Работа посвящена изучению работы сварных двутавров с гофрированной стенкой в качестве элементов многоэтажных рамных каркасов различного назначения. Проанализированы существующие практические решения таких конструкций, обобщены теоретические подходы и методики расчета изгибаемых и внецентренно-сжатых элементов с гофрированной стенкой. Приведен пример численного расчета многоэтажного рамного каркаса, состоящего из ригелей и колонн с гофрированными стенками. Разработаны узлы крепления элементов каркаса друг к другу и к смежным конструкциям. В рамках исследования установлено, что применение сварных двутавров с гофрированной стенкой позволяет снизить металлоемкость реализации решения как для ригелей, так и для колонн многоэтажных рам зданий без снижения требуемой несущей способности и эксплуатационной надежности конструкции. / Present work is devoted to the study of the operation of welded I-sections with a corrugated web as elements of multi-storey frame structures for various purposes. The existing practical solutions for such structures are analyzed, theoretical approaches and methods for calculating of bending and eccentrically compressed elements with a corrugated web are generalized. An example of a numerical calculation of a multi-storey frame structure consisting of girders and columns with corrugated webs is given. The joints for fastening the frame elements to each other and to adjacent structures have been developed. Within the framework of the study, it was found that the use of welded I-sections with a corrugated webs makes it possible to reduce the metal consumption of the solution as for girders and as columns of multi-storey building frames without reducing the required bearing capacity and operational reliability of the structure.

This diploma thesis deals with the subject of slenderness bars’ stability assessment, especially in the steel structures. Before the assessment of bars in the frame constructions, we search for the influence of the computational model’s settings on the final result. The initial geometrical imperfections are examined on the model of Euler’s bar. The influence of the rigidity of girders on the poles’ buckling length is examined on the basic frame construction. The buckling lengths are assessed in the comparison with the figures we got from the statistical tables and the computational software. The influence of construction’s initial tilt and its replacement by the system of outer forces is examined on the frame structure. Three-hinged frame structure with variable cross-section member is designed then and the influence of non-linear calculations on the inner forces is studied. In the complex frame assessment, the influence of the number of parts of variable cross-section member on the bars’ buckling length is examined.

The main objective of this thesis work was to gain understanding of the principles of biolubrication, focusing on synergistic effects between biolubricants. To this end surface force and friction measurements were carried out by means of Atomic Force Microscopy, using hydrophilic and hydrophobic model surfaces in salt solutions of high ionic strength (≈ 150 mM) in presence of different biolubricants. There was also a need to gain information on the adsorbed layers formed by the biolubricants. This was achieved by using a range of methods such as Atomic Force Microscopy PeakForce imaging, Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation, Dynamic Light Scattering and X-Ray Reflectometry. By combining data from these techniques, detailed information about the adsorbed layers could be obtained.The biolubricants that were chosen for investigation were a phospholipid, hyaluronan, lubricin, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) that all exist in the synovial joint area. First the lubrication ability of these components alone was investigated, and then focus was turned to two pairs that are known or assumed to associate in the synovial area. Of the biolubricants that were investigated, it was only the phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) that was found to be an efficient lubricant on its own. Deposited DPPC bilayers on silica surfaces were found to be able to provide very low friction coefficients (≈ 0.01) up to high pressures, ≈ 50 MPa. A higher load bearing capacity was found for DPPC in the liquid crystalline state compared to in the gel state.The first synergy pair that was explored was DPPC and hyaluronan, that is known to associate on the cartilage surface, and we also noticed association between hyaluronan and DPPC vesicles as well as with adsorbed DPPC bilayers. By combining these two components a lubrication performance similar to that of DPPC alone could be achieved, even though the friction coefficient in presence of hyaluronan was found to be slightly higher. The synergy here is thus not in form of an increased performance, but rather that the presence of hyaluronan allows a large amount of the phospholipid lubricant to accumulate where it is needed, i.e. on the sliding surfaces.The other synergy pair was lubricin and COMP that recently has been shown to be co-localized on the cartilage surface, and thus suggested to associate with each other. Lubricin, as a single component, provided poor lubrication of PMMA surfaces, which we utilized as model hydrophobic surfaces. However, if COMP first was allowed to coat the surface, and then lubricin was added a low friction coefficient (≈ 0.03) was found. In this case the synergy arises from COMP facilitating strong anchoring of lubricin to the surface in conformations that provide good lubrication performance. / Huvudsyftet med det här avhandlingsarbetet var att öka förståelsen för den låga friktion som finns i vissa biologiska system, med fokus på synergistiska effekter mellan de smörjande molekylerna. För detta ändamål studerades ytkrafter och friktion med hjälp av atomkraftsmikroskopi. Mätningarna utfördes med hydrofila och hydrofoba modellytor i lösningar med hög salthalt (≈ 150 mM) i närvaro av smörjande biomolekyler. Det var också nödvändigt att få information om de adsorberade skikten av biomolekyler. Det åstadkoms med hjälp av en rad tekniker så som AFM PeakForce avbildning, kvartskristallmikrovåg, dynamisk ljusspridning och röntgen reflektometri. Genom att kombinera data från dessa tekniker erhölls detaljerad information om de smörjande skikten.De smörjande biomolekyler som valdes ut för studierna var en fosfolipid, hyaluronan, lubricin, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) vilka alla finns i synovialledsområdet. Först undersöktes den smörjande förmågan hos dessa komponenter var för sig, och sedan fokuserade vi på två par av biomolekyler som man vet eller antar bildar associationsstrukturer i synovialleder. Av de enskilda biomolekyler som undersöktes var det endast fosfolipiden 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-fosfokoline (DPPC) som visade sig vara en effektivt smörjande molekyl. Deponerade biskikt av DPPC på silikaytor gav upphov till mycket låga friktionskoefficienter (≈ 0.01) upp till höga pålagda tryck, ≈ 50 MPa. DPPC bilager i flytande kristallin fas visade sig ha högre lastbärande förmåga än DPPC bilager i geltillstånd.Det första synergistiska par som undersöktes var DPPC och hyaluronan vilka man vet associerar på broskytan, och vi visade att hyaluronan associerar med såväl DPPC vesiklar som med DPPC bilager. Genom att kombinera dessa två komponenter uppmättes en smörjande förmåga som var jämförbar med den som DPPC ensam uppvisar. Även om friktionskoefficienten var något högre i närvaro av hyaluronan. Synergieffekten här består inte av en bättre smörjande förmåga, utan istället gör närvaron av hyaluronan att de smörjande fosfolipiderna kan ansamlas i stora mängder där de behövs, dvs. på de glidande ytorna.Det andra synergiparet var lubricin och COMP vilka nyligen har visats vara lokaliserade på samma platser på broskytan, vilket tyder på att de associerar med varandra. På egen hand var lubricins smörjande förmåga av PMMA, våra hydrofoba modellytor, dålig. Emellertid, om COMP först adsorberades på PMMA och sedan lubricin tillsattes uppmättes en låg friktionskoefficient (≈ 0.03). I det här fallet består synergin av att COMP möjliggör en stark inbindning till ytan av lubricin i konformationer som ger god smörjande förmåga. / <p>QC 20141202</p> / Stiftelsen för strategisk forskning - SSF

Les objectifs de la thèse sont d’étudier l’influence de la pré-fissuration sur le développement de la corrosion des armatures du béton armé, les corrélations entre les pertes de section d’armatures dues à la corrosion et la fissuration du béton d’enrobage en résultant et l'effet de la corrosion sur les propriétés mécaniques des structures en béton armé soumis à un environnement salin. Les essais ont été réalisées pour étudier les différentes propriétés mécaniques comme la résistance à la flexion, la résistance au cisaillement, etc. Le travail expérimental est constitué de deux parties: dans la première partie des petits échantillons annulaires en mortier ont été testés afin d'observer l'effet des fissures sur la corrosion. Les résultats montrent que quelque soit l’ouverture des fissures, la corrosion démarre en fond de fissure et se propage le long de l’interface acier-béton endommagée en fond de fissure par la création de la fissure. Dans la deuxième partie, une étude approfondie a été réalisée sur une poutre en béton armé qui a été corrodée dans un environnement salin pendant 26 ans et une poutre non corrodée de même âge pour mieux comprendre l'effet de la corrosion sur les propriétés mécaniques (flexion, cisaillement , propriétés mécaniques de l’acier corrodé) d’éléments en béton armé. Un nouveau modèle a été proposé pour la relation entre la largeur des fissures de corrosion et la perte de section d'acier / The thesis aims to study the effect of corrosion on the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete reinforced concrete structures in chloride environment. Experiments were carried out in order to investigate the different mechanical properties such as bending strength, shear strength etc. The experimental work consists of two parts; in the first part small annular cement sand mortar samples were tested in order to observe the effect of cracks on corrosion. Results show that cracks whatever their width allows the corrosion onset at bottom of cracks and along the steel-concrete interface damaged zone caused by the creation of cracks. In the second part an extensive study was carried out on a 26-year-old corroded reinforced concrete beam and a non-corroded of same age in order to better understand the effect of corrosion on reinforced concrete members in flexion and shear. Impact of corrosion on the mechanical properties of steel in reinforced concrete was studied. A new model was proposed for the relationship between corrosion cracks width and loss of steel cross-section

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Mechanization significantly increased the productivity, quality and cost reduction for forests cultivation. However, it may be responsible for environmenral impacts, such as soil compaction, which is a result of traffic, mostly during wood harvesting operations. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the physical quality, trafficability and soil compaction due to traffic of wood harvesting machines of Eucalyptus sp. and developing functions to estimate physical and mechanical properties. The research was conducted in soils coming from implantation areas of Eucalyptus sp., and from an operational area of harvesting of Eucalyptus saligna Sm, belonging to CMPC Celulose Riograndense. To answer the hypotheses and meet the objectives, this work was divided into two studies. In Study I, five forest soils with different textural compositions were evaluated, determining physical quality indicators, trafficability indicators coming from the Proctor Normal test and uniaxial compression, and Atterberg consistency limits. The main results showed that both indicators of physical and trafficability were related to textural composition of soil, being estimated from these, as well as being influenced by different states of compaction. Furthermore, it was found that changing the bearing capacity has resulted in alteration of least limiting water range, which are related and, in this way, allowed to estimate the critical pressure for the plants growth. In Study II, we assessed the effect of different traffic intensities of a Harvester and a Forwarder on a Haplic Cambissol with sandy loam texture in Eucalyptus saligna Sm. stands, by determining the machines contact area and ground pressure exerted on soil, bulk density, pore size distribution, water retention curve, available water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability, penetration resistance, compressibility, degree of compaction and shear strength. Were also evaluated the relationship of these properties and parameters. The main results indicated that few machines passes (one pass of Harvester and the four more of Forwarder) resulted in great part in soil deformation and changing in all evaluated properties and parameters. Mostly effects occurred until the depth of 20 cm. However, increasing the number of passes also caused changes in the deeper layers of soil. In general, the effects were higher in the area below within tracks, but, even so, effects occurred in areas between the wheels tracks and outside the areas of machines tracks. It was concluded that actions to minimize the compaction of forest soils should be associated with moisture conditions, traffic intensity and soil type. / A mecanização possibilitou aumento da produtividade, qualidade e redução de custos das atividades para o cultivo de florestas. Entretanto, tem sido responsável por impactos ambientais, destacando-se a compactação do solo, a qual é resultado do tráfego intenso de máquinas, principalmente nas operações de colheita. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar a qualidade física, trafegabilidade e a compactação de solos, em função do tráfego de máquinas de colheita da madeira de Eucalyptus sp. e desenvolver funções para a estimativa de propriedades físicas e mecânicas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em solos advindos de áreas de implantação de povoamentos de Eucalyptus sp., e de uma área operacional de colheita de Eucalyptus saligna Sm., pertencentes à empresa CMPC Celulose Riograndense. Para responder as hipóteses e atender aos objetivos, o trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos. No Estudo I, foram avaliados cinco solos de uso florestal de diferentes composições texturais, determinando-se os indicadores de qualidade física, indicadores de trafegabilidade advindos do ensaio de Proctor Normal e compressão uniaxial, e limites de consistência. Os principais resultados mostraram que os indicadores de qualidade física e de trafegabilidade foram relacionados aos atributos texturais, podendo ser estimados a partir destes, além de serem influenciados por diferentes estados de compactação. Além disso, constatou-se que a alteração da capacidade de suporte resultou na alteração do intervalo hídrico ótimo, sendo estes relacionados, permitindo, assim, ser estimada a pressão crítica para o crescimento de plantas. No Estudo II, foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes intensidades de tráfego de um Harvester e um Forwarder sobre um Cambissolo Háplico de textura franco-arenosa em povoamentos de Eucalyptus saligna Smith, por meio da determinação da área de contato, pressão exercida pelas máquinas sobre o solo, densidade, distribuição de tamanho de poros, curva de retenção de água, conteúdo de água disponível, condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, permeabilidade ao ar, resistência do solo à penetração, compressibilidade, grau de compactação e resistência ao cisalhamento. Foram avaliadas, também, as relações dessas propriedades e parâmetros. Os principais resultados indicaram que poucas passadas das máquinas (uma do Harvester e quatro do Forwarder) foram responsáveis em grande parte pela deformação e alteração de todas as propriedades e parâmetros. Os efeitos foram maiores até os 20 cm de profundidade. Entretanto, o aumento do número de passadas também causou alterações nas camadas mais profundas do solo. Em geral, os efeitos foram maiores na zona abaixo da trilha dos rodados, porém, ainda ocorreram efeitos nas zonas entre os rodados e fora da trilha dos rodados das máquinas. Conclui-se que as ações para minimização da compactação de solos florestais devem estar associadas às condições de umidade, intensidade de tráfego e tipo de solo.

The proposed diploma thesis deals with the application of methodology and tools of inverse analysis for design of selected structural parameters using a fully probabilistic analysis to determine the level of its reliability. The method based on artificial neural networks is used to approximate the inverse function. The inverse analysis was carried out in two ways that differs in the method of obtaining reliability indicators. The structure analyzed in this work was an existing bridge. The year of construction is estimated approximately between the years 1955 to 1960. The bridge is located close to the Uherský Ostroh. It is a one-piece concrete slab made of MPD3 and MPD4 girders post-tensioned by tendons. Based on the 2006 and 2007 diagnostic surveys, laboratory tests, normative regulations and recommendations and, last but not least, sensitivity analyses, an inverse design of selected design parameters was performed for required limit states. Various load levels, different alternatives of design parameters and different neural network structures were studied.

This thesis deals with building survey of bridge register number 43-011 located near Česká. The part of thesis is literary reaserch dealing with system of management and cotrol of road bridges, precast bridge contructions made with DS-C type girgers and about general diagnostical methods. The practical section contains of in situ diagnostical survey and bridge inspection, laboratory evaluation and comparision, load bearing capacity calculation and suggestion of potencional technical precautions.

The master thesis consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part jet-grouting technology is described briefly. Mechanical properties of jet-grouted piles were characterized. Various estimation methods of ultimate pile bearing capacity are described in this thesis – analytical calculation of ultimate bearing capacity for bored piles and estimation of ultimate pile bearing capacity by analysis of load-displacement curve defined by CHIN (1970; 1972). Load transfer method for piles and hyperbolic load-transfer curve are introduced. As a part of the load-trasfer method analysis, a method of estimating ultimate pile shaft friction called beta method is defined. In the practical part were evaluated several static load tests of jet-grouted piles and were constructed their load-displacemnt curves. Then reverse analysis of the results from static load tests was performed using load-transfer method. Then ultimate pile bearing capacity was estimated using analytical calculation of pile bearing capacity for bored piles and using analysis of load-displacement curve with method by CHIN (1970; 1972). By evaluation of load transfer method and beta method ultimate shaft resistence for each pile was estimated. Results and load-displacement curves were compared.

The goal of the project is a static provision design of Drnovice castle. This castle (today a municipal office and a restaurant) is violated by vertical cracks. There is a significant horizontal displacement vector. That’s why horizontal prestress redevelopment (using prestressed cables) was chosen. A drawing documentation is an integral part of the project.

The diploma thesis is aimed for design and assessment main load bearing elements of a apart-ment building on the ultimate and serviceability limit state. Assessed parts of construction are reinforced concrete slab over the second floor, column and shear wall in the first floor, stairway slab and foundation pad. The elements are assessed in a structural design report according valid standard. There is created drawings. Internal forces are calculated using software Scia Engineer, where is modeled and loaded the construction.