Thesis discusses a current topic of decision making on most effective strategy of utilization of real estates. The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare the economic advantage of model-based strategies for the utilization of real estates, to identify variants of acquisition, lease, alternatively their combinations, to evaluate these variants through income, expenditures and equity, to analyze and subsequently to find the most financially effective variant of housing. In the theoretical part, there is analyzed the conceptual apparatus, but also the relevant theoretical and legislative framework. Further, the methodology of the analysis is stated, where is chosen equity as the decisive criterion. Using this criterion, the best option of real estate utilization is detected from four variants of real estate utilization from the financial point of view, while the cash flow development is monitored in the practical part of the diploma thesis. At the end of the thesis the advantages, disadvantages and risks of strategies are formulated and recommendations are made.

The theoretical part of the thesis includes the main characteristics of firm's accounting statements and the use of information from accounting statemensts. In the chapter called "The use of information from the accounting statements" is also availability, reliability, intelligibility and comparability of data. The last part of the theoretical thesis are the time limits of publication data. The practical part of the thesis includes the main characteristics of the H. S. O. stavební a obchodní spol. s r. o. and the firm's accounting statements. Next chapter consists of the analysis of costs, revenues and income statement in the time series (the analyse of income statement summarizes costs and revenues). The time series is from 2005 to 2007. The last part of the thesis includes the cash flow analyse in the time series.

The contents of final thesis is to create a business plan small bakery. The work consists of theoretical and practical parts. The practical part deals with the first business environment the country in which the economic unit will operate and followed part of creating a business plan. The objective of final work is on pursuance of analysis and financial plan propose an entrepreneurial plan for establishment of business.

This article examines announcement effects of 240 international joint ventures (IJVs) undertaken by US firms to ascertain their impact on shareholders' wealth. The objective is to ascertain whether the mixed results of announcement effects reported in the literature can be explained. Theory suggests that IJVs would result in differential stock price reactions due to firm-specific characteristics. Therefore, it is hypothesized that IJVs would elicit a positive stock price reaction, on average. Also, it is hypothesized that this reaction should be greater for high Tobin's q firms and for low free cash flow firms. Empirical analysis reveals that firm-specific characteristics do influence announcement effects and suggests that these factors may explain the mixed announcement effects documented in the literature.

Return on marketing investment has received attention for a long period of time. On the other hand, customers and the value that they bring to a company have enjoyed increased attention lately. Concepts like customer obsession, customer life time value, customer delight, customer equity and other topics have been researched by a number of scholars. Customer equity as a marketing concept is the latest in marketing research. The concepts purport that management of a company should be able to calculate the value added to the company by its current and future customers. Such value is then discounted using the appropriate discount rate i.e. weighted average cost of capital (WACC). This research focused on the possibility of using Customer Equity to calculate enterprise value. The purpose was to determine whether any variance between results of the two methods is statistically significant and whether or not a relationship between CE based enterprise value and discounted cash flow (DCF) based enterprise value exist. From the analysis conducted it was concluded that no statistically significant variance existed between Customer Equity based enterprise value and DCF enterprise value. It was also noted that a relationship exist between customer equity and an enterprise value calculated using the DCF model. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

The wood supply system is a dynamic and complex structure. Traditionally, key components of the system have been treated as stand-alone entities with very little regard to the performance of the overall system. The central component, the logging contractor, is usually viewed as a service provider and largely ignored. A value chain approach is an excellent tool to examine the primary stakeholders’ contributions to the wood supply system. The value chain for forestry usually extends completely across the physical and political landscape, reaching into the most geographically and economically remote locations. A conceptual model was developed depicting the wood supply system value chain and the socioeconomic impacts of a logging firm’s cash flow contributions. Financial and production data were obtained from 93 independent logging firms from 18 Eastern US States. This analysis provided 690 business years of data, beginning with the 1988 financial year and concluding in 2005. In addition, three impact scenarios were modeled using Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN) software to understand the effects of Hurricane Katrina. The first model addressed the economic impacts of a timber deficit from the landowner’s perspective, the second introduced a disruption in the wood supply system from a logger’s position in the value chain, and the third attempted to analyze the impacts of a mill closure. Data analysis showed that operating costs have increased drastically during the study period with payment for services failing to provide adequate compensation to contractors. Furthermore, no significant per unit cost incentive was found to justify expanding the scale of operation. Smaller-volume producers appeared to have more ability to generate a profit on operations than their larger-volume counterparts. Cash flow analyses revealed much of the economic activity generated by the wood supply system remained in the local community. Some deficiencies of IMPLAN appeared upon examining the models introduced in this research. Many rural communities across the Southeastern US are heavily dependent on production forestry. When the logging industry suffers, so does the entire economy of these regions. It is important to ensure that the socioeconomic impacts of the wood supply value chain for such communities remains intact.

This study uses concurrent verbal protocol analysis to examine the decision processes of lenders as they evaluate the financial information of a loan applicant. Of specific interest is the lenders' use of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board No. 95 (FAS 95), Statement of Cash Flows, in that decision process.

The purpose of this thesis is to look at how the two widely used valuation approaches Free Cash Flow to Firm and Relative valuation can contribute to the explanation of market prices of shares. The study also aims to investigate if it is possible to find any significant differences between industries, while using the two valuation methods. There are a large number of models that are used to value assets and corporations, which have been used for a long time in the banking sector and similar contexts. It is widely known that a single valuation method or model which could predict a future stock price is hard to find or might even not exist. The study uses a quantitative method, in which we evaluated 36 Swedish companies, to be able to draw conclusions about the two valuation approaches. Our results suggest that the calculated prices obtained from the two methods correlate with the market price of the share, and that the result differ between different industries.

Background: In an inefficient market, the intrinsic value of an asset may not be equal to its true market value. Therefore, before engaging in a stock transaction, both the seller and the buyer would want to know the intrinsic value of the stock as neither would want to lose money during the process. An effective valuation model enabling investors to efficiently determine firm values is therefore considered to be a crucial factor. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the free cash flow to equity (FCFE) approach and the dividend discount model (DDM) on 30 Swedish companies. This to conclude if they are considered to be accurate valuation models and to determine if one of the methods gives a more accurate estimation of the companies’ share prices than the other. Additionally, the report will examine if one model is preferred for a specific sector and if a payout ratio exists where the DDM generates a particularly realistic valuation. Method: A database will be produced to estimate share prices for each company using both the FCFE approach and the DDM over five consecutive years. The accuracy of the models will be evaluated by dividing the projected share prices with their corresponding actual stock prices to calculate the percentage deviations. The smaller the percentage deviation, the more accurate is the estimated share price considered to be. Conclusion: It is evident from the findings of this thesis that the FCFE approach and the DDM produce accurate valuations for Swedish companies. It is difficult to determine that one is preferred over the other altogether, instead the FCFE approach is preferred in some cases and the DDM in others. This depends on the companies’ actual stock prices, which industry the companies operate in and the amount the companies are assumed to pay out as dividends.

Nyckelord: Kassaflödesanalys, kassaflöde, likviditetsplanering, likviditetsbudget, likviditetsprognos, likviditet och nyckeltal. Frågeställning: Hur och varför använder de fyra valda organisationerna kassaflödesanalyser och -prognoser internt? Vilka är skillnaderna i de fyra organisationernas sätt att ställa upp och använda sig av kassaflödesanalyserna och -prognoserna och beror skillnaderna på i vilken bransch de verkar? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur kassaflödesanalyser och -prognoser tillämpas praktiskt i de fyra stora organisationerna ABB, Västerås stad, Manpower och Gina Tricot för att identifiera om skillnader i uppförandet finns. Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär då fallstudierna av organisationerna gjordes genom intervjuer med representanter på respektive organisation. Totalt genomfördes elva intervjuer med tolv personer. Data till referensramen samlades in genom sekundära källor. Insamlad data och information analyserades där referensram och empiri sattes i relation till varandra. Slutsats: Brister i metoden för hur kassaflödesanalysen ska upprättas finns då den i praktiken inte används av de undersökta organisationerna internt. Då den ändå måste upprättas på grund av lagstiftningen bör en förändring av uppställandet göras så att denna ska kunna användas mer internt. Då majoriteten av organisationerna i undersökningen gör prognoser istället för likviditetsbudget, vid likviditetsplanering, behöver forskningen inom referensramen för ämnet fokuseras på att förbättra prognosberäkningar. Studien visar på att användandet av likviditetsplanering, analys av kassaflöde, prognoser och nyckeltal kan bero på om organisationen är verksam inom privat eller offentlig sektor. / Keywords: Statement of cash flows, cash flow, cash forecast, cash flow projection, liquidity and ratio. Research question: How and why do the four organizations use the statement of cash flows and cash flow forecasts internally? Which differences are shown regarding the four organizations way of presenting and using the statement of cash flows and cash flow forecasts, and do these differences depend on the type of business? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the statement of cash flows and cash flow forecasts are used in the four large organizations ABB, Manpower, Gina Tricot and City of Västerås to identify if there are differences. Method: This quantitative study was based on twelve interviews with eleven different persons. The frame of reference was written with secondary data as material. Then collected information was processed, the frame of reference and the empirics were put together and then all was analyzed. Conclusion: There appears to be flaws in the method, in which the statement of cash flows is to be presented, because it is overall not used by organizations internally. Because the organizations are bound by law to do it a change in the method has to be made so it can be used more internally. The research of liquidity planning needs to be focused on improving the methods of calculating forecasts because the majority of the organizations in this study use forecasts to plan liquidity instead of liquidity budgets. The study shows that the use of plans of liquidity, analysis of cash flow, forecasts and ratios can depend on if the organization is private or public.