Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3989_1.pdf: 417723 bytes, checksum: fa80980d60d8fa64ca8fde1bb6076ba0 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Entre os séculos XIX e XX, a sociedade argentina vivenciou um período de mudanças em diversos setores. Dentro das praticas culturais, a modernidade proporcionou a diminuição do analfabetismo, mudanças na estrutura dos jornais e revistas (que agora também eram lidos pelas massas urbanas) e a profissionalização do ato de escrever poemas e romances. No entanto, estas alterações não afetavam de maneira igual aos homens e mulheres. Entre estas, poucas tinham acesso a universidade, suas leituras eram vigiadas e escrever ainda era um ato que colocaria em perigo a honra da mulher. Apesar destas dificuldades, alguns nomes femininos começaram a surgir: Victoria Ocampo, Nydia Lamarque, Norah Lange e Alfonsina Storni. Nossa pesquisa tem como foco a poesia de Alfonsina Storni, por conta de sua capacidade de transgressão. Membro de uma família de imigrantes arruinados, Storni lutou contra as adversidades econômicas e conseguiu se formar como professora. Feminista confessa, criou sozinha seu filho na cidade de Buenos Aires, onde começou a escrever versos e crônicas que denunciavam as injustiças sexogenêricas do patriarcalismo. Na vertente de combate de sua obra poética podemos ler o chamado da modernidade e do feminismo para uma consciência mais ampla das mulheres, suas conquistas de trabalho, sua presença no espaço público e as alterações no lar. Ainda podemos encontrar na poesia de Storni uma expressão nova do erotismo feminino dentro da literatura argentina. Na sua poesia, fala abertamente do desejo carnal, do amor livre, gravidez, menopausa e inversão dos papéis usuais na conquista amorosa. Por sua ousadia foi vítima de vários preconceitos e sua obra permaneceu negligenciada durante décadas. Alguns estudos estão sendo feitos por pesquisadoras na Argentina e EUA, mas ainda não podemos encontrar um estudo mais aprofundado de sua obra poética

M.A. (Afrikaans) / The purpose of this dissertation is to give a Iinguistic and sociolinguistic description of the Afrikaans spoken in the Argentine, henceforth AFR A. The study was undertaken to complement the numerous studies already done of local varieties of Afrikaans as well as the brief study of Strydom (1963) of the Afrikaans spoken by the Angolan "trekkers" who left South Africa before the standardization of Afrikaans. In this study the typologies for the classification of language classification are refined to faciIitate the linguistic classification of AFR A. A group of South Africans left South Africa to settle in the Argentine at the turn of the century. Initially conditions were very severe and the" settlers kept themselyes isolated from the Spanish community. Gradual acculturation resulted in the replacement of AFR A by Spanish, a process that has not been completed yet. To investigate this atrophying linguistic form, sociolinguistic fieldwork based on the work of Haugen (1972), Labov (1972) and Milroy (1980) was undertaken. Data in the form of phonetic transcriptions and tape-recordings was collected during March and ApriI 1986 while a social network was built up. The data was sorted and interpreted after repeated replaying and phonetic transcriptions of the recordings under supervision of the supervisors. Linguistically AFR A can be regarded as an unstable variety of Afrikaans. Variation of vowels and consonants in AFR A are often encountered in dialectal forms of Afrikaans. The influence of Spanish is evident in the vocabulary of AFR A, particularly in the formation of verbs that. are Africanerisms of Spanish infinitive verbs. Hybrids and loanwords in AFR A occur in particular vocabulary domains namely plant and animal life, topography, transport and communication, illness and domestic and civic affairs. The vocabulary of AFR A is, however, an impoverished vocabulary which cannot be used for scientific and abstract discussion. semantically AFR A differs from Afrikaans in that approximately thirty-five words that are used in Afrikaans are used in different contexts in AFR A. Beside numerous expressions that are unique to AFR A, the syntactic markers of AFR A are the over-generalization of ge- as past participle, pronominal repetition and the use of Spanish conjunctions. To classify AFR A Iinguistically existing typologies were refined to facilitate the distinction between different varieties of language on the basis of relevant sociolinguistic parameters. These parameters are represented in pseudo-mathematical form in a formula by which a variety of a language can be classified linguistically. AFR A is classified as an atrophying variety of Afrikaans.

Orientador: Lucia Maria Valente Soares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T08:03:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hennigen_MaraRubia_D.pdf: 5237167 bytes, checksum: aed542599585fc416f39b1014293a2e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: O milho (Zea mays L.) é um dos três cereais de maior importância a nível mundial, depois do trigo e do arroz. Os Estados Unidos da América são responsáveis por cerca de 40% do total da produção mundial. São seguidos pela República Popular da China e pelo Brasil. A Argentina coloca no mercado 2% do total da produção mundial de milho. O cultivo deste cereal ocupa o terceiro lugar, tanto em relação a área cultivada, como em relação à produção agrícola daquele país, depois da soja e do trigo. Aproximadamente 50% da produção de milho argentino é destinada ao mercado de exportação, principalmente a países da Ásia e ao Brasil. As fumonisinas são metabólitos tóxicos produzidos principalmente pelo Fusarium moniliforme, um fungo ubíquo, que comumente está presente no milho. As fumonisinas causam diversas micotoxicoses, tais como leucoencefalomalácia equina e edema pulmonar em suínos. A fumonisina B1 foi apontada como hepatocarcinogênica em ratos e causadora de hemorragia cerebral em coelhos. As fumonisinas tem sido detectadas em milho e em produtos a base de milho em várias partes do mundo. Além disso, a alta incidência de câncer de esôfago em humanos em regiões tais como Transkei, na África do Sul, e Linxian, na China, tem sido epidemiologicamente correlacionada com a presença de fumonisinas em produtos à base de milho que são consumidos nestas regiões. O presente trabalho teve como primeiro objetivo coletar dados sobre o milho e produtos derivados produzidos por um país vizinho e importante parceiro comercial, com relação à incidência de fumonisinas. Um segundo objetivo do trabalho foi investigar fatores que possam influir na contaminação do milho no campo. Os fatores pesquisados foram: cultivar, tipo de endosperma, ciclo vegetativo, temperatura, umidade relativa e precipitação pluviométrica. Visando atingir estes objetivos foram investigados: a) os níveis de fumonisinas em produtos a base de milho oferecidos aos consumidores em Buenos Aires, Argentina; b) a incidência de fumonisinas em diferentes genótipos de milho cultivados na Argentina durante duas estações de plantio subsequentes. Os níveis de fumonisina B1 e B2 foram determinados em 35 amostras de farinha de milho e canjica destinados ao consumo humano, adquiridos diretamente de pequenos mercados e supermercados durante o período de outubro de 1996 a janeiro de 1997 e durante o mês de janeiro de 1998. Durante o primeiro período de coleta, 16 das 19 amostras foram encontradas contaminadas. Considerando todas as 19 amostras, os níveis de contaminação variaram entre não detectado e 1869 ng/g FB1, com uma média de 300 n9/g, e entre não detectado e 768 ng/g, com uma média de 95 ng/g. Durante o segundo período, todas as 16 amostras estavam contaminadas com níveis entre 75 a 4987 ng/g FB1, com uma média de 844 ng/g e entre não detectado e 1818 ng/g FB2, com uma média de 304 ng/g. Os níveis de FB1 e FB2 nas amostras coletadas durante janeiro de 1998 foram significativamente mais elevadas que nas amostras coletadas durante o período de outubro de 1996 a janeiro de 1997. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre amostras com marcas ou comercializadas à granel em termos de níveis de fumonisinas. A ocorrência de fumonsinas 81 e 82 foi investigada em 37 híbridos de ciclo normal e 29 de ciclo intermediário cultivados em Junin e 42 híbridos de ciclo normal e 32 de ciclo intermediário cultivados em Pergamino, durante os períodos de outubro de 1995 a abril de 1996 e outubro de 1996 a abril de 1997, respectivamente. Os híbridos cultivados em Junin durante o primeiro período continham fumonisina 81 em níveis variando de não detectado a 838 ng/g (concentração média de 131 ng/g) para híbridos de milho de ciclo intermediário e de não detectado a 662 ng/g para F82 (concentração média de 58 ng/g). Fumonsinas 81 e 82 variaram de não detectado a 470 ng/g para F81 (concentração média de 62 ng/g) e de não detectado a 138 ng/g para F82 (concetração média de 13 ng/g) para híbridos de ciclo normal. Os híbridos cultivados em Pergamino durante o segundo período do estudo continham fumonsinas 81 e 82 em níveis variando de 66 a 11160 ng/g de F81 (concentração média de 3183 ng/g) e de 27 a 3526 ng/g para F82 (concentração média de 995 ng/g) para híbridos de ciclo intermediário. Os níveis de contaminação variaram de 499 a 10791 ng/g para F81 (concentração média de 3846 ng/g) e de 87 a 4597 ng/g para FB2 (concentração média de 1166 ng/g) para híbridos com ciclo normal. Quarenta e quatro híbridos foram plantados durante ambos os períodos. Nenhuma correlação foi encontrada entre os níveis de fumonisinas e tipo de endosperma, tipo de hibridização e ciclo vegetativo. Os níveis de fumonisinas assim como a humidade relativa média mensal foram significativamente diferentes de um período de cultivo para outro, porém o mesmo não ocorreu com a temperatura média mensal e o índice pluviométrico mensal / Abstract: Com, or maize (Zea mays L.), is the world third leading cereal crop, after wheat and rice. The United States produces nearly 40% of the total world production. The next largest comproducing countries are the People's Republic of China and Brazil. Argentinean com accounts for 2 percent of the total world production. In Argentina com occupies a third of the cultivated area and ranks third among cereals, after soybean and wheat. About 50% of Argentinean com is destined to export markets, mainly Asian countries and Brazil. Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme, which occurs widely in com. They cause mycotoxicosis in animais, such as equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. Fumonisin B1 has been showed to be hepatocarcinogenic to rats. Fumonisins appear to be endemic in com and have been detected in a wide array of com-based products. In addition, the high incidence of human esophageal cancer in certain parts of the world, such as in Transkei, South Africa, and in Linxian, China, has been correlated with fumonisins presence in the food consumed locally. The first aim of the present work was to collect data on fumonisins incidence on com and com products produced by a neibouring country which is also an important Brazilian commercial partner. A second objective was to investigate possible factors responsible for fumonisins production in the field. The factors chosen were: cultivar, endosperm type, vegetative cycle length, temperature , relative humidity, and rainfall. With these objectives in mind (a) Fumonisin levels were investigated in com products offered to consumers in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and (b) Maize genotypes grown in Argentina during two consecutive growing seasons were examined for the incidence of fumonisins. Fumonisins B1 and B2 were determined in 35 samples of com flour and com grits destined to human consumption and purchased directly from Buenos Aires food shops and supermarkets during October 1996 to January 1997 and during the month of January 1998. During the first period of sample collecting, 16 out of 19 samples were found contaminated. Considering ali 19 samples contamination levels were between not detected and 1860 ng/g FB1, with an average of 300 ng/g, and from not detected to 768 ng/g FB2, with an average of 95 ng/g. During the second period ali 16 samples were found contaminanted with levels ranging from 75 to 4987 ng/g FB1, with an average of 844 ng/g, and from not detected to 1818 ng/g FB2, with an average of 304 ng/g. The levels of FB1 and FB2 in the samples collected during January 1998 were significatively higher than the samples collected during the period of October 1996 to January 1997. No signifficative difference was found in terms of fumonisins levels between the branded and the unbranded samples. The natural occurrence of fumonisin 81 (F81) and fumonisin 82 (F82) has been investigated in 37 full cycle hybrids and 29 intermediate cycle hibrids grown in Junin, and 42 full cycle hybrids and 32 intermediate cycle hybrids grown in Pergamino during the growing season of October 1995 to April 1996 and the growing season of October 1996 to Apri11997, respectively. The maize hybrids grown in Junin during the first season contained fumonisin 81 at levels ranging from not detected to 838 ng/g (mean concentration 131 ng/g) for intermediate cycle maize hybrids and from not detected to 662 ng/g for F82 (mean concentration 58 ng/g). Fumonisins 81 and 82 ranged from not detected to 470 ng/g for F81 (mean concentration of 62 ng/g) and from not detected to 138 ng/g for F82 (mean concentration of 13 ng/g) for full cycle maize hybrids. The maize hybrids grown in Pergamino during the second season contained fumonisins 81 and 82 at levels ranging from 66 to 11160 ng/g for F81 (mean concentration of 3183 ng/g) and from 27 to 3526 ng/g for F82 (mean concentration of 995 ng/g) for intermediate cycle maize hybrids. The levels of contamination ranged from 499 to 10791 ng/g for F81 (mean concentration of 3846 ng/g) and from 87 to 4597 ng/g for F82 (mean concentration of 1166 ng/g) for full cycle maize hybrids. Forty four of the com hybrids were planted during both growing seasons. No correlation was found between fumonisins levels and endosperm type, number of crosses of the hybrid, and vegetative cycle length. The fumonisins levels were significantly different from one growing season to the other as was the average monthly relative humidity but not the average monthly temperature and the total monthly rainfall / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

Caitlin Andrews-Lee es Profesora del Departamento de Política y Administración Pública en Ryerson. Es PhD en Government por la Universidad de Texas en Austin, y fue postdoctoral fellow en el Center for Inter-American Policy and Research de Tulane University. Ha publicado en prestigiosos journals como Political Research Quarterly, Comparative Politics, Comparative Political Studies, y Journal of Politics in Latin America.

No description available.

Las enfermedades virales constituyen uno de los principales factores limitantes del cultivo de Lilium spp. Los virus más comunmente encontrados en Lilium spp. en diferentes países son Lily symptomless virus (LSV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV) y Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar la presencia de LSV, LMoV y CMV en Lilium en Argentina, y en el caso de que estos virus estuvieran presentes se planteó estimar su incidencia en diferentes híbridos cultivados y localidades de producción, así como evaluar diferentes alternativas para obtener plantas de sanidad controlada. Se trabajó con híbridos de Lilium longiflorum (Ll), Asiáticos (As), Orientales (Or), Longiflorum × Asiáticos (LA), Longiflorum × Orientales (LO) y Orientales × Trompeta (OT). Se llevó a cabo el reconocimiento de la sintomatología asociada a la infección viral y se identificaron áfidos posibles vectores de virus en parcelas de producción de Lilium. Se evaluaron plantas sintomáticas y asintomáticas mediante DAS-ELISA y RT-PCR. Para esto se utilizaron anticuerpos policlonales específicos contra las proteínas de la cápside de LSV, LMoV y CMV, así como primers degenerados y específicos, respectivamente. Se pudo detectar la presencia de los tres virus. Las secuencias del gen de la proteína de la cápside (CP) y de aminoácidos de la CP de LSV, LMoV y CMV, aislados desde plantas cultivadas en Argentina, presentaron una elevada similitud con las de otras cepas de los mismos virus registradas en el GenBank. Asimismo, se detectaron infecciones virales en bulbos provenientes de Holanda, lo cual indica una posible vía de entrada de los virus. La incidencia de virosis fue evaluada por medio de DAS-ELISA en plantas de bulbos provenientes de siete localidades de Argentina entre las latitudes 26° 56′ S y 43° 03′ S, y longitudes 65° 21′ O y 71° 29′ O. Los virus detectados en órden decreciente fueron LSV (42,1%), LMoV (35,6%) y CMV (20,0%) y se encontraron en infecciones simples o mixtas. La incidencia de virus varió entre los híbridos desde 36% (O ‘Montecristo’) a 94,7% (Ll ‘Avita’) en 2006, y desde 38,9% (OT ‘Yelloween’) a 82,1% (LO ‘Triumphator’) en 2007, con una incidencia total de 64,1% y 70,7% en 2006 y 2007, respectivamente. También se encontró una variación en la incidencia entre localidades. La mayor incidencia de virus (89,6 y 87,6% en 2006 y 2007, respectivamente) se observó en Bahía Blanca, y la menor incidencia fue detectada en Trevellin (47,4%) en 2006 y en Malargüe (48,6%) en 2007. La alta incidencia de virus en el cultivo de Lilium puede estar asociada a la utilización de bulbos infectados para la propagación y a la falta de medidas de control de vectores. Para ajustar un sistema de obtención de bulbos de sanidad controlada se utilizó material infectado con virus de híbridos cultivados en Argentina. Los bulbillos fueron producidos por scaling ex vitro o por multiplicación in vitro con o sin tratamiento de termoterapia y/o quimioterapia. Posteriormente, se extrajeron y cultivaron los ápices meristemáticos. La obtención de plantas sanas fue dependiente de los híbridos, de los virus presentes y de los tratamientos aplicados. La aplicación de termoterapia ex vitro en escamas de bulbos durante la diferenciación de bulbillos (scaling) y la obtención de meristemas desde dichos bulbillos se propone como una innovación para un protocolo exitoso de obtención de bulbos de Lilium spp. de sanidad controlada. / Viral diseases are one of the main limiting factors in lily production. The viruses most commonly found in lilies worldwide are Lily symptomless virus (LSV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the presence of LSV, LMoV and CMV in Lilium in Argentina, and when present, to estimate their incidence in different hybrids and localities, and also to evaluate different alternatives to produce virus-free plants. Hybrids evaluated belong to six groups: Lilium longiflorum (Ll), Asiatics (As), Orientals (Or), Longiflorum × Asiatics (LA), Longiflorum × Orientals (LO) and Orientals × Trumpet (OT). Different symptoms associated to viral infection were recognized and aphid species with potential capacity to transmit viruses were identified in Lilium production plots. Symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were evaluated by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR using polyclonal antiserum against the capsid protein of LSV, LMoV and CMV, and with degenerate and specific primers, respectively. The gene nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the coat protein of LSV, LMoV and CMV were highly similar to those from other isolates of the same viruses registered in the GenBank. Infections were detected in bulbs imported from the Netherlands, which indicates a possible way of entry of viruses into our country. Virus incidence was evaluated by DAS-ELISA in bulbs coming from seven Argentinean localities. The areas surveyed were between latitude 26° 56′ S and 43° 03′ S, and longitude 65° 21′ W and 71° 29′ W. Virus infection in decreasing order were LSV (42.1%), LMoV (35.6%), and CMV (20.0%) and single or mixed infections were detected. Virus infection varied among hybrids from 36.0% (Oriental ‘Montecristo’) to 94.7% (Lilium longiflorum ‘Avita’) in 2006, and from 38.9% (OT ‘Yelloween’) to 82.1% (LO ‘Triumphator’) in 2007, with an overall infection incidence of 64.1 and 70.7% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. A variation in virus infection incidence among localities was also detected. The highest virus infection incidence (89.6 and 87.6% in 2006 and 2007, respectively) was observed in Bahía Blanca (38° 44′ S, 62° 16′ W). The lowest virus infection incidences, were 47.4% in Trevellin (43° 03′ S, 71° 29′ W) in 2006, and 48.6% in Malargüe (35° 28′ S, 69° 35′ W) in 2007. The high occurrence of viruses infecting lily crops in Argentina could be due to the use of infected bulbs during propagation and also to the absence of preventive virus vector control measures. The starting material to set a system for obtaining virusfree plants were infected hybrids grown in Argentina. For bulblet production, scales or scale sections were cultured ex vitro or in vitro, with or without thermotherapy and /or chemotherapy. Then, meristem-tips were cultured in vitro. Different percentages of virus-free plants were obtained depending on the hybrid, the treatment and the viruses present in infected tissues. The application of thermotherapy to bulb scales during the differentiation of bulblets (scaling) and the extraction of meristem-tips from these bulblets is an innovative proposal for a successful protocol for obtaining virus- free Lilium spp plants.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la ganancia genética en el cultivo de cebada cervecera en Argentina durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 1931 y 2007. Para ello, se evaluaron en ensayos comparativos de rendimiento 25 cultivares liberados entre los años 1931 y 2007, en ambientes ubicados en la principal región productiva del país (sur bonaerense). El rendimiento en grano de cebada cervecera en Argentina aumentó 27,5 kg de grano ha-1 año-1, debido al mejoramiento genético del cultivo, destacándose una alta ganancia genética en el último periodo, comprendido entre los años 1990 y 2007, con 84,5 kilogramos de grano ha-1 año-1. Dividiendo a los cultivares por su ciclo, la ganancia genética del rendimiento en grano fue mayor en los cultivares de ciclo largo, con un valor de 34,4 kg ha-1 año-1 (11 cultivares) mientras que en los cultivares de ciclo corto fue de 17,7 kg ha-1 año-1 (14 cultivares). El peso de los granos se mantuvo constante a través del tiempo, aunque hubo variabilidad genética para este carácter. El análisis por ciclo permitió comprobar que el mejoramiento genético mantuvo constante el tamaño de los granos en los cultivares de cebada de ciclo corto y generó un aumento en los cultivares de ciclo largo. El número de los granos fue el componente más importante en la definición del rendimiento (r= 0,88) y tuvo una ganancia genética de 66 granos m-2 año-1. Este último presentó una excelente relación con el número de espigas que tuvo una ganancia genética de 2,58 espigas m-2 año-1. Por su parte, el número de granos por espiga no tuvo relación con el año de liberación del cultivar. Hubo variabilidad genética en todos los componentes que definen el rendimiento. Los cultivares más modernos produjeron más cantidad de proteína por unidad de superficie, sin embargo, tuvieron menor contenido de proteínas en el grano debido al elevado potencial de rendimiento. La calidad industrial definida por los parámetros friabilidad de la malta, extracto de malta e Índice de Hartong aumentó con el año de liberación de los cultivares. Hay variabilidad en todos los caracteres evaluados, por lo que el mejoramiento genético posee mucho margen para continuar con los aumentos del rendimiento y de la calidad de los granos de cebada cervecera. / The aim of this study was to determine the genetic gain in malting barley cultivars released to the market in Argentina during the period between 1931 and 2007. Twenty five (25 cultivars) released between 1931 and 2007 were evaluated in comparative trials yields in environments located in the region of crop production. The grain yield of malting barley grain increased 27,5 kg ha-1 yr-1 due to crop genetic improvement, highlighting a high genetic gain in the last period, between 1990 and 2007, with 84,5 kg of grain ha-1 yr-1. Genetic gain in yield was higher in long cycle cultivars, with a value of 34,4 kg ha-1 yr-1 (11 cultivars) while in short-cycle cultivars it was 17,7 kg ha-1 yr-1 (14 cultivars). The weight of the grains remained constant over time, although there was genetic variability. The number of grains was the main numerical component related to grain yield (r = 0,88) and had a genetic gain of 66 grains m-2 yr-1, associated with the number of spikes, which had a genetic gain of 2,58 spikes m-2 yr-1. There was no association between the number of grains per spike and the year of release of the cultivars. There was genetic variability for all the numerical components. Genetic improvement remained constant the size of the grains in short cycle cultivars but it increased in the long cycle cultivars. Newer cultivars produced more amount of protein per unit area; however, they had lower protein content in the grain because the increase in yields was higher and it was not compensated. Industrial quality increased over time in the evaluated parameters (friability of malt, malt extract and Hartong index). There was genetic variability for all the traits evaluated, so that future breeding has much space for achieving increases in yield and grain quality in malting barley.

This investigation into certain elements of critical Latin American Literature was prompted by the apparent post-1980s neglect by academics of Anglo-Saxon origin to engage with the state and social class, in the contextual framework of the political economy, as central elements of social analysis. This analytical perspective of the state was marginalised by post-modernism and post-structuralism during the 1980s and 1990s with the state re-defined by contemporary globalisation theorists according to a notion of the nation-state. This constitutes one element of an overaching configuration of power relationa and networks comprising a variety of transnational players who assume political and economic roles to pursue their interests. This designation of players detracts from the centrality of class as an analytical tool, preferring to dwell on notions of power and conflict without pursuing tha analysis to its fundamental origin in a system of control and ownership of resources by dominant transnational corporations. An abandoning of the state as a central conceptual tool has coincided with changes , in the way the role performed by the university is conceptualised, foregrounding symptoms of an ideological intrusion by neoliberal discourse concerning the role of the University, rather than locating the cause. Hence the greater struggle for ideological hegemony that occurs within society, waged by the mass media, as mouthpiece of implementation by agents of transnational financial capital, and progating a neoliberal discourse, seems overlooked.

This investigation into certain elements of critical Latin American Literature was prompted by the apparent post-1980s neglect by academics of Anglo-Saxon origin to engage with the state and social class, in the contextual framework of the political economy, as central elements of social analysis. This analytical perspective of the state was marginalised by post-modernism and post-structuralism during the 1980s and 1990s with the state re-defined by contemporary globalisation theorists according to a notion of the nation-state. This constitutes one element of an overaching configuration of power relationa and networks comprising a variety of transnational players who assume political and economic roles to pursue their interests. This designation of players detracts from the centrality of class as an analytical tool, preferring to dwell on notions of power and conflict without pursuing tha analysis to its fundamental origin in a system of control and ownership of resources by dominant transnational corporations. An abandoning of the state as a central conceptual tool has coincided with changes , in the way the role performed by the university is conceptualised, foregrounding symptoms of an ideological intrusion by neoliberal discourse concerning the role of the University, rather than locating the cause. Hence the greater struggle for ideological hegemony that occurs within society, waged by the mass media, as mouthpiece of implementation by agents of transnational financial capital, and progating a neoliberal discourse, seems overlooked.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This investigation into certain elements of critical Latin American Literature was prompted by the apparent post-1980s neglect by academics of Anglo-Saxon origin to engage with the state and social class, in the contextual framework of the political economy, as central elements of social analysis. This analytical perspective of the state was marginalised by post-modernism and post-structuralism during the 1980s and 1990s with the state re-defined by contemporary globalisation theorists according to a notion of the nation-state. This constitutes one element of an overaching configuration of power relationa and networks comprising a variety of transnational players who assume political and economic roles to pursue their interests. This designation of players detracts from the centrality of class as an analytical tool, preferring to dwell on notions of power and conflict without pursuing tha analysis to its fundamental origin in a system of control and ownership of resources by dominant transnational corporations. An abandoning of the state as a central conceptual tool has coincided with changes , in the way the role performed by the university is conceptualised, foregrounding symptoms of an ideological intrusion by neoliberal discourse concerning the role of the University, rather than locating the cause. Hence the greater struggle for ideological hegemony that occurs within society, waged by the mass media, as mouthpiece of implementation by agents of transnational financial capital, and progating a neoliberal discourse, seems overlooked. / South Africa