taxa de descarte devido a problemas locomotores foi superior (P<0,05) em fêmeas com maior peso na primeira inseminação (GIII) comparativamente com as dos grupos GII e GI (15,2% vs. 10,3% vs. 6,0%). Considerando que fêmeas mais pesadas apresentam maior taxa de descarte por problemas locomotores e menor taxa de retenção sem nenhuma falha reprodutiva, ao longo de três ciclos de produção, não é vantajoso realizar o primeiro acasalamento de leitoas com mais de 150 kg de peso corporal. / Gilts are regarded as the class of females that must have special attention in preparation for productive life, because the introduction at the right time in the herd of production is crucial for the future performance and longevity of this female. The studies were performed in a sow farm with capacity to accommodate 2,400 sows (Camborough 22®), located in the Midwest of Brazil (Parallel 14º). The objective of the first study was to verify whether pubertal estrus could be influenced by the growth rate and age of gilts at the onset of boar exposure. Gilts were evaluated according to two groups of age at boar exposure (A= 130-149 d, n= 751 and B= 150- 170 d, n= 735) and three classes of growth rate (Low= 550-649 g/d, n= 371; Intermediate= 650- 725 g/d, n= 749 and High= 726-830 g/d, n= 366). Gilts of groups A and B were, respectively, 142.6 ± 4.9 and 157.0 ± 5.1 days of age at the onset of boar exposure. Overall, 85% of gilts showed estrus within 40 days of boar exposure. Within group A gilts a higher (P<0.05) cumulative percentage of estrus within 10 days (38.1 vs. 29.0 vs. 27.6%) and 20 days (59.7% vs. 48.7% vs. 48.2%) of stimulation was observed in High than in Intermediate and Low growth rate gilts. Nevertheless, within group B there was no difference (P<0.05) in the percentage of estrus among High, Intermediate and Low growth rate classes within 10 days (43.2% vs. 45.3% vs. 44.3%) and 20 days (63.8% vs. 67.3% vs. 63.7%) of boar stimulation. Within group A, puberty was attained earlier (P<0.05) in High than in Low growth rate gilts (159.6 vs. 164.8 days). However, age at puberty was not affected by growth rate, when gilts were exposed to boar at an older age (group B). Overall, age at puberty was positively associated with the age at the onset of boar exposure (r= 0.38; P<0.0001) and the older the gilts were at boar exposure the lower was the interval (r= -0.19; P<0.0001) from stimulation to onset of puberty. In conclusion, successful stimulation of puberty can be obtained through an earlier exposure to boars in high growth rate gilts. The second study evaluated the influence of growth rate (GR) and backfat thickness (BF), at first mating of gilts, on the reproductive performance until the first farrowing and on the variation in birth weight of piglets. Gilts were categorized into three groups according to GR from birth until first mating: GRI (600-700 g/d, n= 345), GRII (701-770 g/d, n= 710) and GRIII (771-870 g/d, n= 366). Analyses were also performed considering three groups formed according to BF (mm) at mating: BF10-15 (n= 405); BF16-17 (n= 649) and BF18-23 (n= 367). There were no differences in farrowing rate and return to estrus rate among BF or GR groups (P>0.05). GRII and GRIII females had larger litter size compared to GRI gilts (P<0.05), respectively 0.5 and 0.9 more piglets, but a higher percentage of intrapartum stillborns (P<0.05) was observed in GRIII than in GRI and GRII females. Moreover GRIII females had more piglets (P<0.05) weighing less than 1,200 g, litters with a higher coefficient of variation for birth weight and a higher percentage of litters with coefficient of variation above 20% (P<0.05) than GRI females. More total born and born alive piglets were observed in BF16-17 compared with BF10-15 females (P<0.05).There were no differences among BF groups in number of stillborn neither in variables concerning the birth weight of piglets (P>0.05). These results show that there is no advantage, in terms of farrowing rate and number of born alive, in performing the first mating of gilts with GR >770g/d and BF >17 mm. The objective of the third study was to evaluate the influence of the weight at the first mating of gilts on the reproductive performance and on the removal rate until the third farrowing. Gilts were categorized into three groups according to weight at first mating: GI (130- 150 kg, n= 298), GII (151-170 kg, n= 1007) and GIII (171-200 kg, n= 421). In the first farrowing, GIII females had larger litter size compared to GRI and GII gilts (P<0.05), but a higher percentage of stillborns (P<0.05) also was observed in GRIII than in GRI and GRII females. However, total born over three parities were not different among groups (P>0.05). In the insemination after the first weaning, there were differences (P<0.05) in farrowing rate among all weight groups (89.3% vs. 80.3% vs. 74.9%) and return to estrus rate was lower in GI (9.4%) than in GII (16.4%) and GIII (19.5%) groups. The overall retention rate over three parities was 66.6%. Culling rate due to locomotion problems was 10.8% and due to reproductive failure was 11.2%.The removal rate over three parities in GIII females (38.9%) was higher (P= 0.006) than in GII females (31.5%) and tended to be higher (P= 0.06) than in GI females (32.2%). The culling rate due to locomotors problems was different (P<0.05) among all groups (6.0% vs. 10.3% vs. 15.2% for GI, GII and GIII, respectively). Taking into account that heavy females have higher culling rates due to locomotors disorders and lower retention rate without reproductive failure, over three productive cycles, it is not advantageous to perform the first mating of gilts with more than 150 kg of body weight.

This diploma thesis deals with changes in body weight during the year depending on circadian typology of adolescent girls. The theoretical part focuses on the specification of the development period of adolescence, body weight, biorhythms and sleep. The research is particularly concerned with oscillation of body weight during the adolescent girls period of one calendar year depending on the influence of different seasons. A partial survey of the research subject is the relationship between BMI and individual chronotype. Specifically, it was examined whether chronotype Lark lower average BMI during the period of one calendar year than the owl chronotype. The research section provides further knowledge on the composition and eating chronotype, and in terms of rationality and regularity of catering. One of the subjects of the thesis is also chronotype influence the dietary habits of individuals, namely their unsuitability.