This diploma thesis is dedicated to the Statement of cash flow, its essence, methods of compilation and its use in financial management of an enterprise. In the first part of the thesis there in an introduction of the theory, which are subsequently applied on a selected group of business subjects. For every enterprise there are composed Statements of cash flow in the time interval of five years from 2012 to 2016. Difference between the composed Statements and official Statements of the enterprises are then found and explained. Another partial aim of the thesis is finding of the correlation coefficient between operating cash flow and other significant economic fundamentals. It the last part there are calculated financial ratios based on the value of cash flow on the one hand - and on the value of operating profit on the other hand. In conclusion of the thesis there is comprehensive data analysis. Finally, the link between the results of the analysis and the current situation on the market is found.

Bakgrund: En bostadsrättsförening är ingen kommersiell verksamhet och drivs inte i vinstsyfte. Resultaträkningen kan därmed inte anses avgörande för bostadsrättsföreningars ekonomiska välmående. Det som bör betonas är föreningens kassaflödesanalys som visar finansiella flöden, samt behovet att göra avsättningar för att möta framtida underhåll. Således bör kompletterande information om bostadsrättsföreningars ekonomiska situation tillföras årsredovisningen. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka om K2-redovisande bostadsrättsföreningar bör komplettera sina årsredovisningar med en kassaflödesanalys för att ge en bättre bild av ekonomiskt välmående. Metod: Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Empirisk data har samlats in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Studiens respondenter består av tre av Sveriges största aktörer inom fastighetsförvaltning, samt en auktoriserad revisor på EY. Resultat: K2-redovisande bostadsrättsföreningar bör komplettera sina årsredovisningar med en kassaflödesanalys. En kassaflödesanalys bidrar till förståelse för betalningsströmmar under ett räkenskapsår, vilket förtydligar hur likvida medel har använts. Ett positivt kassaflöde bidrar till ett ökat ekonomiskt välmående hos bostadsrättsföreningar, eftersom likvida medel kan användas till att betala amorteringar, underhåll och investeringar. Kassaflödesanalysen bidrar således till att ge en bättre bild av bostadsrättsföreningars ekonomiska välmående. Författarna betonar dock att kassaflödesanalysen ensam inte bidrar till en komplett bild av bostadsrättsföreningars ekonomiska välmående. Årsredovisningen bör även kompletteras med nyckeltal. Vidare bör en underhållsplan upprättas samt avsättningar göras till yttre fond. / Background: Housing associations are not a commercial activity and are profit driven. The income statement can therefore not be described as crucial for housing associations. However, what should be emphasized are the association’s cash flow statements that shows the financial flows and also the need to make provisions to meet future maintenance. Thus, additional information of housing associations financial situation should be added to the annual report. Purpose: The purpose is to investigate whether housing associations reporting according to K2 should supplement their financial statement with a cash flow analysis to provide a clearer measure of economic wellbeing. Method: The study is based on an qualitative research strategy. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The respondents consist of three of the largest companies for housing administration, as well as an accountant at EY. Result: K2-reporting housing associations should complement their annual reports with a cash flow statement. A cash flow statement contributes to the understanding of the past year´s cash flows, which clarifies how cash is used. A positive cash flow contributes to better economic wellbeing for housing associations, because cash can be used to pay debt service, maintenenace and investments. Cash flow statements helps to give a better picture of the economic wellbeing of housing associations. The authors, however, states that a cash flow analysis alone does not contribute to a complete picture of the economic wellbeing of housing associations. The annual report should also be supplemented with key figures. Furthermore, maintenance is established and provisions made to the external fund.

Nyckelord: Kassaflödesanalys, kassaflöde, likviditetsplanering, likviditetsbudget, likviditetsprognos, likviditet och nyckeltal. Frågeställning: Hur och varför använder de fyra valda organisationerna kassaflödesanalyser och -prognoser internt? Vilka är skillnaderna i de fyra organisationernas sätt att ställa upp och använda sig av kassaflödesanalyserna och -prognoserna och beror skillnaderna på i vilken bransch de verkar? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur kassaflödesanalyser och -prognoser tillämpas praktiskt i de fyra stora organisationerna ABB, Västerås stad, Manpower och Gina Tricot för att identifiera om skillnader i uppförandet finns. Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär då fallstudierna av organisationerna gjordes genom intervjuer med representanter på respektive organisation. Totalt genomfördes elva intervjuer med tolv personer. Data till referensramen samlades in genom sekundära källor. Insamlad data och information analyserades där referensram och empiri sattes i relation till varandra. Slutsats: Brister i metoden för hur kassaflödesanalysen ska upprättas finns då den i praktiken inte används av de undersökta organisationerna internt. Då den ändå måste upprättas på grund av lagstiftningen bör en förändring av uppställandet göras så att denna ska kunna användas mer internt. Då majoriteten av organisationerna i undersökningen gör prognoser istället för likviditetsbudget, vid likviditetsplanering, behöver forskningen inom referensramen för ämnet fokuseras på att förbättra prognosberäkningar. Studien visar på att användandet av likviditetsplanering, analys av kassaflöde, prognoser och nyckeltal kan bero på om organisationen är verksam inom privat eller offentlig sektor. / Keywords: Statement of cash flows, cash flow, cash forecast, cash flow projection, liquidity and ratio. Research question: How and why do the four organizations use the statement of cash flows and cash flow forecasts internally? Which differences are shown regarding the four organizations way of presenting and using the statement of cash flows and cash flow forecasts, and do these differences depend on the type of business? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the statement of cash flows and cash flow forecasts are used in the four large organizations ABB, Manpower, Gina Tricot and City of Västerås to identify if there are differences. Method: This quantitative study was based on twelve interviews with eleven different persons. The frame of reference was written with secondary data as material. Then collected information was processed, the frame of reference and the empirics were put together and then all was analyzed. Conclusion: There appears to be flaws in the method, in which the statement of cash flows is to be presented, because it is overall not used by organizations internally. Because the organizations are bound by law to do it a change in the method has to be made so it can be used more internally. The research of liquidity planning needs to be focused on improving the methods of calculating forecasts because the majority of the organizations in this study use forecasts to plan liquidity instead of liquidity budgets. The study shows that the use of plans of liquidity, analysis of cash flow, forecasts and ratios can depend on if the organization is private or public.

我國股市參與者向來以自然人為主，自然人所佔之比例約80%，即是一般俗稱的「散戶」。但散戶往往對於財務報表、業績、獲利能力等基本面資訊之依賴性極低，且無法使用及消化過於複雜之資訊，導致多數散戶投資者僅是抱著投機的心態盲目跟進，極容易成為公司內部人與市場中炒手不當得利的犧牲者。故本研究擬站在小額投資人之立場，嘗試由較為小額投資人熟知、容易瞭解且能直接反映企業營運優劣之「利潤」觀點出發，藉由分析損益表及現金流量表關鍵的財報資訊，可幫助投資人判讀企業體質好壞，進而能投資具成長性之企業，同時更能有效降低因投資失敗企業而遭受重大之損失之風險。 　　本研究以我國股票上市、上櫃、興櫃及公開發行公司為研究對象，探討所篩選出之損益與現金流量項目，對於評估企業經營績效與預測財務危機的效用，即判斷篩選的損益與現金流量項目是否對企業經營績效具有評價攸關性及對企業財務危機具有預測攸關性；並以獨立樣本t檢定、迴歸分析及Logistic分析，對假說進行檢定。 　　經過實證結果，獲致以下的結論： 1.損益與現金流量項目對企業經營績效之評價攸關性：本研究所選取之關鍵損益與現金流量項目均對企業短期、中期及長期經營績效具有顯著的解釋能力； 2.損益與現金流量項目對企業財務危機之預測攸關性：本研究所選取之關鍵損益與現金流量項目均對企業爆發財務危機前3年度內，區分出財務危機公司與正常公司之顯著差異，顯示所採取的變數具有差異性價值。 / The individual investors account for 80% as compared to 20% institutional investors, which characterized Taiwan’s stock market. Individual investors lack the capability to comprehend financial statements. They seldom rely on fundamental analysis of corporate performance to make investment decisions. In a stock market with the characteristics as Taiwan the individual investors are usually the victims of insider trading and market speculation. The purpose of this study is to identify certain financial items from income statement and the statement of cash flows which are easy to understand by the individual investors and are valuation relevant as well as possessing the capability to predict the financial distress of listed companies. Nine financial items from income statement and the statement of cash flows were selected for test and the results indicate that: 1.All selected financial items are valuation relevant in distinguishing short term, mid-term and long term operating performance. 2.All selected financial items are capable of predicting financial failure of enterprises three years preceding the financial distress emerge.

The aim of the thesis entitled "Analysis of liquidity and cash flow" is to analyze liquidity and cash flow of the company. The theories then apply in terms of the selected company. The first part of the thesis contains theoretical knowledge about cash flow, liquidity and bankruptcy and credibility models. It describes what is cash flow and its division. Furthermore, the preparation methods of the statement of cash flows and what is the difference between cash flow and profit. The following is a division of liquidity in the current ratio, quick asset ratio and cash position ratio. This thesis also deals with the definition of the concept of net working capital. At the end of the theoretical part describes selected bankruptcy and credibility models with calculation procedures. The second part deals with the analysis of liquidity, cash flow and bankruptcy and credibility models. For this purpose were used statements of the selected company VESAS, s.r.o. (balance sheet and statement of profit and loss). On the basis of these statements was prepared the statement of cash flows which was supplemented by additional indicators containing cash flow. Furthermore, all three types of liquidity were calculated and subsequently concluded that if the company has problems with the payment obligations. Based on bankruptcy and credibility models was rated financial health of the company.

This masters thesis main focus is a statement of cash flows as regulated by czech accounting legislation, International Financial Reporting Standards and US GAAP. First chapter describes the importance of Statement of cash flows and his value added for users of financial statements. The historical context of the statement is shown, it is stated which entities are obligated to report statement of cash flows and lastly the internal structure of the statement is discussed. The second chapter begins by general methods of preparing the statement, then so called specific items are dealt with. The solution of some advanced accounting transactions (government grants, leases, loans, deferred payments etc.) is described. In the end the presentation and dislocure requirements are discussed. Last chapter contains research, where 99 companies are researched, answers are made concerning stated research questions and research hypothesis are concluded.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aguinaldo Aparecido Goncalves.pdf: 10709055 bytes, checksum: 7b093c8603ce56830214acc0b7822a91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-20 / This work aims to study the relationship between Statement of Cash Flows (SCF) and the life cycle of organizations chart in Educational Institutions listed publicly traded on the BM & FBovespa. Initially we seek to demonstrate the importance of these institutions in the economy and their representation in the teaching of Brazil, since although they are few who participate in this market are extremely significant, given its scope and number of students. Furthermore, the authors discuss briefly the history of the entry of such institutions in the Brazilian market. Then many of Organizational Life Cycle in the literature are presented. The study shows that, although they are named differently, they all, in essence, show that the evolutionary process models have similar characteristics, however, emphasis was placed on models that emphasize the use of SCF in setting the stage lifecycle. In this sense, the work was to support the work of research Borinelli (1998), who studied the relationship lifecycle of small businesses through its financial statements, but have not used the SCF in their analysis, dealing with companies not required of preparation and publication. The study used quantitative research methodology of secondary data. Statements of Cash Flow, the financial statements and management reports of the institutions of education participating in this research, focusing mainly on the SCF were surveyed. The results demonstrated that it was possible to establish a relationship through the use of SCF in determining the stage of the life cycle / Esse trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a relação da Demonstração do Fluxo de Caixa (DFC) com o gráfico do Ciclo de Vida das instituições de ensino com capital aberto listadas na BM&FBovespa. Discute-se sucintamente a história da entrada dessas Instituições no mercado acionário brasileiro. Em seguida, são apresentados os diversos modelos de Ciclo de Vida Organizacional encontrados na literatura. O trabalho evidencia que, mesmo sendo denominados de forma diferenciada, todos, em sua essência, demonstram que os modelos de processo evolutivo têm características semelhantes. Neste estudo, a ênfase foi atribuída aos modelos que enfatizam a utilização da DFC na definição do estágio do ciclo de vida. Inicialmente a pesquisa teve por objetivo demonstrar se seria possível fazer uma análise combinada entre a DFC e o Ciclo de Vida das Organizações. Num segundo momento, o foco foi pesquisar a relação entre a DFC e o Ciclo de Vida das Organizações nas instituições de ensino superior listadas na BM&FBovespa. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa teve como suporte as obras de Borinelli (1998) e os trabalhos de Stickney e Weil (2001), Alves e Marques (2007), Málaga (2009) e Mueller et al. (2013). O estudo utilizou como metodologia a análise quantitativa de dados secundários. Foram avaliadas as demonstrações financeiras e os relatórios da administração das instituições de ensino participantes dessa pesquisa com ênfase na Demonstração de Fluxo de Caixa (DFC). Os resultados demonstraram que foi possível fazer análises com base na DFC para identificar relações com os estágios do Ciclo de Vida das Organizações, mas não foi possível estabelecer essa relação com todas as instituições de ensino listadas na BM&FBovespa

The topic of my graduation thesis is ``The Final Accounts and Statement of Balances in a Company``. The aim of this graduation thesis is a representation of process of the final accounts and statement of balances in a particular company. The graduation thesis has two parts. In the first part are defined the basic concepts which are included in the final accounts and in the statement of balances. I deal with an individual preparation work in the statement of balances for instance, a stock taking, rectifying items, time resolution of cost and revenues, etc. Further there it is dealt with closing books of accounts, tax due and deferrate tax of corporated income tax, and finally, a proper statement of balances which represent balance, profit and loss statement, supplement, eventually a statement about cash flows and an overview of changes in the shareholders´ capital. The duties link with statement of balances do not end with the fiscal period closing. The duties include audit of the statement of balances, making a record of an annual report of a company, publication of the statement of balances and the annual report of a company in a digest of documents of the Company Register and an income tax return must be submitted. In the second part of my graduation thesis is described a process of the 2007 final account and statement of balances in the Transport Undertaking in the town České Budějovice, Inc.

La presente investigación de tesis tiene como objetivo determinar si la no aplicación de la NIC 7 Estados de flujos de efectivo impacta en la gestión financiera y toma de decisiones de las empresas industriales de pinturas en Lima del año 2018. La metodología de esta investigación cuenta con un enfoque cualitativo (entrevista en profundidad) y cuantitativo (conteo de encuestas) donde se evalúo una muestra 13 empresas que pertenecen al sector industrial de pinturas en Lima. En el primer capítulo se desarrolló el marco teórico en base a información de diversas fuentes relacionadas, el tema del impacto que genera la aplicación o no de la NIC 7 Estados de flujos de efectivo en las empresas en la lectura de los Estados financieros de las empresas, enfocándonos en empresas industriales de pinturas en Lima, año 2018. En el segundo capítulo se propone el desarrollo de la problemática, los objetivos y la hipótesis que serán evaluadas con las entrevistas y encuestas realizadas, Finalmente el objetivo general es evaluar si la aplicación de la NIC 7 Estado de flujos de efectivo impacta en la gestión financiera y toma de decisiones de las empresas industriales de pinturas. En el tercer capítulo, definimos el tipo de investigación a utilizar, así como las variables para la investigación, explicando la metodología que se realizó para contrastar la hipótesis, mediante investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa y la identificación de la población y también la selección de la muestra a estudiar, las herramientas de recolección de datos fueron la entrevista en profundidad y encuesta. En el cuarto capítulo, trabajamos el desarrollo de la investigación a través de las entrevistas de profundidad, encuestas y el caso práctico. En el quinto capítulo, se realiza el análisis de los resultados obtenidos y comprobamos en conjunto a la hipótesis y los objetivos determinados. Así mismo se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones de trabajo de investigación Finalmente, tras el análisis de datos, hemos concluido que la NIC 7 impacta en la gestión financiera y en la toma de decisiones e interpretación de los estados financieros de las empresas industriales de pinturas en Lima, año 2018. / The industrial paint companies in Lima in 2018 and their impact on financial management due to the non-application of a cash flow statement (IAS 7) and their limitation in decision-making and interpretation in the financial statements The purpose of this thesis investigation is to determine whether the non-application of IAS 7 Cash Flow Statements impacts the financial management and decision-making of the industrial paint companies in Lima in 2018. The methodology of this research has a qualitative (in-depth interview) and quantitative (survey count) approach where a sample of 13 companies that belong to the industrial paint sector in Lima was evaluated. In the first chapter the theoretical framework was developed based on information from various related sources, the issue of the impact generated by the application or not of IAS 7 Statements of cash flows in companies when reading the financial statements of companies, focusing on industrial paint companies in Lima, 2018. In the second chapter the development of the problem, the objectives and the hypothesis that will be evaluated with the interviews and surveys carried out is proposed. Finally, the general objective is to evaluate whether the application of IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows impacts the financial management and decision-making of industrial paint companies. In the third chapter, we define the type of research to be used, as well as the variables for the research, explaining the methodology that was carried out to test the hypothesis, through qualitative and quantitative research and the identification of the population and also the selection of the sample To study, the data collection tools were the in-depth interview and survey. In the fourth chapter, we work on the development of the investigation through in-depth interviews, surveys and the practical case. In the fifth chapter, the analysis of the results obtained is carried out and we check together the hypothesis and the determined objectives. Likewise, the conclusions and recommendations of the research work are presented Finally, after analyzing the data, we have concluded that IAS 7 impacts the financial management of the industrial paint companies in Lima, 2018. / Tesis

The topic of graduation thesis is {\clqq}The Questions of Final Accounts and Statement of Balances in an Energy Company``. The idea of this graduation thesis is a representation of process of the final accounts and statement of balances in concrete company and adjustment of process of the change of conjectural items of assets. The graduation thesis has two parts. First part defined the basic concepts which are included in the final accounts and in the statement of balances. I pursue an individual preparation work in the statement of balances for instance, a stock taking, accounting of resources, rectifying items, reserves, time resolution of cost and revenues, conjectural items of assets etc. Further there it is dealt with statement of balances which represent balance, profit and loss statement, supplement, eventually a statement about cash flows and an overview of changes in the shareholders´ capital and include audit of the statement of balances. The second part of graduation thesis describes a process of the change of conjectural items of assets - especially not invoiced energy - and 2008 final account and statement of balances in the Energy Company E.ON Ditribuce, a.s.