O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as adaptações neuromusculares e morfológicas de treinamentos de força realizados com amplitudes parcial e total de movimento nos músculos flexores de cotovelo e extensores de joelho. Participaram do estudo 41 voluntários do sexo masculino destreinados em força (23,78 ± 3,27 anos), divididos em três grupos: PS-TI (Parcial Superior – Total Inferior; n=14), TS-PI (Total Superior – Parcial Inferior; n=16) e GC (Grupo Controle; n=11). O grupo PS-TI realizou o treinamento de flexão de cotovelo em amplitude parcial (40°- 90°) e de extensão de joelho em amplitude total (90° - 0°). O grupo TS-PI realizou o treinamento de flexão de cotovelo em amplitude total (0° - 120°) e de extensão de joelho em amplitude parcial (60° - 30°). Os sujeitos treinaram duas vezes por semana por um período de 12 semanas. O GC não realizou o treinamento. Antes e após o período de treinamento, os sujeitos foram avaliados em parâmetros relacionados à força muscular dinâmica, resistência muscular, pico de torque isocinético, pico de torque isométrico em diferentes ângulos, ativação muscular dinâmica e isométrica em diferentes ângulos e hipertrofia muscular. Para a força muscular dinâmica, avaliada pelo teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM), o grupo TS-PI teve incrementos de 1RM de flexão de cotovelo (29,37%) maiores que PS-TI (18,42%) (p<0,001). Ainda, o grupo PS-TI teve incrementos de 1RM de extensão de joelho (25,69%) maiores que TS-PI (15,06%) (p=0,038). A resistência muscular, avaliada pelo teste de 60% de 1RM absoluto, mostrou, para a flexão de cotovelo e extensão de joelho, que o grupo que treinou em amplitude total realizou um número maior de repetições do que o que treinou em amplitude parcial o exercício avaliado. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos incrementos de picos de torque isocinético e isométrico em diferentes ângulos entre os grupos PS-TI e TS-PI na flexão de cotovelo e extensão de joelho. Não foram encontrados incrementos significativos de ativação muscular, avaliada durante os testes isocinéticos e isométricos em diferentes ângulos. Foram encontrados incrementos significativos de hipertrofia, avaliada pela espessura muscular, nos músculos flexores de cotovelo, sem diferença entre os grupos PS-TI e TS-PI. Quanto à espessura muscular nos extensores de joelho, o grupo PS-TI teve maiores incrementos quando comparado a TS-PI no somatório de todos os músculos extensores de joelho (6,74% vs. 5,02%) (p=0,001) e no somatório de três diferentes pontos avaliados no músculo vasto lateral (5,20% vs 3,37%) (p=0,033). Assim, todas as diferenças encontradas neste estudo foram a favor do treinamento em amplitude total de movimento, ainda que o grupo que treinou o exercício em amplitude parcial de movimento tenha treinado com cargas significativamente mais elevadas durante todo período de treinamento (PS-TI: 47,94% mais elevada na flexão de cotovelo; TS-PI: 61,32% mais elevada na extensão de joelho). Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o treinamento de força em amplitude total de movimento causa melhores adaptações neuromusculares e morfológicas, sendo mais efetivo para incrementos de força, resistência e hipertrofia muscular de flexores de cotovelo e extensores de joelho em homens jovens. / The purpose of this investigation was to compare neural and morphological adaptations of a partial range of motion versus a full range of motion strength training in the elbow flexors and knee extensors. Forty-one untrained men (23.78 ± 3.27 years) were divided into three groups: PU-FL (Partial Upper – Full Lower; n=14), FU-PL (Full Upper – Partial Lower; n=16) and CG (Control Group; n=11). The PU-FL group during the training performed elbow flexion with partial range of motion (40° - 90°) and performed knee extension with full range of motion (90° - 0°). The FU-PL group during the training performed elbow flexion with full range of motion (0° - 120°) and performed knee extensor with partial range of motion (60° - 30°). The subjects trained two times per week during 12 weeks. The CG did not train. Before and after training period, subjects were evaluated in parameters related to dynamic muscle strength, muscle endurance, isokinetic peak torque, isometric peak torque at different angles, dynamic and isometric (at different angles) muscle activation and muscle hypertrophy. For the dynamic muscle strength, evaluated by one repetition maximum (1RM) test, the increase in 1RM of the elbow flexion for the FU-PL group (29.37%) was greater than PU-FL group (18.42%) (p<0.001). Moreover, the increase in 1RM of the knee extension for the PU-FL group (25.69%) was greater than FU-PL (15.06%) (p=0.038). The muscle endurance, evaluated by 60% of 1RM test with absolute load in the elbow flexion and knee extension, showed the group that trained the exercise with full range of motion performed a greater number of repetitions than those trained the evaluated exercise with partial range of motion. No differences were observed between PU-FL and FU-PL groups for the increase for isokinetic or isometrics, at different angles, peaks torque in elbow flexion and knee extension. No significant findings were observed for muscle activation measured during isokinetic and isometrics tests. There were significant increases on muscle hypertrophy, evaluated by muscle thickness, of the elbow flexors, but no difference were observed between PU-FL and FU-PL groups. For the muscle thickness of the knee extensors, the increase for the PU-FL group was greater than FU-PL group at sum of all knee extensors muscles (6.74% vs. 5.02%) (p=0.001) and at sum of three different points evaluated in the vastus lateralis muscle (5.20% vs. 3.37%) (p=0.033). Thereby, all the differences found in this investigation were in favor of full range of motion training, despite the group that trained with partial range of motion have been used higher loads throughout the training period (PU-FL: 47.94% higher in elbow flexion; FU-PL: 61.32% higher in knee extension). Thus, we can conclude that strength training with full range of motion causes better neural and morphological adaptations, being more effective for increase in strength, endurance and muscle hypertrophy in the elbow flexors and knee extensors of the young men.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as adaptações neuromusculares e morfológicas de treinamentos de força realizados com amplitudes parcial e total de movimento nos músculos flexores de cotovelo e extensores de joelho. Participaram do estudo 41 voluntários do sexo masculino destreinados em força (23,78 ± 3,27 anos), divididos em três grupos: PS-TI (Parcial Superior – Total Inferior; n=14), TS-PI (Total Superior – Parcial Inferior; n=16) e GC (Grupo Controle; n=11). O grupo PS-TI realizou o treinamento de flexão de cotovelo em amplitude parcial (40°- 90°) e de extensão de joelho em amplitude total (90° - 0°). O grupo TS-PI realizou o treinamento de flexão de cotovelo em amplitude total (0° - 120°) e de extensão de joelho em amplitude parcial (60° - 30°). Os sujeitos treinaram duas vezes por semana por um período de 12 semanas. O GC não realizou o treinamento. Antes e após o período de treinamento, os sujeitos foram avaliados em parâmetros relacionados à força muscular dinâmica, resistência muscular, pico de torque isocinético, pico de torque isométrico em diferentes ângulos, ativação muscular dinâmica e isométrica em diferentes ângulos e hipertrofia muscular. Para a força muscular dinâmica, avaliada pelo teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM), o grupo TS-PI teve incrementos de 1RM de flexão de cotovelo (29,37%) maiores que PS-TI (18,42%) (p<0,001). Ainda, o grupo PS-TI teve incrementos de 1RM de extensão de joelho (25,69%) maiores que TS-PI (15,06%) (p=0,038). A resistência muscular, avaliada pelo teste de 60% de 1RM absoluto, mostrou, para a flexão de cotovelo e extensão de joelho, que o grupo que treinou em amplitude total realizou um número maior de repetições do que o que treinou em amplitude parcial o exercício avaliado. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos incrementos de picos de torque isocinético e isométrico em diferentes ângulos entre os grupos PS-TI e TS-PI na flexão de cotovelo e extensão de joelho. Não foram encontrados incrementos significativos de ativação muscular, avaliada durante os testes isocinéticos e isométricos em diferentes ângulos. Foram encontrados incrementos significativos de hipertrofia, avaliada pela espessura muscular, nos músculos flexores de cotovelo, sem diferença entre os grupos PS-TI e TS-PI. Quanto à espessura muscular nos extensores de joelho, o grupo PS-TI teve maiores incrementos quando comparado a TS-PI no somatório de todos os músculos extensores de joelho (6,74% vs. 5,02%) (p=0,001) e no somatório de três diferentes pontos avaliados no músculo vasto lateral (5,20% vs 3,37%) (p=0,033). Assim, todas as diferenças encontradas neste estudo foram a favor do treinamento em amplitude total de movimento, ainda que o grupo que treinou o exercício em amplitude parcial de movimento tenha treinado com cargas significativamente mais elevadas durante todo período de treinamento (PS-TI: 47,94% mais elevada na flexão de cotovelo; TS-PI: 61,32% mais elevada na extensão de joelho). Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o treinamento de força em amplitude total de movimento causa melhores adaptações neuromusculares e morfológicas, sendo mais efetivo para incrementos de força, resistência e hipertrofia muscular de flexores de cotovelo e extensores de joelho em homens jovens. / The purpose of this investigation was to compare neural and morphological adaptations of a partial range of motion versus a full range of motion strength training in the elbow flexors and knee extensors. Forty-one untrained men (23.78 ± 3.27 years) were divided into three groups: PU-FL (Partial Upper – Full Lower; n=14), FU-PL (Full Upper – Partial Lower; n=16) and CG (Control Group; n=11). The PU-FL group during the training performed elbow flexion with partial range of motion (40° - 90°) and performed knee extension with full range of motion (90° - 0°). The FU-PL group during the training performed elbow flexion with full range of motion (0° - 120°) and performed knee extensor with partial range of motion (60° - 30°). The subjects trained two times per week during 12 weeks. The CG did not train. Before and after training period, subjects were evaluated in parameters related to dynamic muscle strength, muscle endurance, isokinetic peak torque, isometric peak torque at different angles, dynamic and isometric (at different angles) muscle activation and muscle hypertrophy. For the dynamic muscle strength, evaluated by one repetition maximum (1RM) test, the increase in 1RM of the elbow flexion for the FU-PL group (29.37%) was greater than PU-FL group (18.42%) (p<0.001). Moreover, the increase in 1RM of the knee extension for the PU-FL group (25.69%) was greater than FU-PL (15.06%) (p=0.038). The muscle endurance, evaluated by 60% of 1RM test with absolute load in the elbow flexion and knee extension, showed the group that trained the exercise with full range of motion performed a greater number of repetitions than those trained the evaluated exercise with partial range of motion. No differences were observed between PU-FL and FU-PL groups for the increase for isokinetic or isometrics, at different angles, peaks torque in elbow flexion and knee extension. No significant findings were observed for muscle activation measured during isokinetic and isometrics tests. There were significant increases on muscle hypertrophy, evaluated by muscle thickness, of the elbow flexors, but no difference were observed between PU-FL and FU-PL groups. For the muscle thickness of the knee extensors, the increase for the PU-FL group was greater than FU-PL group at sum of all knee extensors muscles (6.74% vs. 5.02%) (p=0.001) and at sum of three different points evaluated in the vastus lateralis muscle (5.20% vs. 3.37%) (p=0.033). Thereby, all the differences found in this investigation were in favor of full range of motion training, despite the group that trained with partial range of motion have been used higher loads throughout the training period (PU-FL: 47.94% higher in elbow flexion; FU-PL: 61.32% higher in knee extension). Thus, we can conclude that strength training with full range of motion causes better neural and morphological adaptations, being more effective for increase in strength, endurance and muscle hypertrophy in the elbow flexors and knee extensors of the young men.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as adaptações neuromusculares e morfológicas de treinamentos de força realizados com amplitudes parcial e total de movimento nos músculos flexores de cotovelo e extensores de joelho. Participaram do estudo 41 voluntários do sexo masculino destreinados em força (23,78 ± 3,27 anos), divididos em três grupos: PS-TI (Parcial Superior – Total Inferior; n=14), TS-PI (Total Superior – Parcial Inferior; n=16) e GC (Grupo Controle; n=11). O grupo PS-TI realizou o treinamento de flexão de cotovelo em amplitude parcial (40°- 90°) e de extensão de joelho em amplitude total (90° - 0°). O grupo TS-PI realizou o treinamento de flexão de cotovelo em amplitude total (0° - 120°) e de extensão de joelho em amplitude parcial (60° - 30°). Os sujeitos treinaram duas vezes por semana por um período de 12 semanas. O GC não realizou o treinamento. Antes e após o período de treinamento, os sujeitos foram avaliados em parâmetros relacionados à força muscular dinâmica, resistência muscular, pico de torque isocinético, pico de torque isométrico em diferentes ângulos, ativação muscular dinâmica e isométrica em diferentes ângulos e hipertrofia muscular. Para a força muscular dinâmica, avaliada pelo teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM), o grupo TS-PI teve incrementos de 1RM de flexão de cotovelo (29,37%) maiores que PS-TI (18,42%) (p<0,001). Ainda, o grupo PS-TI teve incrementos de 1RM de extensão de joelho (25,69%) maiores que TS-PI (15,06%) (p=0,038). A resistência muscular, avaliada pelo teste de 60% de 1RM absoluto, mostrou, para a flexão de cotovelo e extensão de joelho, que o grupo que treinou em amplitude total realizou um número maior de repetições do que o que treinou em amplitude parcial o exercício avaliado. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos incrementos de picos de torque isocinético e isométrico em diferentes ângulos entre os grupos PS-TI e TS-PI na flexão de cotovelo e extensão de joelho. Não foram encontrados incrementos significativos de ativação muscular, avaliada durante os testes isocinéticos e isométricos em diferentes ângulos. Foram encontrados incrementos significativos de hipertrofia, avaliada pela espessura muscular, nos músculos flexores de cotovelo, sem diferença entre os grupos PS-TI e TS-PI. Quanto à espessura muscular nos extensores de joelho, o grupo PS-TI teve maiores incrementos quando comparado a TS-PI no somatório de todos os músculos extensores de joelho (6,74% vs. 5,02%) (p=0,001) e no somatório de três diferentes pontos avaliados no músculo vasto lateral (5,20% vs 3,37%) (p=0,033). Assim, todas as diferenças encontradas neste estudo foram a favor do treinamento em amplitude total de movimento, ainda que o grupo que treinou o exercício em amplitude parcial de movimento tenha treinado com cargas significativamente mais elevadas durante todo período de treinamento (PS-TI: 47,94% mais elevada na flexão de cotovelo; TS-PI: 61,32% mais elevada na extensão de joelho). Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o treinamento de força em amplitude total de movimento causa melhores adaptações neuromusculares e morfológicas, sendo mais efetivo para incrementos de força, resistência e hipertrofia muscular de flexores de cotovelo e extensores de joelho em homens jovens. / The purpose of this investigation was to compare neural and morphological adaptations of a partial range of motion versus a full range of motion strength training in the elbow flexors and knee extensors. Forty-one untrained men (23.78 ± 3.27 years) were divided into three groups: PU-FL (Partial Upper – Full Lower; n=14), FU-PL (Full Upper – Partial Lower; n=16) and CG (Control Group; n=11). The PU-FL group during the training performed elbow flexion with partial range of motion (40° - 90°) and performed knee extension with full range of motion (90° - 0°). The FU-PL group during the training performed elbow flexion with full range of motion (0° - 120°) and performed knee extensor with partial range of motion (60° - 30°). The subjects trained two times per week during 12 weeks. The CG did not train. Before and after training period, subjects were evaluated in parameters related to dynamic muscle strength, muscle endurance, isokinetic peak torque, isometric peak torque at different angles, dynamic and isometric (at different angles) muscle activation and muscle hypertrophy. For the dynamic muscle strength, evaluated by one repetition maximum (1RM) test, the increase in 1RM of the elbow flexion for the FU-PL group (29.37%) was greater than PU-FL group (18.42%) (p<0.001). Moreover, the increase in 1RM of the knee extension for the PU-FL group (25.69%) was greater than FU-PL (15.06%) (p=0.038). The muscle endurance, evaluated by 60% of 1RM test with absolute load in the elbow flexion and knee extension, showed the group that trained the exercise with full range of motion performed a greater number of repetitions than those trained the evaluated exercise with partial range of motion. No differences were observed between PU-FL and FU-PL groups for the increase for isokinetic or isometrics, at different angles, peaks torque in elbow flexion and knee extension. No significant findings were observed for muscle activation measured during isokinetic and isometrics tests. There were significant increases on muscle hypertrophy, evaluated by muscle thickness, of the elbow flexors, but no difference were observed between PU-FL and FU-PL groups. For the muscle thickness of the knee extensors, the increase for the PU-FL group was greater than FU-PL group at sum of all knee extensors muscles (6.74% vs. 5.02%) (p=0.001) and at sum of three different points evaluated in the vastus lateralis muscle (5.20% vs. 3.37%) (p=0.033). Thereby, all the differences found in this investigation were in favor of full range of motion training, despite the group that trained with partial range of motion have been used higher loads throughout the training period (PU-FL: 47.94% higher in elbow flexion; FU-PL: 61.32% higher in knee extension). Thus, we can conclude that strength training with full range of motion causes better neural and morphological adaptations, being more effective for increase in strength, endurance and muscle hypertrophy in the elbow flexors and knee extensors of the young men.

Orientador: Gilberto Alexandre Sobrinho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T07:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_StefanieHesse_M.pdf: 1981641 bytes, checksum: dac84046436f38b8c4b1f63ef6400538 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este estudo busca compreender o processo de adaptação de textos de Nelson Rodrigues para a televisão, por meio da análise dos episódios da série A Vida como ela é, dirigida por Daniel Filho, roteirizada por Euclydes Marinho, a partir de textos extraídos da coluna homônima de Nelson Rodrigues, publicada no jornal Última Hora, na década de 1950 e que foi exibida no programa Fantástico, da Rede Globo de Televisão, no ano de 1996. Interessou-nos investigar, a partir de um olhar direcionado aos aspectos narrativos e discursivos, componentes da linguagem audiovisual, como o meio televisivo foi explorado em suas estratégias e singularidades na tradução da obra rodriguiana. Tratamos, portanto, de discutir a presença de elementos característicos da poética rodriguiana nos textos da coluna jornalística, as características gerais da série dentro do panorama televisivo, considerando seu aspecto formal singular, sua inserção em um programa de variedades, a função ocupada pela série na estratégia da emissora no período em que foi exibida, de que maneira os textos de Nelson Rodrigues receberam da equipe de criação da série uma roupagem de cores, formas, figurinos, maquiagens, enquadramentos, músicas, vozes e efeitos sonoros, e como essa construção é ativada na construção de sentido da obra / Abstract: This study intend to understand the process of adapting Nelson Rodrigues texts to the television media, by analysing the episodes from the serie A vida como ela é, directed by Daniel Filho, scripted by Euclydes Marinho, based on texts taken from the column with the same name written by Nelson Rodrigues, published in the newspaper Última Hora, during the 1950 decade, and broadcasted during the program Fantastico, by Rede Globo de Televisão, in 1996. We were interested in studying, from a view directed to the narrative and discursive aspects, components of audiovisual language, how television media was explored in its strategies and singularities in the translation process of Nelson Rodrigues texts. We intend, therefore, to discuss the presence of elements from Nelson Rodrigues writing in the newspaper column, the general characteristics of the series within the television scenery, considering its singular formal aspect, its insertion into a variety show, the role taken by the series in the strategy of the TV station during its exhibition, how Nelson Rodrigues writing received colors, shapes, costumes, makeup, frameworks, music, voices and sound effects by the creative crew, and how this scenario is activated in the serie's comprehension / Mestrado / Artes Visuais / Mestre em Artes Visuais

The aim of this paper was to study Swedish secondary school teachers’ thoughts on and experiences of support measures that do not fall under the categories defined in the Swedish Education Act. The existing defined support measures are constructed as adaptations forindividual students and therefore this study looked at support measures implemented on a group basis. Special focus was given to studying what type of support measures the teachers saw themselves implement, the reasoning behind their implementation, how they evaluated them and what conditions the teachers thought affected their ability to implement and evaluate them. Research data was gathered by conducting eight semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate a trend towards the teachers implementing instructional adaptations for entire student groups. The support measures tended to be implemented to meet the needs of several students in each class. The interviewed teachers’ evaluation of their support measures was for the most part undocumented, individual and informal, rarely employing their colleagues’ input. Lastly, the teachers generally considered time constraints to impact their work with adaptations negatively, and the support of colleagues to support them positively.

It has been established that Wingate-based high-intensity training (HIT) consisting of 4 to 6 x 30-s all-out sprints interspersed with 4-min recovery is an effective training paradigm. Despite the increased utilisation of Wingate-based HIT to bring about training adaptations, the majority of previous studies have been conducted over a relatively short timeframe (2 to 6 weeks). However, activity during recovery period, intervention duration or sprint length have been overlooked. In study 1, the dose response of recovery intensity on performance during typical Wingate-based HIT (4 x 30-s cycle all-out sprints separated by 4-min recovery) was examined and active recovery (cycling at 20 to 40% of V̇O2peak) has been shown to improve sprint performance with successive sprints by 6 to 12% compared to passive recovery (remained still), while increasing aerobic contribution to sprint performance by ~15%. In the following study, 5 to 7% greater endurance performance adaptations were achieved with active recovery (40%V̇O2peak) following 2 weeks of Wingate-based HIT. In the final study, shorter sprint protocol (4 to 6 x 15-s sprints interspersed with 2 min of recovery) has been shown to be as effective as typical 30-s Wingate-based HIT in improving cardiorespiratory function and endurance performance over 9 weeks with the improvements in V̇O2peak being completed within 3 weeks, whereas exercise capacity (time to exhaustion) being increased throughout 9 weeks. In conclusion, the studies demonstrate that active recovery at 40% V̇O2peak significantly enhances endurance adaptations to HIT. Further, the duration of the sprint does not seem to be a driving factor in the magnitude of change with 15 sec sprints providing similar adaptations to 30 sec sprints. Taken together, this suggests that the arrangement of recovery mode should be considered to ensure maximal adaptation to HIT, and the practicality of the training would be enhanced via the reduction in sprint duration without diminishing overall training adaptations.

This research will concentrate on various aspects of the screen adaptation of “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989). This study comprises of six chapters. In Chapter 1 of this study, the research aims and objectives are formulated. The research methods that are to be followed will involve a thorough reading of the written text, as well as a comprehensive repetitive viewing of all the episodes of the screen version. In the final part of Chapter 1, background information is provided on the personal life of the author as well as on his contributions to the African literary tradition. Background information on the production of the screen version is also provided. In the Chapter 2, the theoretical aspects of the phenomenon of literary adaptation are discussed. This discussion provides a framework for the analysis of the adaptation of “Unyana womntu” (Saule, 1989) in the remaining chapters of this study. The aim of this chapter is to identify and discuss the most important principles which come into play when the written text is adapted into a screen production. Since the screen production belongs to the genre of the performing arts, this chapter is introduced with a discussion on the performing arts and on the drama, in particular. The section will be concluded with a discussion on the different sub-types of the drama which can be found, including the screen production. The main emphasis is on an analysis of the basic features and principles of the drama in screen format. Since the screen play Unyana Womntu (1998) is based upon a novel by the same title, the literary features of the novel are to be discussed here as well. The specific features of the Xhosa novel will also receive attention.

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No description available.

Les livres et les films qui forment la série mettant en scène James Bond fournit l'occasion de repenser le débat sur les rapports entre littérature et cinéma non plus grâce au concept, vague et inapproprié, d'adaptation mais à celui de transécriture. C'est en termes d'écriture qu'il s'agit d'aborder les romans et les films afin de faire émerger les spécificités de chacun des médias et, en particulier, du cinéma. Par des analyses filmiques, nous étudierons les différents choix des producteurs et des réalisateurs et nous considérerons le poids et l'influence de la série par rapport à chacun des films qui s'y inscrit. Nous mettrons ainsi en lumière les récurrences problématiques qui menacent la cohérence vers laquelle tend toute la série, dès lors que l'ordre de visionnement des films est pris en compte. Enfin, c'est le mythe de James Bond lui-même qui nous intéressera et notamment l'ensemble des figures mythologiques que le héros Bond convoque et que la série actualise avec régularité.