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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Design Of An Autopilot For Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Christiansen, Reed Siefert 23 June 2004 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis presents the design of an autopilot capable of flying small unmanned aerial vehicles with wingspans less then 21 inches. The autopilot is extremely small and lightweight allowing it to fit in aircraft of this size. The autopilot features an advanced, highly autonomous flight control system with auto-launch and auto-landing algorithms. These features allow the autopilot to be operated by a wide spectrum of skilled and unskilled users. Innovative control techniques implemented in software, coupled with light weight, robust, and inexpensive hardware components were used in the design of the autopilot.
22

GPS/Optical/Inertial Integration for 3D Navigation and Mapping Using Multi-copter Platforms

Dill, Evan T. 24 August 2015 (has links)
No description available.
23

[en] QUADROTORS AERIAL VEHICLES CONTROL: KALMAN FILTERS USED TO MINIMIZE ERRORS ON INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT / [pt] CONTROLE DE VEÍCULOS AÉREOS QUADRIROTORES: USO DE FILTROS DE KALMAN PARA MINIMIZAÇÃO DE ERROS NA UNIDADE DE MEDIDA INERCIAL

MARCOS SOARES MOURA COSTA 26 November 2018 (has links)
[pt] Quadrirrotores são veículos aéreos que possuem quatro rotores fixos e orientados na direção vertical. Devido à sua simplicidade mecânica frente aos helicópteros tradicionais, os mesmos têm se tornado cada vez mais populares nos meios de pesquisa, militares e, mais recentemente, industriais. Essa topologia de veículo data do início do século XX mas o desenvolvimento em escala só foi possível após a recente evolução e miniaturização dos sistemas eletrônicos embarcados, dos motores elétricos e das baterias. A movimentação desses veículos no espaço é possível graças à sua inclinação em relação ao solo e, para tal, é imprescindível obter e controlar corretamente a atitude do mesmo. As unidades de medidas inerciais (IMU) surgiram como uma solução para esse problema. Através da fusão dos dados obtidos com os sensores presentes nessas centrais (acelerômetros, girômetros e magnetômetro) é possível estimar a atitude do veículo. O presente trabalho apresenta soluções tanto para a estimativa quanto para o controle de atitude de quadrirrotor. Os modelos matemáticos desenvolvidos são validados em simulações numéricas e em testes experimentais. O objetivo é que as soluções propostas apresentem resultados positivos para que possam ser empregadas nos quadrirrotores em escala. / [en] Quadrotors are vehicles that have four fixed rotors in the vertical direction. Due to its mechanical simplicity compared to traditional helicopters, these vehicles have become increasingly popular in the research, military and, more recently, industrial fields. This type of vehicle first appeared in the early twentieth century, but the development of small-scale models was only possible after the recent evolution and miniaturization of embedded electronics, electric motors and batteries. A Quadrotor can fly in any direction by changing its inclination relative to the ground, so it is essential to calculate and properly adjust its attitude. The inertial measurement units (IMU) emerged as one solution to this problem. By merging the IMU sensors data, it is possible to estimate the vehicle s attitude. This dissertation presents solutions for both the estimation and the control of the vehicle s attitude. The developed mathematical models are validated with numerical simulations and experimental tests. The goal is that the presented solutions give enough good results so they can be used in small-scale Quadrotors.
24

Identification passive des milieux de propagation élastiques. Application à la reconstruction géométrique des réseaux de capteurs et au diagnostic des structures / Passive identification of elastic propagation media. Application sensors network geometries retrieval and to structural health monitoring.

Carmona, Mikael 20 September 2011 (has links)
L'identification passive d'un système réside dans l'estimation des paramètres qui décrivent ce système uniquement à l'aide de sollicitations ambiantes. Dans le génie civil, cette discipline est appliquée pour le suivi de l'état de santé des structures, on parle de SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) passif. Le SHM passif est généralement réalisé à l'aide d'une instrumentation déployée en surface. La thèse s'est intéressée aux possibilités offertes par une instrumentation qui serait enfouie. Dans une première partie, on établit les résultats associés à l'identification passive des milieux visco-élastiques. L'originalité de ces travaux réside dans la prise en compte d'un modèle de dissipation réaliste, la viscosité, ainsi que du caractère vectoriel des ondes élastiques. Ces résultats théoriques sont validés expérimentalement et démontrent la portabilité du SHM passif en surface au SHM passif en volume. Dans une deuxième partie, on s'intéresse à deux problèmes attachés à l'enfouissement de capteurs: l'estimation passive de leur position (problème SNL, Sensor Network Location problem) et de leur attitude (problème SNA, Sensor Network Attitude problem). Ces problèmes sont résolus grâce à l'identification passive qui fournit, en plus d'information physique sur le milieu, des informations géométriques sur le réseau. En particulier, on peut estimer des distances et des attitudes relatives entre capteurs. A l'aide de ces informations partielles et bruitées, des algorithmes de résolution des problèmes SNL et SNA ont été développés puis validés expérimentalement. Enfin, on synthétise l'apport de la thèse et on identifie les verrous technologiques à lever afin de justifier la faisabilité de l'enfouissement d'un réseau de capteurs dans le but de faire du SHM passif. / Passive identification of a system relies on the estimation of the parameters which describe that system only by using ambient sources. In civil engineering, we can apply this technique to monitor the state of health of structures. This is called passive SHM (Structural Health Monitoring). Passive SHM is generally realised by using an instrumentation distributed on the surface. This thesis focuses on the possibility given by the use of an embedded instrumentation.In the first part, we establish new results associated to passive identification in visco-elastic media. The originality of this work relies on the consideration of a realistic dissipation model, the viscosity, and the vectorial aspect of elastic waves. Those theoretical results, which are experimentally validated, prove the portability of surface passive SHM to volume passive SHM. In the second part, we focus on two problems related to an embedded sensors network: the passive estimation of sensors position (SNL problem - Sensor Network Location problem) and attitude (SNA problem - Sensor Network Attitude problem). Those problems are solved by using passive identification which gives, besides physical information on the medium, geometrical information on the network. In particular, we can estimate the distances and relative attitudes between sensors. With that partial and noisy information we have developed algorithms solving SNL and SNA problems and we have validated them experimentally.At last, we synthesize the contribution of the thesis and we identify the technological locks to release in order to justify the feasibility of passive SHM using an embedded instrumentation.
25

Stratégies de guidage visuel bio-inspirées : application à la stabilisation visuelle d’un micro-drone et à la poursuite de cibles / Strategies for bio-inspired visual guidance : application to control an UAV and to track a target

Manecy, Augustin 22 July 2015 (has links)
Les insectes sont capables de prouesses remarquables lorsqu’il s’agit d’éviter des obstacles,voler en environnement perturbé ou poursuivre une cible. Cela laisse penser que leurs capacités de traitement, aussi minimalistes soient-elles, sont parfaitement optimisées pour le vol. A cela s’ajoute des mécanismes raffinés, comme la stabilisation de la vision par rapport au corps, permettant d’améliorer encore plus leurs capacités de vol.Ces travaux de thèse présentent l’élaboration d’un micro drone de type quadrirotor, qui ressemble fortement à un insecte sur le plan perceptif (vibration rétinienne) et reprend des points structurels clés, tels que le découplage mécanique entre le corps et le système visuel. La conception du quadrirotor (de type open-source), son pilotage automatique et son système occulo-moteur sont minutieusement détaillés.Des traitements adaptés permettent, malgré un très faible nombre de pixels (24 pixels seulement), de poursuivre finement du regard une cible en mouvement. A partir de là, nous avons élaboré des stratégies basées sur le pilotage par le regard, pour stabiliser le robot en vol stationnaire, à l’aplomb d’une cible et asservir sa position ; et ce, en se passant d’une partie des capteurs habituellement utilisés en aéronautique tels que les magnétomètres et les accéléromètres. Le quadrirotor décolle, se déplace et atterrit de façon autonome en utilisant seulement ses gyromètres, son système visuel original mimant l’oeil d’un insecte et une mesure de son altitude. Toutes les expérimentations ont été validées dans une arène de vol, équipée de caméras VICON.Enfin, nous décrivons une nouvelle toolbox qui permet d’exécuter en temps réel des modèles Matlab/Simulink sur des calculateurs Linux embarqués de façon complètement automatisée (http://www.gipsalab.fr/projet/RT-MaG/). Cette solution permet d’écrire les modèles, de les simuler, d’élaborer des lois de contrôle pour enfin, piloter en temps réel, le robot sous l’environnement Simulink. Cela réduit considérablement le "time-to-flight" et offre une grande flexibilité (possibilité de superviser l’ensemble des données de vol, de modifier en temps réel les paramètres des contrôleurs, etc.). / Insects, like hoverflies are able of outstanding performances to avoid obstacles, reject disturbances and hover or track a target with great accuracy. These means that fast sensory motor reflexes are at work, even if they are minimalist, they are perfectly optimized for the flapping flight at insect scale. Additional refined mechanisms, like gaze stabilization relative to the body, allow to increase their flight capacity.In this PhD thesis, we present the design of a quadrotor, which is highly similar to an insect in terms of perception (visual system) and implements a bio-inspired gaze control system through the mechanical decoupling between the body and the visual system. The design of the quadrotor (open-source), itspilot and its decoupled eye are thoroughly detailed. New visual processing algorithms make it possible to faithfully track a moving target, in spite of a very limited number of pixels (only 24 pixels). Using this efficient gaze stabilization, we developed new strategies to stabilize the robot above a target and finely control its position relative to the target. These new strategies do not need classical aeronautic sensors like accelerometers and magnetometers. As a result, the quadrotor is able to take off, move and land automatically using only its embedded rate-gyros, its insect-like eye, and an altitude measurement. All these experiments were validated in a flying arena equipped with a VICON system. Finally, we describe a new toolbox, called RT-MaG toolbox, which generate automatically a real-time standalone application for Linux systems from a Matlab/Simulink model (http://www.gipsalab.fr/projet/RT-MaG/). These make it possible to simulate, design control laws and monitor the robot’s flight in real-time using only Matlab/Simulink. As a result, the "time-to-flight" is considerably reduced and the final application is highly reconfigurable (real-time monitoring, parameter tuning, etc.).

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