In recent years, with advances in medical treatment, the demand of medical beauty market has increased year by year. With the continuous innovation of nanotechnology, medical technology with nanometer level is becoming the one of the most important issue of the development of medical biotechnology in recent years. In order to make the products effective, the products have to be transported into the human skin. In traditional medical treatments, the devices of contacting type or invading type were adopted, and might cause some infected problems. To avoid these situations, some medical companies have developing the non-contact type device¡Ð gene gun. This device use nitrogen as motive force to atomize the thin film of the injection products, then delivering these products to derma. This research utilizes computational fluid dynamics software to build the FEM simulation model of Venturi tube inside of a gene gun. Then, analyzing the speed and atomization of fluid which inside or outside of Venturi tube. A FEM simulated mechanism for the atomization of multiphase flow was constructed in this research successfully. The effects of variations of some geometric parameters of Venturi tube on the atomization of thin film were studied also. The obtained results can shorten cost and time in relevant development.

Abstract As the society and economy changed over time, people¡¦s quality of living has been imporving. The demands of beauty business, health industry and leisure products is therefore increasing. This trend not only promots rapid development of service industry, but also encourages people to purchase SPA products to release from pressure and follow the fashion. Besides, with the increase of female customers¡¦ consuming power and their consumption demands in beauty products, the scale of SPA business has been expanding. Female customers therefore have more choices when purchasing leisure products and service. This study takes the perspective of femal customers, aiming at exploring consum motivation, cosuming power and cosuming desire. The study also to predict the SPA trends of linking chiness medicatoin with SPA service, testing if female customers¡¦ consuming behavior would correspond to the combination of health, leisure and medicine. It is hope to propose some strategies to SPA business and leisure markets. After surveying 197 female customers, it is found that the determinants of purchasing SPA producst in Chinese medication clinic are few. Only the facts of belief in Chinese medication and previous experiences in purchasing SPA goods and services have significant relationship with consum motivation in buying SPA service. Other variables such as demographics, SPA service, SPA facilities and so on have no significant relationship with female customers¡¦ consum motivation in SPA goods. Keywords : female customer, Spa, beauty business, Chinese medication, leisure business, management strategy.

This thesis aims to investigate women&amp / #8217 / s double-way relation to consumption, as both consumers and commodities. The major goal of the study is to examine the historical construction of women as pimary consuming class and how this relationship of women to consumption has evolved through time. Moreover, it is claimed that display of women as visual objects of male gaze in visual iconography, ideologies of beauty and body politics on women&amp / #8217 / s appearances resulted in commodification of women in the modern consumer culture. Additionally, a brief analysis of Turkish print advertisements for the period 1930-1970 is attempted with a view to demonstrating how Turkish middle-class women have been incorporated into newly emerging consumer culture and how this integration process has been perceived by advertisers.

In this dissertation, focusing on the problem of &ldquo / aesthetic form&rdquo / and its relation to the distinction between natural and artistic beauty, it is argued that the Japanese philosopher Kitar

This thesis aims to interpret the elements of beauty and art in the marriages portrayed in Geoffrey Chaucer¡¦s Canterbury Tales by means of St. Thomas Aquinas¡¦s theory of beauty and that of art. St. Thomas asserts that beauty consists of three elements: proportion, clarity and integrity, and that art imitates and denotes production. I take beauty and art as the crucial concepts and use analogy as the inquiring tool to examine the imaginary domain between beauty and art as applied to marriage, meanwhile investigating the implied language of intercommunication between aesthetics and marriage. Marriage is taken as a representation of beauty; its different forms and contents portrayed in Chaucer¡¦s various tales will be analyzed so as to see to what extent they reflect and diverge from medieval aesthetic sensitivity and how aesthetic theory can be adopted to interpret medieval marriage. In Chapter One, the theory of ¡§proportion¡¨ is applied to the various forms of marriage depicted in the Tales to explore how the marriage of the nobility and that of the commoners will correspond to this element of beauty, as portrayed in ¡§The Clerk¡¦s Tale,¡¨ ¡§The Man of Law¡¦s Tale,¡¨ ¡§The Second Nun¡¦s Tale,¡¨ ¡§The Franklin¡¦s Tale,¡¨ ¡§The Merchant¡¦s Tale,¡¨ ¡§The Miller¡¦s Tale,¡¨ ¡§The Wife of Bath¡¦s Prologue¡¨ and her tale. Chapter Two examines the roles the variants of ¡§clarity,¡¨ that is, physical and spiritual beauty, play in marriage, and a debate on the coexistence and non-coexistence of physical and spiritual beauty of a wife among the pilgrim-tellers will be demonstrated. Furthermore, in Chapter Three I shall extend the medieval concept of art to that of the ¡§procreative art¡¨ in marriage, and explore the relationship between the procreative art and the ¡§integrity¡¨ of marriage in the aforementioned tales. The conclusion discusses Chaucer¡¦s positions on the aesthetics of marriage of the nobility and that of the commoners portrayed in the tales.

In the book of Lau Tzu, there is a chapter saying that ¡§The highest goodness is like water¡¨. It¡¦s known that the earth is the only blue planet because of water. Water breeds infinite life and vitality and now it is experiencing a fatal moment due to human abuse in last fifty years while the human history moves into a new era. In the current days, the most important natural living elements including water need be further purified before daily usage. Water itself is now becoming an evaporating and scarce resource in the earth which affects the life of hundred million people. China economy has been growing dramatically in past decades accompanied with remarkably improvement of the living standard of people¡¦s life and income level. The beauty treatment and spa business has been developing its market in almost every province in China. Water is playing a crucial role in the treatment effectiveness and an elementary ingredient to ensure the final result of beauty treatment. The research purposes are to fist analyze the market status of the beauty treatment and functional water; secondly, is to investigate the feasibility and sales synergy in combining these two product and service lines (beauty treatment and functional water); Thirdly, is to conduct an in-depth case study for company T¡¦s marketing strategy in entering this new mixed product market. The whole research structure is divided into three sections. Section one is to collate the available academic research report and theory including market segmentation, goal setting, 4P in marketing, SWOT and competitive analysis in forming a framework of marketing strategy applied in the China beauty and functional water market. Last section is trying to leverage, verify and refine the theory framework against a series of in-depth interview and secondary data in the market. It¡¦s still in an infant stage of China beauty treatment business with an estimated size of three hundred billion RMB dollars market in year 2010. The demand of purified and functional water is soaring up with limited supply due to increasing contamination of water resources. It¡¦s foreseen a gold mine business of functional water as a means in pursuit of healthy, youth-looking and eco-compliance life. This research result also unveils the differentiation created in the beauty treatment market by introducing the functional water. It not only brings in a new profitable product lines, advances the revenues but also improve the bottom line by increasing the economical scale. The finding, last but not least, is the integration of functional water product and beauty treatment is meeting the macro trend of consumers¡¦ perception of living in a healthy, youth looking and sustaining life. On the other hand, the beauty treatment agencies will be able to increase their competitiveness, grow the business, concrete the sales channel and win the customer loyalty in a traditional fierce competition market. The objective of this research is to provide a marketing strategy in merging two product and service markets in achieving a long term business goal. Ultimately, purified and functional water are not only for the beauty treatment sales business but also targeting the consumers¡¦ daily life in preventing illness by accessing the purified water and treasuring the invaluable water resources in sustaining the earth and lives.

In relation to the women¡¦s consumption gradually increasing, the female consumption market is becoming larger than before. In the current media, definitions of beauty image created by the media has become the standards of self-examination, it even has great influences on female consumption preference. Thus, this study aims to investigate what kind of female image the female beauty TV program represents¡H What is the relationship between the female images represented by female beauty TV program and the cognition of beauty of female audiences? And what affects the level of exposure in TV program and the life style of the female consumers influence has on the female audiences¡¦ cognition of beauty¡H This primary research expects to describe the relationship between the female images shaped by TV medias and the cognition of beauty of female audiences. Since the start of female beauty program Queen in TVBS-G on TV, there have been many fashion programs like Beautyplan, Beautyworld in CTITV, E-line secret garden in GTV, and Perfect beauty in FTV following in Taiwan. This research is going to discuss whether these fashion programs will lead to the myth of beauty for female consumers. And does the female image built by the TV media influence the purchasing preference of female cosmetic. All of these are issues this study will be discussing. This study applied the methodology of quantitative content analysis approach and internet questionnaire survey. First, it analyzes the content of the female beauty program during Jan,2005 to Jul,2007 and focuses on the female internet users whose ages are between 15 and 45. Then, these internet questionnaires are divided into four parts, including heavy viewers, light viewers, high involvement, and low involvement. According to the compared analysis of the group samples, it aims to acquire an understanding of the viewpoints of female image and the differences of consumption preference, after female consumers watched the fashion programs. In terms of the outcomes of the research, it shows the between the participants of heavy/light viewers, high/low involvement and different lifestyle, there are obviously differences in the cognition of beauty. Therefore, the exposure of the fashion program, involvement and lifestyle make a huge impact on the cognition of beauty. Besides this, the difference of high/low involvement and the lifestyle of the participants will influence the consumption preference of the audiences, but there are no apparent differences for the consumption preference between the different participants of heavy/light viewers.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-235).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 297-310). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-66).