Este trabalho pretende realizar uma pesquisa exploratória visando o entendimento e a análise dos efeitos sociais e urbanos da implantação dos conjuntos habitacionais do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (lei 11.977, 2009) na cidade de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, para os moradores das localidades, a partir do estudo sobre a apropriação do espaço. Desta forma a pesquisa coloca em foco o direito à cidade e as relações sociais e espaciais pela perspectiva do público-alvo dessa ação governamental. Compreende-se como objetivo maior de ações e políticas públicas voltadas às parcelas social e economicamente vulneráveis, em tese, o acesso à cidadania. Assim, a pesquisa procura relacionar seus elementos centrais e objeto de estudo a grandes temas como o da cidadania, da moradia adequada, das sociabilidades, do espaço público, do direito à cidade e a da segregação socioespacial. Dada a abrangência e a visibilidade do programa, muitas pesquisas foram realizadas tendo-o como objeto de estudo e variados questionamentos foram levantados, sobretudo em relação a seu desenho político. Porém, há uma lacuna no que diz respeito às relações sociais e urbanas estabelecidas pelos moradores dos conjuntos, para além da avaliação quantitativa baseada em questionários padrões, sobretudo em se tratando de cidades de pequeno e médio porte, onde a escala da cidade muda a perspectiva de análise dos elementos. Conclui-se, a partir da análise empírica e das entrevistas e com base no referencial teórico e documental, que os processos e a as ausências de apropriações dos espaços estão ligadas à tipologia institucional do Programa. Espera-se que a pesquisa possa contribuir para elucidar relações socioespaciais de moradores realocados para conjuntos habitacionais e auxiliar em estudos correlatos em diferentes campos do conhecimento, como para o urbanismo, a sociologia urbana e a geografia. / This work intends to realize an exploratory search in order to understand and analyze the social and urban effects of the deployment of My House, My Life housing estates (law 11.977, 2009) in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, by the residentes, starting from the appropriation processes of space. Thus, the research foregrounds the right to the city and the social and spatial relations by the perspective of the target audience of this program. The access to citizenship, in theory, is understood as the larger goal of the public politics aimed at vulnerable economically groups. So, the research seeks to relate its central matters and its study object with broad knowledges like as the citizenship, the decent housing, the sociabilities, the public spaces, the right to the city and the socio-spatial segregation. Many researches have been done using this public program as the object of study because of its big scope and visibility. Many different questions have been raised, particularly speaking of its political aspects. However there is a gap in what it refers to the social and urban relations established by the housing estates residents, for beyond the quantitative evaluation based on patterned questionnaires, especially refering to small and medium cities, where the urban scale changes the perspective of analisys. It is concluded that the processes observed and the absence of appropriations of those spaces, occupied by the residents, are related to the institutional typology of the Program. It is expected to contribute to elucidate socio-spatial relations of residents that have been taken from precarious situation and moved to this housing estates. It is also expected to help similar studies in different fields of knowledge like urbanism field, urban sociology and geography.

Notre travail a pour objet d’étudier des processus d’appropriation de l’espace inhérents à l’implantation de commerces ethniques dans les quartiers de Château Rouge à Paris et de Brixton à Londres. Il est concentré sur les modalités selon lesquelles ce commerce ethnique qui implique des populations d’origine africaine et antillaise peut conditionner la visibilité de ces groupes au sein de l’espace urbain, et plus largement de la société d’accueil. Les contributions existantes dans le champ de l’entreprenariat migrant et du commerce ethnique révèlent une attention particulière portée sur le côté entrepreneurial de ces activités. Y sont discutés les facteurs explicatifs du succès économique de certains groupes migrants, ainsi que le rôle des ressources ethniques en termes de modes de fonctionnement de ces entreprises. Cependant, alors que les travaux dans ce champ de recherche ont grandement amélioré notre compréhension des activités économiques dans lesquelles sont engagés les migrants, elles ont plus rarement interrogé la manière dont le commerce ethnique contribue au marquage de l’espace urbain. Cette thèse vise à contribuer à cette littérature abondante à partir de la prise en compte des commerçants et des clients plutôt que des seuls entrepreneurs. Spécifiquement, il s’agit ici de privilégier l’étude de marqueurs symboliques attachés à l’espace par les pratiques inhérentes au commerce ethnique. Notre recherche montre que l’implantation du commerce ethnique à Château Rouge et à Brixton produit différentes configurations spatiales et implique différents processus d’appropriation de l’espace, ainsi qu’une variété de références à un « ailleurs » géographique et culturel dans l’espace urbain, et de discours en rapport avec la visibilité de ce commerce et des groupes migrants concernés. / This research seeks to analyse processes of space appropriation pertaining to the insertion of ethnic trade in the areas of Château Rouge, Paris and Brixton, London. It is focused on the ways in which this trade involving populations of African or Caribbean descent affects the visibility of these groups within the urban space. The existing literature on ethnic entrepreneurship and ethnic trade is focused on the entrepreneurial side of migrant-owned businesses and has discussed the economic success of minorities as well as the role of ethnic resources in the advent and management of these businesses. While these contributions have greatly enhanced our understanding of the migrants’ economic activities, they rarely have questioned how ethnic trade participates in the marking of urban space. This research contributes to the literature by focusing on entrepreneurs and customers rather than entrepreneurs alone, and especially on the sets of symbolic markers that are attached to space by the practices of ethnic trade. This research shows that the insertion of ethnic trade in Château Rouge and Brixton leads to different outcomes in terms space appropriation by African and Caribbean populations, representations of otherness in the urban space, and public discourses and narratives on the visibility of ethnic trade and migrant populations.

Neste trabalho são apresentadas as paisagens do Distrito de Brasilândia, localizado na Zona Norte do Município de São Paulo, dentro de uma abordagem humanística, na qual as paisagens são desveladas e reveladas pelos moradores que a constituem. É um exercício de interpretação da realidade, que acaba por questionar a inserção social do arquiteto frente a projetos de urbanização em áreas de carência social, urbana e de fragilidade ambiental. A falta de conhecimento empírico do arquiteto sobre a trajetória de luta da população e de organização dos espaços, desde sua formação em escolas de arquitetura, o atendimento a demandas habitacionais e déficits de maneira emergencial, ao perceber paisagens riquíssimas e complexas apenas em seus aspectos de urbanização problemáticos, contribui para seu distanciamento das realidades em que pretende atuar. Busca-se o sentido das paisagens, seus valores, busca-se experienciá-las para pensá-las. Como se propõe no grupo de estudos de paisagem do Laboratório de Gestão e Projeto do Espaço LAB ESPAÇO, são as pessoas que as vivenciam, as que nos revelam seus sentidos, em nosso esforço de desvendá-los, propondo-nos um questionamento do nosso papel enquanto arquitetos. / In this work, many landscapes of the Brasilândia District, located in the North Area of São Paulo city, are presented from a humanistic approach, in which they are revealed and unveiled by their residents, the people who compose them. Its an exercise of interpreting reality, that ends up questioning the social insertion of the architect when facing projects of urbanization in areas of social and urban shortage, and environmental fragility. From the background in Architecture schools, to attending housing demands and deficits in an emergencial way, the architects lack of practical knowledge about the populations path of struggle and organization of spaces, perceiving very rich and complex landscapes only in its problematic urbanization aspects, contributes to increasing their distance with the realities where they intend to act. We pursue the meaning and values of landscapes; we pursue to experience them in order to think them. According to the proposal of the landscape study group, in the Laboratory of Management and Project of Space LAB ESPAÇO, the people are the ones who live the landscape, who unveil their meanings in our effort to discover them, proposing us a questioning of our roles as architects.

Este trabalho trata, de modo específico, da apropriação do espaço na Vila Nova Jaguaré e, de modo geral, da forma como os processos de urbanização de favelas interferem na apropriação do espaço nesses assentamentos. Seu objetivo central é, portanto, descrever a apropriação do espaço verificada nessa favela recém-urbanizada, confrontando as teorias do pesquisador com o saber popular dos moradores sobre seu próprio lugar. Trata-se de uma aproximação a uma favela urbanizada, explorando essa nova realidade a partir de narrativas que articulam melhorias, oportunidades, conflitos e atividades que fazem parte de seu cotidiano. Em primeiro lugar, explora-se o contexto da formação do bairro do Jaguaré e da consolidação da Vila Nova Jaguaré, uma história marcada por diferentes períodos, em que a relação com o poder público, a organização dos moradores e o aspecto físico-urbanístico da Vila variaram muito. Em seguida, apresenta-se a apropriação das áreas livres na Vila Nova Jaguaré a partir de pesquisa de campo realizada entre2014 e 2017. Inicialmente, descreve-se as transformações que saltavam aos olhos do pesquisador e, depois, aprofunda-se a visão dos moradores sobre o momento atual do assentamento. Finalmente, confrontando posicionamentos individuais de moradores que situavam o momento atual entre avanços e impasses, observou-seque a favela urbanizada Vila Nova Jaguaré apresenta três narrativas principais. Ou seja, como a Vila Nova Jaguaré reúne novas condições de desenvolvimento, formalidade e institucionalidade juntamente com seus traços históricos de precariedade, informalidade, criminalidade e laços de vizinhança, dependendo do ponto de vista, pode ser considerada favela, comunidade ou bairro. Conclui-se, portanto, que, ao longo de sua consolidação, as melhorias urbanas e outras ações de reconhecimento de direitos sociais implantadas por parte do poder público não foram capazes de garantir a cidadania plena. A dimensão a que os moradores se referem como favela persiste, pois ela faz parte de seu processo de desenvolvimento,como se a urbanização da favela se desse simultaneamente à favelização do urbano. / This paper presents, specifically, the appropriation of space in Vila Nova Jaguaré and, generally, how slum upgrading processes interfere with the appropriation of space in these settlements. It\'s main objective is to describe the appropriation of space that was verified in this recently upgraded slum, comparing researcher\'s theories with common knowledge that dwellers have about their own site. Therefore, this paper is a scientific approach to an upgraded slum, exploring this new reality based on narratives that explores ameliorations, opportunities, conflicts and activities which are part of everyday life. First, it explores the context of the formation of Jaguaré and the consolidation of Vila Nova Jaguaré, a history marked by different periods in which the relation with the government, dwellers organization and physical appearance of the settlement have changed considerably. Next, this paper presents appropriation of public space in Vila Nova Jaguaré based on field research conducted between 2014 and 2017. Initially, it describes the evident transformations to the researcher\'s eyes, and then it explores dwellers\' point of view about settlement\'s current moment. Finally, comparing dwellers\' individual stances that placed the current moment between advances and impasses, it was observed that the upgraded slum Vila Nova Jaguaré presents three main narratives. In other words, as Vila Nova Jaguaré brings together new conditions of development, formality and institutionally along with its historical traits of precariousness, informality, crime and neighborhood ties, depending on the point of view, it can be considered slum, community or neighborhood. In conclusion, during the consolidation of Vila Nova Jaguaré, the urban improvements and other actions that recognize social rights implemented by the government were not able to guarantee full citizenship. The characteristics that dwellers refers to as slum persist because it is part of their development process, as if slum\'s urbanization occurred simultaneously with the urban\'s precariousness.

[pt] Esta pesquisa tem como finalidade contribuir com a investigação de padrões de apropriação do espaço. Voltado para a dinâmica entre os usuários e o ambiente construído, devido sua importância no processo de ativação urbana e ressignificação de espaços. Nesse trabalho, exponho a discussão sobre a relação entre memória, apropriação e construção de lugar, tendo como estudo de caso os baixios de viadutos, Prefeito Negrão de Lima e Silas de Oliveira, ambos no bairro de Madureira. Frutos da incompatibilidade entre o processo de elaboração dos projetos de mobilidade na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e as dinâmicas locais. Atuam como agente fragmentador do espaço, pois, enquanto apresenta a função de ligar diferentes pontos na cidade, gera ao longo do seu caminho inúmeros espaços residuais que resultam em uma desintegração do tecido urbano. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar até que ponto esses espaços apropriados, seus elementos físicos e as atividades praticadas contribuem para a consolidação do espaço como representação de um grupo social, na articulação e coesão entre as diferentes áreas do entorno. Serão trabalhadas questões referentes às atividades informais presentes nesses espaços e o entendimento de como se dão tais dinâmicas, de modo a entender o processo de conversão de um espaço em Lugar. A relevância da pesquisa está na análise urbana que compreende o espaço urbano a partir de um componente e escala mais humana e a consequente apropriação dos espaços como estratégia durante o processo de ativação urbana. Além disso, a pesquisa visa elaborar categorias de análise a partir do estudo de caso e empregá-las no Parque Madureira, com intenção de auxiliar no entendimento geral da área, a fim de motivar a subversão de outros espaços na cidade. / [en] This research aims to contribute to the investigation of patterns of space appropriation. Aimed at the dynamics between users and the built environment, due to its importance in the process of urban activation and re-signification of spaces. In this work, I expose the discussion on the relationship between memory, appropriation and construction of place, having as a case study the lows of Prefeito Negrão de Lima and Silas de Oliveira viaducts, both in the neighborhood of Madureira. Fruits of the incompatibility between the process of elaboration of mobility projects in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the local dynamics, acting as a fragmenting agent of the space, because at the same time that it has the function of connecting different points in the city, it generates throughout its I walk through countless residual spaces that result in a disintegration of the urban fabric. The objective of this research is to investigate to what extent these appropriate spaces, their physical elements and the activities carried out contribute to the consolidation of space as a representation of a social group, in the articulation and cohesion between the different areas of the surroundings. Issues related to informal activities present in these spaces and the understanding of how such dynamics take place will also be worked on, in order to understand the process of converting a space into Place. The relevance of the research lies in the urban analysis that understands urban space from a more human component and scale and the consequent appropriation of spaces as a strategy during the process of urban activation. In addition, the research aims to elaborate analysis categories based on the case study and use them in Parque Madureira, with the intention of helping in the general understanding of the area, in order to motivate the subversion of other spaces in the city.

La présente thèse porte sur des mobilisations citoyennes qui ont court depuis quelques années à Saint-Pétersbourg, en Russie, contre la densification urbaine. La transformation de l’espace urbain en commodité a entraîné une augmentation fulgurante des constructions et ce, tant dans les périphéries qu’au centre-ville. La redéfinition de l’espace urbain, conséquence de la chute du régime communiste, a provoqué l’érosion d’espaces considérés comme publics et de nombreux espaces verts. De nombreuses voix se sont élevées pour dénoncer ce qui est souvent qualifié de catastrophe pouvant mener à la « disparition » de Saint-Pétersbourg. Je me suis intéressée à trois aspects de la mobilisation citoyenne contre la densification urbaine : 1) l’opposition de résidents à des projets de constructions qui menacent directement leur environnement immédiat; 2) les efforts de certaines organisations citoyennes pour sauver des espaces verts menacés et; 3) la mobilisation provoquée par la démolition du patrimoine historique. J’ai tenté de comprendre pourquoi la lutte contre la densification urbaine constitue la principale cause de mobilisation à Saint-Pétersbourg en ce début de 21e siècle. Je me suis questionnée sur le sens de cette mobilisation et sur les raisons qui poussent des citoyens à se transformer momentanément en activistes. J’ai examiné l’histoire singulière de cette ville et son passé de résistance qui ont contribué à donner naissance à une identité particulière qui a perduré au fil des siècles, malgré les guerres et les bouleversements politiques. L’analyse des récits et des actions des résidents a révélé que la densification urbaine met en lumière plusieurs enjeux qui touchent la société russe contemporaine, comme le fossé grandissant entre les riches et les pauvres et la perte de confiance aux autorités. La densification urbaine représente, pour ses opposants, une perte de qualité de vie. Mais les Pétersbourgeois qui s’unissent pour préserver leur ville craignent aussi que la densification urbaine mène à la disparition de la mémoire et de la culture incarnées par tous ces lieux menacés. En exprimant leur désaccord contre les divers projets qui envahissent la ville, les résidents souhaitent aussi faire entendre leur voix et participer de manière active à l’élaboration d’une vision qui prendrait en compte les intérêts non seulement de la classe dirigeante, mais de l’ensemble de la population. En ce sens, les mobilisations contre la densification urbaine constituent une tentative de (ré)appropriation de la ville, tant sur le plan matériel que symbolique. / This thesis examines the recent mobilization of citizens against urban densification in St-Petersburg, Russia. Urban spaces have undergone major transformations following the collapse of the communist regime. The commercialization of public spaces has caused a huge increase in the number of constructions in St-Petersburg. The redefinition of urban space has led to an erosion of what had been considered public spaces and has greatly affected the city’s green space. In the past few years a great number of voices have been raised to condemn this privatization of public space. In the opinion of many, in-fill construction can lead to a catastrophe: the disappearance of St-Petersburg. I have examined three aspects of this mobilization: 1) the opposition of residents against projects threatening their immediate living space; 2) the efforts displayed by local organizations to save public spaces and; 3) the mobilization against the destruction of historical monuments. My aim was to understand why the battle against urban densification has become the number one cause around which inhabitants of St-Petersburg mobilize today. I have tried to understand the meaning of this mobilization, and looked into the reasons why residents become activists. I have investigated the history of the city and its past tradition of resistance to see if I could find insights into current anti-densification movements. Since its very foundation St-Petersburg has developed its own identity, which has been transmitted from generation to generation and has survived wars, revolutions and political changes. The stories and actions of residents involved in the battle against in-fill construction reveal many issues pertaining to contemporary Russian society, including the growing gap between the wealthy and the rest of the population, and the loss of trust in the political class. From the standpoint of its opponents, urban densification is harmful to the quality of life of residents. But the residents of St-Petersburg who unite to protect their city also fear that urban densification will lead to the vanishing of a memory and a culture held by all these threatened places. By expressing their disagreement concerning construction projects, these residents wish to have their voices heard. They also wish to participate actively in the elaboration of a vision of their city that would take into account the interests of all citizens, not only a select few. In this sense, citizen mobilization against urban densification represents an attempt at (re)appropriating the city, both on a material and symbolic level.

A região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) expandiu-se de forma caótica desde meados na segunda metade do século XX. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os impactos no município de Embu das Artes frente ao processo de expansão da RMSP. No decorrer da formação do seu território o município passou por diversas modificações espaciais, sociais e econômicas e nos últimos 40 anos ocorreu um exponencial aumento populacional, um caótico processo urbanização e de transformação da paisagem urbana e a transformação do espaço em mercadoria. Embu das Artes que no início do século XX era um município pequeno e de pouca relevância, se transformou em uma região de vital importância para a economia do estado de São Paulo. O resultado final para o município são profundas mudanças sociais e econômicas, transformação no espaço geográfico e urbano, mudanças nos processos de ocupação e propriedade do espaço transformado em mercadoria e o surgimento de novas funções. Para o estudo foram executadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais e a abordagem da pesquisa foi qualitativa com pesquisa exploratória. / The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (RMSP) has expanded itself in a chaotic way, since the second half of the XX century. This study analyses the impacts upon the city of Embu das Artes, through the process of expansion of that Metropolitan Area. Throughout the formation of its area, the city has gone through several alterations related to space, society and economy and in the last 40 years there has been an exponential increase of population and a chaotic urbanization process and transformation of the urban scenery, changing the urban space into commodity. Embu das Artes which was a small and irrelevant city at the beginning of the XX century transformed itself in a region of vital importance for the economy of São Paulo state. The result for the city is deep social and economic changes, alterations in the geographical and urban space, changes in the processes of propriety and occupation of spaces which were transformed in merchandise and the coming of new functions. For this study, some bibliographical and documental researches were performed and the approach of the research was qualitative with exploring researches.

La présente thèse porte sur des mobilisations citoyennes qui ont court depuis quelques années à Saint-Pétersbourg, en Russie, contre la densification urbaine. La transformation de l’espace urbain en commodité a entraîné une augmentation fulgurante des constructions et ce, tant dans les périphéries qu’au centre-ville. La redéfinition de l’espace urbain, conséquence de la chute du régime communiste, a provoqué l’érosion d’espaces considérés comme publics et de nombreux espaces verts. De nombreuses voix se sont élevées pour dénoncer ce qui est souvent qualifié de catastrophe pouvant mener à la « disparition » de Saint-Pétersbourg. Je me suis intéressée à trois aspects de la mobilisation citoyenne contre la densification urbaine : 1) l’opposition de résidents à des projets de constructions qui menacent directement leur environnement immédiat; 2) les efforts de certaines organisations citoyennes pour sauver des espaces verts menacés et; 3) la mobilisation provoquée par la démolition du patrimoine historique. J’ai tenté de comprendre pourquoi la lutte contre la densification urbaine constitue la principale cause de mobilisation à Saint-Pétersbourg en ce début de 21e siècle. Je me suis questionnée sur le sens de cette mobilisation et sur les raisons qui poussent des citoyens à se transformer momentanément en activistes. J’ai examiné l’histoire singulière de cette ville et son passé de résistance qui ont contribué à donner naissance à une identité particulière qui a perduré au fil des siècles, malgré les guerres et les bouleversements politiques. L’analyse des récits et des actions des résidents a révélé que la densification urbaine met en lumière plusieurs enjeux qui touchent la société russe contemporaine, comme le fossé grandissant entre les riches et les pauvres et la perte de confiance aux autorités. La densification urbaine représente, pour ses opposants, une perte de qualité de vie. Mais les Pétersbourgeois qui s’unissent pour préserver leur ville craignent aussi que la densification urbaine mène à la disparition de la mémoire et de la culture incarnées par tous ces lieux menacés. En exprimant leur désaccord contre les divers projets qui envahissent la ville, les résidents souhaitent aussi faire entendre leur voix et participer de manière active à l’élaboration d’une vision qui prendrait en compte les intérêts non seulement de la classe dirigeante, mais de l’ensemble de la population. En ce sens, les mobilisations contre la densification urbaine constituent une tentative de (ré)appropriation de la ville, tant sur le plan matériel que symbolique. / This thesis examines the recent mobilization of citizens against urban densification in St-Petersburg, Russia. Urban spaces have undergone major transformations following the collapse of the communist regime. The commercialization of public spaces has caused a huge increase in the number of constructions in St-Petersburg. The redefinition of urban space has led to an erosion of what had been considered public spaces and has greatly affected the city’s green space. In the past few years a great number of voices have been raised to condemn this privatization of public space. In the opinion of many, in-fill construction can lead to a catastrophe: the disappearance of St-Petersburg. I have examined three aspects of this mobilization: 1) the opposition of residents against projects threatening their immediate living space; 2) the efforts displayed by local organizations to save public spaces and; 3) the mobilization against the destruction of historical monuments. My aim was to understand why the battle against urban densification has become the number one cause around which inhabitants of St-Petersburg mobilize today. I have tried to understand the meaning of this mobilization, and looked into the reasons why residents become activists. I have investigated the history of the city and its past tradition of resistance to see if I could find insights into current anti-densification movements. Since its very foundation St-Petersburg has developed its own identity, which has been transmitted from generation to generation and has survived wars, revolutions and political changes. The stories and actions of residents involved in the battle against in-fill construction reveal many issues pertaining to contemporary Russian society, including the growing gap between the wealthy and the rest of the population, and the loss of trust in the political class. From the standpoint of its opponents, urban densification is harmful to the quality of life of residents. But the residents of St-Petersburg who unite to protect their city also fear that urban densification will lead to the vanishing of a memory and a culture held by all these threatened places. By expressing their disagreement concerning construction projects, these residents wish to have their voices heard. They also wish to participate actively in the elaboration of a vision of their city that would take into account the interests of all citizens, not only a select few. In this sense, citizen mobilization against urban densification represents an attempt at (re)appropriating the city, both on a material and symbolic level.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-09-27T19:00:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paulo César Pereira Matos - 2017.pdf: 4777622 bytes, checksum: a23d56468fcb7a0a23e11a37773f5078 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T14:22:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paulo César Pereira Matos - 2017.pdf: 4777622 bytes, checksum: a23d56468fcb7a0a23e11a37773f5078 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T14:22:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paulo César Pereira Matos - 2017.pdf: 4777622 bytes, checksum: a23d56468fcb7a0a23e11a37773f5078 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The access to housing combined with good living conditions for low-income workers manifests itself as one of the main urban problems of contemporary times. However, access to such assets is hampered by the private ownership of urban land that excluded those who do not have sufficient cash income to access the housing commodity in the formal real estate market. Thus, a real possibility of access to such goods by such classes is included in the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (MCMV) program, which, in turn, directs public resources to private construction companies for the production of social housing. In this way, the main objective of this research is to understand how the State and private capital through the current public policy of social housing contribute to the segregation and fragmentation of low-income families, having as object of empirical analysis the Maria Amélia II located on the shores of the urban space in the city of Catalão (GO). The methodological procedures adopted in this research are based on theoretical research, with the objective of constructing a discussion about the production and reproduction of urban space in the capitalist city, discussing the issue of private ownership of urban land and housing produced through housing programs for low-income classes. Documentary research is also used to understand the production process of the residential area studied, as well as the guidelines that govern the band 1 of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (MCMV) program. Finally, through the implementation of the field research through the application of the questionnaires with the beneficiary inhabitants, it was possible to understand some of the challenges of appropriating this new space created by the State and directed to the less favored workers. From the present research, it is possible to glimpse the reinforcement of the phenomenon of socio-spatial segregation in the urban scenario of the city of Catalão, since the MCMV program consolidates the suburb of the cities, such as low-income housing classes. Therefore, it is noted that the role that the program plays for these families goes beyond access to housing, also influencing, ideologically and in the sense of realization due to access to housing where the challenges of appropriation of space are sometimes overlapped by the fact of acquiring the 'own house'. / O acesso à moradia aliado a boas condições de vida, para os trabalhadores de menor renda manifesta-se como um dos principais problemas urbanos da contemporaneidade. Entretanto, o acesso a tal bem é dificultado em decorrência da propriedade privada da terra urbana que excluí aqueles que não possuem renda monetária suficiente para acessar a mercadoria habitação no mercado imobiliário formal. Com isto, uma possibilidade real de acesso a tal bem por parte de tais classes, figura no programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (MCMV) que, por sua vez, direciona recursos públicos à empresas privadas de construção civil para a produção de habitação de interesse social. Nesse caminhar, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo principal compreender como o Estado e o capital privado através da atual política pública de habitação social, contribuem na segregação e fragmentação das famílias de baixa renda, tendo como objeto empírico de análise, o residencial Maria Amélia II localizado nas ‘franjas’ do espaço urbano na cidade de Catalão (GO). Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados na realização da presente pesquisa, baseiam-se na pesquisa teórica, visando a construção de uma discussão acerca da produção e reprodução do espaço urbano na cidade capitalista, discutindo a questão da propriedade privada da terra urbana e a moradia produzida através de programas habitacionais para as classes de baixa renda. Utiliza-se ainda de pesquisa documental com vistas a entender o processo de produção do residencial ora em estudo, bem como as diretrizes que regem a Faixa 1 de financiamento do programa MCMV. Por fim, com a realização da pesquisa de campo através da aplicação dos questionários com os moradores beneficiários, foi possível entender um pouco dos desafios de apropriação desse novo espaço criado pelo Estado e direcionado aos trabalhadores menos abastados. A partir da presente pesquisa, é possível vislumbrar o reforço do fenômeno da segregação socioespacial no cenário urbano da cidade de Catalão haja que vista que o programa MCMV consolida a periferia das cidades, como o local de moradias das classes de menor renda. Portanto, nota-se que o papel que o programa desempenha para tais famílias vai além do acesso à moradia, influenciando também, no aspecto ideológico e no sentimento de realização devido o acesso à mercadoria habitação onde os desafios de apropriação do espaço são, por vezes, sobrepostos pelo fato de aquisição da ‘casa própria’.

A região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) expandiu-se de forma caótica desde meados na segunda metade do século XX. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os impactos no município de Embu das Artes frente ao processo de expansão da RMSP. No decorrer da formação do seu território o município passou por diversas modificações espaciais, sociais e econômicas e nos últimos 40 anos ocorreu um exponencial aumento populacional, um caótico processo urbanização e de transformação da paisagem urbana e a transformação do espaço em mercadoria. Embu das Artes que no início do século XX era um município pequeno e de pouca relevância, se transformou em uma região de vital importância para a economia do estado de São Paulo. O resultado final para o município são profundas mudanças sociais e econômicas, transformação no espaço geográfico e urbano, mudanças nos processos de ocupação e propriedade do espaço transformado em mercadoria e o surgimento de novas funções. Para o estudo foram executadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais e a abordagem da pesquisa foi qualitativa com pesquisa exploratória. / The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (RMSP) has expanded itself in a chaotic way, since the second half of the XX century. This study analyses the impacts upon the city of Embu das Artes, through the process of expansion of that Metropolitan Area. Throughout the formation of its area, the city has gone through several alterations related to space, society and economy and in the last 40 years there has been an exponential increase of population and a chaotic urbanization process and transformation of the urban scenery, changing the urban space into commodity. Embu das Artes which was a small and irrelevant city at the beginning of the XX century transformed itself in a region of vital importance for the economy of São Paulo state. The result for the city is deep social and economic changes, alterations in the geographical and urban space, changes in the processes of propriety and occupation of spaces which were transformed in merchandise and the coming of new functions. For this study, some bibliographical and documental researches were performed and the approach of the research was qualitative with exploring researches.