A presente tese tem como objetivo geral investigar, a partir de uma perspectiva sócio-histórica, 367 trabalhos artísticos produzidos por 26 crianças, nascidas entre 1926 e 1938, que estiveram confinadas no campo de concentração nazista de Terezín, na República Checa, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, visando levantar outras informações sobre o universo concentracionário, perdidas, esquecidas ou não tocadas pelos sobreviventes. Objetiva também investigar como contextos violentos foram assimilados por essas crianças e quais estratégias simbólicas e narrativas elas desenvolveram para tematizá-los por meio da arte. Busca estabelecer diálogo entre sua produção e as concepções estéticas e pedagógicas promovidas pela Arte Moderna, pelo Movimento Escola Nova, tendências em voga no período de pré-ocupação nazista, e por Friedl Dicker-Brandeis, professora que orientou os trabalhos no campo. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados na realização da pesquisa foram seleção e leitura de fontes escritas e análise de fontes de outras naturezas, como entrevistas, filmes e documentários. Partimos da hipótese de que esses desenhos possuem teor e valor testemunhal, sendo um outro testemunho do Holocausto, um registro poético pautado na percepção da criança sobre os eventos e em sua forma muito particular de expressá-los. Partimos também do princípio de que esses trabalhos artísticos expressam as imagens de seus pensamentos, seus medos, lembranças, sonhos e esperanças. A análise se pautou na bibliografia de autores que se dedicaram a compreender como e por que a criança desenha, e que desenvolveram suas teorias no contexto da Arte Moderna, do Movimento Escola Nova e da contemporaneidade. A análise do corpus da pesquisa indicou a presença exígua de trabalhos com temas ligados a eventos insistentemente citados pelos sobreviventes ou registrados em seus diários. Por outro lado, indicou a existência de um grupo considerável de trabalhos pautados em memórias anteriores à guerra e de outros dois grupos que têm como tema o campo de Terezín. O primeiro apresenta formas mais simbólicas e subjetivas para figurar a experiência concentracionária, que perpassam lugares, pessoas, cenas observadas e diferentes modos de representação do campo. O segundo grupo apresenta um viés mais objetivo, representacional, ligado à transmissão da experiência assimilada prioritariamente pelo sentido da visão. Notamos também que representações do campo de Terezín não aparecem nos desenhos das crianças nascidas entre 1933 e 1938. Os resultados, de modo geral, ampliam nossa compreensão sobre os eventos e demonstram a contribuição da arte infantil para a construção de outras narrativas sobre o universo concentracionário. / This thesis has as main objective to investigate, from a socio-historical perspective, 367 artworks produced by 26 children, born between 1926 and 1938, which were confined at Terezín, a Nazi concentration camp, in the Czech Republic, during the Second World War, aiming to raise other information about the concentrationary universe, lost, forgotten or not touched by the survivors. It also aims to investigate how violent contexts were assimilated by these children and what symbolic and narrative strategies they have developed to thematize it through art. Seeks to establish dialogue between its production and the aesthetic and pedagogical concepts promoted by Modern Art, the New School Movement, trends in vogue in the Nazi pre-occupation period, and by Friedl Dicker- Brandeis, teacher who had supervised the artistic work in camp. The methodological procedures used in conducting the research were selection and reading of written sources and analyzing sources of other types, such as interviews, movies and documentaries. Our hypothesis is that these drawings have testimonial content and value, being another testimony of the Holocaust, a poetic record founded on the child\'s perception of the events and in his very particular way of expressing them. Also we assume that these artworks express the images of their thoughts, their fears, memories, hopes and dreams. The analysis was guided on the literature of authors who have dedicated themselves to understand how and why the child draws, and that developed theirs theories in the context of Modern Art, the New School Movement and the contemporary. The analysis of the research corpus indicated the meager presence of works with themes related to events repeatedly cited by survivors or recorded in their daily books. On the other hand, indicated the existence of a considerable group of work guided by memories of earlier the war and other two groups which have as subject the Terezín camp. The first presents more symbolic and subjective forms to figure the concentrationary experience that underlie places, people, observed scenes and different modes of representation of the field. The latter group presents a more objective bias, representational, connected to transmission of the experiment assimilated by the sense of sight. We also note that representations of Terezín camp does not appear in the drawings of children born between 1933 and 1938. The results, in general, expand our understanding of the events and demonstrate the contribution of child art for building other narratives about the concentrationary universe.

Playsam in Kalmar AB are world famous for their design of the toys they sell. Together with their CEO Carl Zedig the goal was to find a new product for the company.  The process has far from been linear, I started off in one direction, got rejected, turned another way and we finally decided to create a rocking horse in a De Stijl style. At the same time taking consideration of the demands from Playsam and myself.Playsam’s products are archetypes of ordinary objects around us such as the car or the aeroplane. The company mainly produces its toys in wood and the stylized shape together with the blank painted surface has become a hallmark for them.De Stijl, the Dutch art movement containing artists, designers and architects such as Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg and Gerrit Rietveld. Given inspiration for the rocking horse was Rietveld’s chair Red-Blue.I, Niklas Bonnevier, have a technical background and I am shaped by that. I rather draw with a ruler than by free hand, I often think mathematically instead of in free shapes. In my projects I often work with humour and playfulness, but with great seriousity as a base.The challenge in the project was to take in consideration the factors that would affect the shape and make decisions of what was the most essential to reach the goal. Compromises had to be done since all factors could not get the space they demanded. To renounce the thoughts of Rietveld in the making of the chair Red-Blue hurt in the designer soul but the main thing is that the product works for what it is meant to. Playsam also have to be allowed to say theirs if the result is supposed to be a commercial product in their range of products.

<p>Playsam in Kalmar AB are world famous for their design of the toys they sell. Together with their CEO Carl Zedig the goal was to find a new product for the company.  The process has far from been linear, I started off in one direction, got rejected, turned another way and we finally decided to create a rocking horse in a De Stijl style. At the same time taking consideration of the demands from Playsam and myself.Playsam’s products are archetypes of ordinary objects around us such as the car or the aeroplane. The company mainly produces its toys in wood and the stylized shape together with the blank painted surface has become a hallmark for them.De Stijl, the Dutch art movement containing artists, designers and architects such as Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg and Gerrit Rietveld. Given inspiration for the rocking horse was Rietveld’s chair Red-Blue.I, Niklas Bonnevier, have a technical background and I am shaped by that. I rather draw with a ruler than by free hand, I often think mathematically instead of in free shapes. In my projects I often work with humour and playfulness, but with great seriousity as a base.The challenge in the project was to take in consideration the factors that would affect the shape and make decisions of what was the most essential to reach the goal. Compromises had to be done since all factors could not get the space they demanded. To renounce the thoughts of Rietveld in the making of the chair Red-Blue hurt in the designer soul but the main thing is that the product works for what it is meant to. Playsam also have to be allowed to say theirs if the result is supposed to be a commercial product in their range of products.</p>

La thèse propose d'examiner le rôle de la photographie dans la compréhension de l'œuvre d'art en tant qu'expérience de la perception : cet idéal, poussé dans! 'entre-deux-guerres par un élan internationaliste, repose sur la prétendue universalité du modèle psychophysiologique que les arts modernes empruntent aux sciences. Au cours des années vingt, les pédagogies artistiques se définissent alors comme une tentative de rationaliser la gamme des moyens/effets à utiliser dans la construction des travaux. Les photographies des volumes réalisés en cours se révèlent des dispositifs pour prolonger ces enjeux: s'il est impossible d'établir si elles sont de la documentation ou des manifestations en soi d'une intention formelle exercée à travers la photographie, c'est qu'il faut précisément résister à toute tentative de réduction. La thèse propose de considérer cette indistinction inhérente à la compréhension de la photographie au sein de la recherche artistique. La première partie, à travers l'analyse de l'école du Bauhaus, retrace le substrat et la mise en œuvre de la méthode psychophysiologique; c'est sur l'institutionnalisation de celle-ci, que s'attache la deuxième partie à travers l'analyse des écoles Vhutemas et de ! 'institut de Léningrad dirigé par Malevitch. Dès 1925 les élèves manipulent de plus en plus des petits appareils et la dimension poïétique de l'œuvre sur la quelle insiste toute la pédagogie est déplacée dans la prise ou dans les agencements scénographiques et éditoriaux. Si la photographie continue d'être comprise par les artistes comme un procédé de mise en jeu de la perception, au début des années trente les discours la réduisant à un outil de transparence connaissent une large diffusion. / The thesis proposes to examine the role of photography in the understanding of the work of art as an experience of perception : driven in the interwar period by an intemationalist impulse, this ideal stand on the supposed universality of psychophysiological mode! that modem arts borrow from science. During the twenties, artistic pedagogy is then defined as an attempt to rationalize the range of means / effects to use in constructing the work. The photographs of the volumes achieved in classes turn out to be a device for extending these issues: as far as it is impossible to establish if they arc a documentation or a demonstration in itsclf of a formai intention through photography, we must resist any attempt to reduction. The thesis proposes to consider this Jack of distinction as inherent to the understanding of photography in artistic rescarch. The first part, through the analysis of the Bauhaus school, retraces the substratc and the implementation of psycho-physiological method; the second part deal with its institutionalization through the analysis of Vhutemas schools and the Institute of Leningrad led by Malevich. ln 1925 the students manipulate more and more small camera and the poetic dimension of the work, so important to ail the artistic pedagogy, is moved in the shooting or in the display and editorial layout. If photography continues to be understood by artists as a way of bringing perception into play, in the early thirtics, its reduction as an objective tool became more commun.

Until the 1960s there was more interest in Josef Albers as an artist. Albers' successful teaching career began in 1923 at the Bauhaus where he was eventually placed in charge of the whole elementary course. Albers' American educational career centered around Black Mountain College in North Carolina and Yale University where he was chairman of the Department of Design.This paper, in effect, will deal with Albers as an artist, teacher, and theorist. Albers as an artist will be explored by a study of Homage to the Square, the series from which much of Albers' present fame is derived. Albers' color theory is contained in his writing, Interaction of Color, a book dedicated to his students which records his method of teaching color. It is the purpose of this paper to show Albers' theory and his paintings, Homage to the Square, exemplify many principles of perception: the realization that color experience is a subjective, inward experience, the Gestalt notions on "good" forms, and the awareness that our knowledge is of the perception of things -- not of things themselves. In order to pursue such a course of study, it will be necessary to investigate other color theories, theories of perception, Albers' work and evaluations of his works.

This dissertation, The Itinerant Red Bauhaus, or the Third Emigration, addresses a movement of architects from Europe to the Soviet Union during the interwar period. These architects (who include Hannes Meyer and Ernst May and their respective brigades) mostly relocated before the war, and many returned to Europe after the war. This larger frame helps to situate the specific group of architecture students from the German Bauhaus who followed Meyer to the Soviet Union in 1930 after he was expelled from the directorship of the Bauhaus: the Red Bauhaus Brigade. Driven by collectivist ideology, Meyer and his short-lived brigade staged an itinerant extension of the interrupted ‘second’ Bauhaus. Part of the research focuses on Meyer’s pedagogical project in order to unfold the education received by the students and understand the evolution of their architectural ideas after they moved to the Soviet Union. The dissertation concludes in the postwar period in the countries where the Brigade members Tibor Weiner, Konrad Püschel, Philipp Tolziner, and René Mensch were independently active as designers, city planners, teachers, polemicists, and political activists. Their distinct professional approaches can be read against their Bauhaus origins and Soviet experience, but are not reducible to them. Shifting the focus from Meyer to his students allows the foregrounding of the point of view of these secondary characters, activating a new reading of the period studied and an in-depth evaluation of an overlooked Bauhaus legacy.

Thesis (M.Arch.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-132). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thèse (M. A.)--Université Laval, 2008. / Bibliogr.: f. 136-147. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

Diss. Frankfurt am Main : Univ., 2007.

Hochsch. der Künste, Diss., 2001--Berlin.