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Can creative material translation reshape artistic appropriation to escape the cycle of mimicry and mockery linked to contemporary visual art practice? To explore creativity in material translation, my project has been divided into three case studies, each translating a different pattern, from a different context and material, into my chosen pattern-making language of glass murrine. In the first case study I translate a Moorish plasterwork pattern from the Alhambra, in Granada, Spain. This pattern has been copied before: a translation of fidelity printed by Owen Jones in his publication The Grammar of Ornament, 1856.1 Jones’ pattern and my patterns will be used to examine fidelity and infidelity in material translation. In the second case study I translate Paisley, a Kashmiri textile pattern appropriated and adapted by western manufacturers in the 19th-century. Paisley's history of adaptation will be examined in relation to my translation, to compare the two methods in the context of a single decorative idiom. In the third case study, I translate a stamp- printed furnishing textile pattern designed by Bernard Adeney in the 1930s. This translation will be an isolated interaction between two makers, a similar position to the critique of contemporary visual appropriation, allowing for a comparison between infidelity and appropriation. Murrine has been chosen as my material language because of its ability to create patterns with colour, depth and unlimited variation. The murrine technique involves the heating up and stretching of canes or sheets of coloured glass, arranged in designs that become very small when elongated. These stretched lengths are then cut in cross-section to form mosaic tiles. Developed by the Greeks and Egyptians, the murrine technique has been under constant development for the last 2000 years. I have further refined the technique, incorporating new methods such as waterjet cutting. I have made final artworks from each set of murrine in the format of flat glass panels, each exploring its pattern in a unique way. An examination of each artwork, its process of translation – including drawings, computer models, photomontage and other designing methods – and its material and contextual change will forge the link between making and writing in this project. My original contribution to knowledge is the exploration of a practical act of visual translation, analysing material change and creativity. The project serves as a model for material translation, questioning the contemporary act of appropriation in both art and culture. The project developed through my rejection of contemporary practices of appropriation, along with my passion for the spiritual nature of pattern and the glass technique of murrine. My theoretical framework is built around the linguistic concept of ‘creative translation’. Linguistic theorists such as Jorge Luis Borges ‘treated translation as a creative force in which specific translation strategies might serve a variety of cultural and social functions’.2 My project will adapt this linguistic concept to visual practice, investigating its relevance to material language.

Decisive moments and their fleeting experiences are born from an individual’s interaction within a defined physical space. It is here at the intersection of environment and context that my work in site-specific art begins. I endeavor to create an examination of socio-political and environmental issues through a manipulation of materials, thereby altering one’s private, communal, and cultural response to them. My installations are comprised of slip casted multiples which reference the human form. I place these forms in galleries and specific exterior locations, and incorporate materials that are charged with societal discord, such as used motor oil and post-consumer detritus, in order to still the blur of contemporary life. This allows for a contemplative pause that pulls into focus the effect of pursuing our individual wants and desires against the consequences of these pursuits on the larger society and environment.

By reclaiming and translating the use of material in my work, I speak of oneness on a basic physical level. As the body in the images slips in and out of focus in abstraction of material, the objects patiently wait to be interjected into the composition of the space as a whole.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / Despite much debate, the role played by Late Classic Maya elites in day-to-day economic matters remains poorly defined. Archaeologists have characterized the Late Classic economy as both centralized (under elite control), and decentralized (no elite oversight). Recently, archaeologists have tried to clarify this issue by defining specific sources of economic power for specific rulers and/or political entities. The research presented in this dissertation provides one such perspective on elite involvement with the economy by examining ceramic production and distribution in the Motul de San José area, just north of Lake Petén Itzá in northern Guatemala. Motul emerged as a regional political center during the second half of the Late Classic period, into an area with several pre-existing communities. It is thus possible to highlight elite engagement with the ceramic economy by investigating the intervals before and after Motu! was present in the area. This dissertation analyzes ceramics from three major groups: Cambio Unslipped, Tinaja Red, and Saxche-Palmar PolychTome. These groups comprise the bulk of Late Classic ceramics recovered in the Motul area, and represent both utilitarian and luxury goods. Sherds from Motul and five additional sites were subjected to modal and petrographic analyses in order to address various aspects of production and distribution. Together, these analyses demonstrate an increase in the number of ceramic producing groups during the second half of the Late Classic period. This production was not, however, regulated by elites at Motul, where potters produced ceramics using a distinctive stylistic mode and paste recipe that set their assemblages apart from others in the area. Distribution patterns suggest that ceramics circulated through a central market both before and after Motul was present in the area, but a shift in the proposed location of this market to Motul itself indicates that elites were involved with some portion of the ceramic economy. These results demonstrate that it is too simple to characterize the Maya state as either centralized or decentralized. In the Motul area, the shifting of a market to the new seat of political power suggests that partial economic control represented one source of power for Late Classic elites. / 2031-01-01

Este estudo avaliou a influência da ciclagem térmica e mecânica, aliadas, na resistência ao cisalhamento da interface entre porcelana de cobertura e infraestruturas de diferentes sistemas totalmente. Também foi realizada a caracterização das interfaces por meio de análise de espectroscopia por energia dispersiva de Raios X (EDS). Foram testados sistemas totalmente cerâmicos a base de dissilicato de lítio (DL), zircônia tetragonal estabilizada por ítrio recoberta por estratificação (ZC) e por injeção (ZI) e alumina infiltrada por vidro (AI). Um grupo metalocerâmico a base de liga de CoCr foi testado como grupo controle. Vinte espécimes circulares de 6mm de diâmetro de cada sistema foram submetidos ao teste de resistência ao cisalhamento em máquina de ensaios mecânicos, sendo que metade destes (n=10) sofreram os procedimentos de ciclagem térmica e mecânica antes da realização dos testes. Os resultados foram analisados através do teste ANOVA a dois critérios (p<0,05) e utilizou-se teste de Tukey (p<0,05) para as comparações múltiplas. Análise das fratura foi realizada através de estereomicroscópio e MEV. A análise de EDS foi realizada ao longo da interface infraestrutura/porcelana de cobertura em um espécime de cada sistema seccionado longitudinalmente. As ciclagens térmica e mecânica aliadas não influenciaram na resistência ao cisalhamento dos sistemas testados. Houve, contudo, diferença estatística entre os sistemas testados. O grupo CoCr apresentou os maiores valores (34,72 ± 7,05 Mpa), seguido dos grupos DL (27,07 ± 5,28), ZI (23,58 ± 2,71), ZC (22,46 ± 2,08) e AI (18,15 ± 1,99). Os modos de fratura foram predominantemente adesivos para o grupo CoCr, coesivos na infraestrura para o grupo DL, coesivo na porcelana de cobertura para os grupos ZC e ZI, e mistos para o grupo AI. As análises de EDS mostraram haver uma zona de interação para todos os sistemas testados. Deste modo, é possível sugerir, através das análises de fratura e de EDS, que haja uma união química entre a porcelana de cobertura e infraestrutura nos diferentes sistemas testados e que as variações de resistência ao cisalhamento estão relacionadas a fatores intrínsecos ou na capacidade de molhamento da porcelana de cobertura. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of thermal and mechanical cycling on the shear bond strength of different all-ceramic cores and veneering porcelain interfaces. It was also to characterize chemically the interfaces by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The allceramic systems tested were lithium dissilicate (DL), zirconia veneered by layering technic (ZC) or pressing technic (ZI) and glass infiltrated alumina (AI). A CoCr group was used as control. Twenty cylindrical specimens for each system were subjected to shear bond strength in a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Half of the specimens (n=10) were thermal and mechanical cycled before shear bond strength was carried out. Mean shear bond strength (MPa) were analyzed with a 2-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test. Failures were classified with tereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. In an addition, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed from core/veneer interfaces. Thermal and mechanical cycling did not influence statistically on the shear bond strength for the systems evaluated. However, there was a statically significant difference between the systems evaluated. Control group (CoCr) presented the highest values (34,72 ± 7,05 Mpa), followed by DL (27,07 ± 5,28), ZI (23,58 ± 2,71), ZC (22,46 ± 2,08) e AI (18,15 ± 1,99). Thermal and mechanical cycling did not influence statistically on the shear bond strength for the systems evaluated. Failure modes were predominantly adhesive for CoCr group, cohesive in the core for DL, cohesive in veneer for groups ZC and ZI and mixed for AI. EDS analysis showed a interaction zone for all systems evaluated. Thus, it is possible to suggest, trough EDS analysis, that there is a chemical bond between core and veneer materials and that the shear bond strength variations can be related to intrinsic factors within veneering porcelain or to its wetting capacity.

Orientador: Cesar Renato Foschini / Coorientador: Thiago Valle França / Banca: Luiz Eduardo de Angelo Bianchi / Banca: Eduardo Carlos Bianchi / Banca: Carlos Alberto Fortulan / Banca: Rodrigo Henrique Lopes da Silva / Resumo: A usinagem de cerâmica avançada no estado verde e pré-sinterizado tem como objetivo minimizar a etapa de usinagem após a sinterização, na qual se visa reduzir o alto custo do processo. Tais métodos propiciam uma vantagem considerável na produção de componentes com geometria complexa em termos de acabamento superficial, eficiência econômica e flexibilidade, pois, possibilita obter dimensões próximas às finais (near-net-shape). No entanto, há facilidade de introduzir danos e/ou lascamentos decorrente da sua baixa resistência mecânica, principalmente, na utilização de parâmetros inadequados de corte. Para melhorar o desempenho da usinagem de materiais duros e frágeis, pode-se empregar a usinagem assistida por ultrassom. As aplicações dessa técnica demonstraram que o processo pode melhorar consideravelmente o desempenho da usinagem. Nesta tese, se investigou a aplicação do torneamento assistido por ultrassom (UAT) em materiais cerâmicos no estado verde e pré-sinterizados. Para isso, foram elaborados componentes para a montagem adequada da bancada de ensaio, tendo como ênfase o suporte flexure hinge. Para executar o processo, foi realizado o planejamento de experimentos (DOE) pelos modelos fatorial fracionário e de superfície de resposta e aplicou-se a análise de variância (ANOVA) em alguns dados obtidos. As forças de usinagem foram medidas por um dinamômetro e correlacionadas com os parâmetros de corte e com o acabamento superficial. Os resultados mostraram que o método UAT propo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The advanced ceramic machining in green and pre-sintered state aims to minimize the machining step after sintering, in order to reduce the high cost of the process. Such methods provide a considerable advantage in the production of components with complex geometry in terms of surface finishing, economic efficiency and flexibility, as it allows obtaining near-net-shape dimensions. However, it is easy to introduce damages and/or chipping due to its low mechanical resistance, mainly, in the use of inadequate cutting parameters. In order to improve the machining performance of hard and brittle materials, ultrasonic assisted machining can be employed. Applications of this technique have demonstrated that the process can greatly improve the machining performance. In this thesis, we investigated the application of ultrasonic assisted turning (UAT) in green and pre-sintered ceramic materials. For this purpose, components have been developed for the appropriate assembly of the test bench, with emphasis the flexure hinge support. In order to carry out the process, design of experiments (DOE) with fractional factorial and response surface modeling were performed and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied in some obtained data. The machining forces were measured by a dynamometer and correlated with the cutting parameters and the surface finishing. The results showed that the UAT method provided better surface finishes and reduced roughness in relation to the conventional turning (CT), ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor