[pt] O foco que norteia esta dissertação de mestrado está direcionado à análise das representações do que pode ser considerado design vernacular ou design institucionalizado. Em seguida a pesquisa tem por principal objetivo a investigação sobre os valores simbólicos inseridos nos espaços aqui considerados como vernaculares. Neste contexto, o espaço contemplado é o botequim. Para melhor entendimento dos conceitos que cercam esse espaço foram também investigadas as ideias de simulacro e simulação, a partir da apropriação desses espaços vernaculares e sua representatividade nos diversos contextos sociais contemporâneos. Um dos pontos abordados diz respeito à tradição do carioca de frequentar botequins e como ocorreu o processo de construção desse espaço, bem como suas características de sustentação social, que conferem a seus frequentadores um sentimento de comunidade. A pesquisa sobre os artefatos que compõem os botequins e seus significados simbólicos, que caracterizam o estilo de vida carioca, tem por ponto principal verificar como estão sendo feitas as apropriações do design vernacular pelo design culto. A análise decorrente desta investigação permite visualizar a forma pela qual os agentes sociais se relacionam com esses diferentes espaços no cenário contemporâneo, pois entende-se ser de extrema relevância para o campo do design identificar esse modo projetual realizado através de apropriações de diferentes representações sociais, como também evidenciar sua efetiva participação no cenário contemporâneo. / [en] The focus that guides this dissertation is targeted on the analysis of the representations of what can be considered vernacular and institutionalized design. Then the research has, as the main objective, the investigation of the symbolic values that are inserted into spaces that are considered in this work as vernacular. It is in this context, that the botequim (tavern, bar) space is contemplated. For a better understanding of the concepts surrounding this space, it was investigated the ideas of simulacrum and simulation, from the vernacular appropriation of these spaces and their representation in various contemporary social contexts. One of the points raised is related to the tradition of frequenting taverns in Rio and how was the process of building this space and the characteristics that it has as social support and which makes their attendees to have a sense of community. The research on the artifacts that composes the botequins and it’s symbolic meanings that characterize the lifestyle in Rio, has as the main point, the verification of how the appropriation of the vernacular design is being made by the erudite design. The analysis result of the research described above allows to visualize how social actors relates to these different spaces in the contemporary scenery, therefore, it is understood to be extremely relevant for the field of the design to identify this projectual mode conducted through appropriations of different social representations, as also to demonstrate their effective participation in the contemporary scenery.

This study explores the problem of how we perceive built space and relate to its abstract representations. In 1897, Poincaré presented the problem of space for the 20th century in his essay ‘The Relativity of Space’, in which the human body and technics in our spatial experiences were already implied. Merleau-Ponty and Don Ihde's work is based on the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and has been influenced to different degrees by Martin Heidegger. The study is presented as a comparative historical-thematic textual study. For Merleau-Ponty, our primordial perception is general, pre-self-conscious and ambiguous. It is only in reflecting on our lived experiences that we can adequately describe our perceptions. One's own body is the means of having a world that is already intersubjective. Merleau-Ponty explicates the fusion of body and soul, as well as our irreducible relation to the world by referring to studies of behavioural pathologies. From these studies the motility and spatiality of one's body, as well as habit acquisition are already informative on general spatial experiences, the syntheses of our perceptions and the unity of the world. The body-subject is the nexus of all levels of perceptions. Merleau-Ponty describes the constitution of embodiment relations (by means of habit acquisition) with artefacts that mediate our interaction and perceptions in the world. Ihde extends this aspect of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology. Building on Merleau-Ponty's explications of the body, Ihde poses a structure of human-technology relations with different variations: embodiment, hermeneutic, alterity, background and horizonal relations that transform our perceptions of the world and ourselves. Ihde's 'body one' and 'body two' are based on the notion that perception is meaningful and culturally informed. Ihde (after Husserl), shows that geometry and Euclidean space are instances of cultural habitus as an abstraction from the lifeworld. The different human-technology relations are present in our lifeworld-experiences of which built space is constantly part in the background or foreground of our projects and actions. By comparing both philosophers' work in a phenomenological explication of built space, new light is thrown on our experiences and perceptions thereof which have implications on architectural education. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Philosophy / unrestricted

Dans un contexte où les tensions liées aux ressources énergétiques fossiles sont de plus en plus vives, concevoir une nouvelle manière d'appréhender le contexte énergétique est devenu essentiel. Les moyens de production et de consommation énergétiques habituels ont montré leur limite avec l'apparition de nouveau type de pollution pour différents secteurs. Dans ce rapport de thèse, nous nous sommes essentiellement axés sur le secteur de l'électricité en proposant un outil, d'aide à la décision, pour simuler la consommation électrique ainsi que la production électrique à partir des énergies renouvelables (EnR). La simulation de la consommation électrique permet d'avoir des informations à différents échelles d'observation en s'appuyant sur une démarche systémique et typologique, qui permet de calculer le bilan carbone associé à cette consommation ainsi que son coût annuel. Par la suite, cette consommation a été analysée à l'échelle horaire afin de pouvoir là mettre en relation avec des fichiers de production pour effectuer un pilotage au niveau de la courbe de charge. Ce pilotage a pour but de lisser les pics au niveau de la courbe de charge. Les premiers résultats analytiques obtenus à l'aide des outils développés montrent qu'il est possible de réduire l'appel au réseau électrique normal à un certain niveau en fonction des dimensionnements des systèmes de production EnR et du stockage. Ainsi que de pouvoir limité les coûts d'investissement au juste nécessaire, c'est-à-dire avoir un prix le moins cher possible, grâce à une optimisation du système EnR. / In a context where the tensions linked to fossil energy resources are increasing, design a new way of understanding the energy context has become essential. The usual means of energy production and consumption have shown their limit with the appearance of new types of pollution for different sectors. In this thesis, we mainly focused on the electricity sector by proposing a tool to simulate electricity consumption and electricity production from renewable energies (RES). Simulation of electricity consumption allows having information on different observation scales based on a systemic and typological approach, according to which the associated carbon footprint to this consumption is being calculated as well as its annual cost. Subsequently, this consumption was analyzed at the hourly scale, which is to relate it to the production files in order to control the load curve. This control aims to smooth down the peaks of the load curve. The first analytical results, obtained by using the developed tools, show that it is possible to reduce the use of the normal electrical network to a certain level according to the dimensions of the RES production systems and storage.

[pt] O espaço expositivo pode tanto se apresentar de forma acolhedora, representando uma possibilidade para o visitante com deficiência visual de explorar seus outros sentidos e vivenciar a exposição de uma maneira própria, como também pode se apresentar como um espaço excludente, representando uma série de barreiras e obstáculos que o impedem de usufruir a exposição. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral examinar a experiência do visitante com deficiência visual em museus, buscando compreender a relação e a interação entre esse visitante e o ambiente construído do espaço expositivo, bem como a sua relação com as obras e as demais pessoas presentes no local. Como metodologia, foi primeiramente aplicada a revisão bibliográfica, em que procurou-se examinar questões como a relação entre comunicação museológica, ambiente museal e orientação espacial e como esses fatores afetam a experiência de visita para o público em questão. Também foi realizada uma pesquisa documental a fim de verificar as normas, leis e decretos relacionados ao incentivo e implementação da acessibilidade em espaços culturais no Brasil. Posteriormente foram entrevistados visitantes de museu com deficiência visual. A partir dessas entrevistas, fez-se a seleção de alguns museus para um aprofundamento. Essa etapa foi iniciada com observações sistemáticas a fim de investigar e documentar aspectos dos ambientes que haviam sido levantados nas técnicas aplicadas anteriormente, seguidas de entrevistas com gestores responsáveis pelos setores de acessibilidade e/ou educativo com o objetivo de verificar como os espaços lidam com a acessibilidade para esse público. Como resultado pode-se apontar a falta de recursos de acessibilidade para as pessoas com deficiência visual em praticamente todos os museus visitados. As poucas iniciativas encontradas ainda não estão em conformidade com as normas e critérios estabelecidos, contudo podem incentivar a adoção da acessibilidade em outros espaços. Propõe-se a adoção de projetos de Design Inclusivo, bem como o foco na acessibilidade atitudinal. / [en] The exhibition space can be welcoming and inclusive, allowing the visually impaired visitor to explore their other senses and have a unique experience. However, it can also be challenging, presenting a series of barriers and obstacles that prevents the exhibition s understanding and enjoyment. This dissertation investigates the visually impaired visitor s experience in museums, seeking to understand the relationship and interaction between the visitor and the built environment and their relationship with the objects and other people. The methodology applied consisted of a bibliographic review, investigating issues as the relationship among museological communication, museum environment and spatial orientation, and how these factors affect the visiting experience. The review also consisted of documentary research to verify the technical standards, laws, and decrees related to the implementation of accessibility in cultural institutions in Brazil. Subsequently, the researcher conducted interviews with visually impaired visitors. Based on the interviews, some museums were selected for further study. This stage consisted of systematic observations of the chosen museums to check the available resources and observe some of the built environment aspects pointed out by the interviewees followed by interviews with managers responsible for accessibility and educational programs to identify how these spaces deal with accessibility for the visually impaired. This research concludes that there is a lack of accessibility resources for the visually impaired in almost all selected museums. The few initiatives found are still not in conformity with the established standards and criteria; however, these initiatives may encourage accessibility in other cultural spaces. The research proposes the adoption of Inclusive Design projects as well as a focus on attitudinal accessibility.

Based on a targeted literature review, this vision paper emphasizes the importance of dementia-sensitive built space. The article specifically focuses on supporting spatial orientation and wayfinding for people living with dementia. First, we discuss types of wayfinding challenges, underlying processes, and consequences of spatial disorientation in the context of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Second, we focus on current efforts aimed at planning and evaluating dementia-sensitive built space, i.e., environmental design principles, interventions, evaluation tools, strategies, and planning processes. Third, we use our findings as a starting point for developing an interdisciplinary research vision aimed at encouraging further debates and research about: (1) the perspective of a person with dementia, specifically in the context of wayfinding and spatial orientation, and (2) how this perspective supplements planning and design processes of dementia-sensitive built space. We conclude that more closely considering the perspective of people with dementia supports the development of demographically sustainable future cities and care institutions.