Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Anthropology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-159).

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abstract: Adolescents' clay sculpture has been researched significantly less than their drawings. I spent approximately six weeks in a ceramics class located at a high school in a suburb of Phoenix, Arizona in order to explore how gender affected subject matter preference in students' three dimensional clay sculpture. Gender studies on children's drawings reveal that males favor fantasy, violence, aggression, sports, and power, while females favor realism, domestic and social experience, physical appearance, care and concern, nature and animals. My three main research questions in this study were 1) How did gender affect subject matter in adolescents' three-dimensional clay sculpture? 2) What similarities or differences existed between females' and males' subject matter preference in sculpture and their subject matter preference in drawing? 3) Assuming that significant gender differences existed, how successful would the students be with a project that favored opposite gender themed subject matter? I found that although males and females had gender differences between subject matter in their clay sculptures, there were exceptions. In addition, the nature of clay affected this study in many ways. Teachers and students need to be well prepared for issues that arise during construction of clay sculptures so that students are able to use clay to fully express their ideas. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Art 2011

Submitted by Sílvio César Gonçalves (silviocesar16@hotmail.com) on 2018-10-18T19:45:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação SILVIO.pdf: 2864774 bytes, checksum: 4ec1bacee901708b8f3615eb2f14fbe9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Rimoli de Oliveira null (anapaula@foa.unesp.br) on 2018-10-18T19:59:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gonçalves_sc_me_araca_int.pdf: 2864774 bytes, checksum: 4ec1bacee901708b8f3615eb2f14fbe9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-18T19:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gonçalves_sc_me_araca_int.pdf: 2864774 bytes, checksum: 4ec1bacee901708b8f3615eb2f14fbe9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características de superfície da cerâmica vítrea de dissilicato de lítio com diferentes acabamentos de superfície (glaze e polimento manual mecânico) submetidas a soluções ácidas (ácido cítrico e ácido fosfórico) e armazenadas em água ou saliva humana. As superfícies foram analisadas utilizando a energia livre de superfície, rugosidade, dureza e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram utilizadas pastilhas de cerâmica vítrea de dissilicato de lítio, do sistema prensado, dos quais foram obtidas amostras com 6 mm x 4 mm x 2mm (n=120). Os grupos experimentais foram divididos de acordo com o acabamento das cerâmicas (polida ou glaze), desafio (água, ácido cítrico e ácido fosfórico) e meio de armazenamento (água deionizada ou saliva humana). Foram realizados ciclos de 21 dias onde as cerâmicas permaneciam 4 horas na solução de desafio e 20 horas no meio de armazenamento, sendo renovados diariamente. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA a 3 critérios seguidos pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls. Houve rugosidade maior com o acabamento glaze (p<0,001) e o desafio com ácido fosfórico levou a menor rugosidade (p<0,003). A dureza foi maior para as cerâmicas com glaze e menor quando submetida ao ácido cítrico (p=0,536). A superfície da cerâmica glazeada apresentou maior valor de energia livre (p<0,007), porém nos desafios ácidos armazenados em saliva, o componente doador de elétrons em ambos os desafios, apresentaram menores valores (p=0,148). Concluiu-se que a cerâmica glazeada apresentou maior rugosidade, dureza e energia de superfície do que a cerâmica polida, e os desafios ácidos e meio de armazenamento influenciaram estas variáveis, principalmente nas cerâmicas polidas. / Abstrac : The objective of this study was to analyze the surface characteristics of vitreous ceramics of lithium disilicate with different surface finishes (glaze and mechanical manual polishing) submitted to acid solutions (citric acid and phosphoric acid) and stor ed in human water or saliva. The surfaces were analyzed using surface free energy, roughness, hardness and scanning electron microscopy. Lithium disilicate vitreous ceramic tablets were used, from which the samples were obtained with 6 mm x 4 mm x 2 mm (n= 120). The experimental groups were divided according to the finishing of the ceramics (polished or glaze), challenge (water, citric acid and phosphoric acid) and storage medium ( deionized water or human saliva). Twenty - one day cycles were performed where t he ceramics remained 4 hours in the challenge solution and 20 hours in the storage medium, being renewed daily. Data were submitted to ANOVA at 3 criteria followed by the Student - Newman - Keuls test. T here was greater rou ghness with the glaze finish (p <0.001 ) and the challenge with phosphoric acid led to the least roughness (p <0.00 3 ). Hardness was higher for ceramics with glaze and lower wh en submitted to citric acid (p = 0.536). Th e glaze ceramic surface presen ted higher free energy value (p <0.007), but in the acidic challenges stored in saliva, the electron donor component in both challeng es presented lower values (p = 0.148). It was con cluded that the glazed ceramics presented higher roughness, hardness and surface energy than the polished ceramics, and the a cidic challenges and storage medium influenced these variables, especially in the polished ceramics.

This thesis presents an analysis of the Epiclassic and Postclassic period ceramic assemblages from the site of La Laguna, Tlaxcala, Mexico. Almost all of the sherds come from Feature 185, a sheet midden context deposited in c. 1200 CE. During this period, central Mexico was not dominated by a single polity, but the many smaller altepemeh (central Mexican city-states) were tied together economically and culturally. This interconnected system has been described as the Postclassic International World System by Smith and Berdan (2000; 2003). Although La Laguna was a small rural settlement on the periphery of this society, the wares and iconography present in the ceramic assemblage show that its inhabitants were involved with the regional economic and intellectual interactions of the time. I present the assemblage in terms of ware, vessel form, and iconography, and suggest avenues for future research on Postclassic ceramics in Tlaxcala.

Soft-paste porcelain was produced in Britain in great quantities between the mid-18th and early 19th centuries. Due to industrial secrecy and the complexities of creating a product that would survive high-temperature firing, a range of paste recipes was employed by dozens of factories. This has resulted in an array of porcelains which vary in their elemental composition and mineralogy. This research carries out a meta-analysis of the published data for porcelain bodies and glazes and concludes that some discrimination can be achieved using the major and minor elemental composition of the bodies, and that for the glazes intra-factory variation is often greater than inter-factory variation in composition. A pilot investigation of the trace elemental composition of British porcelain is carried out using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy, which finds compositional groups corresponding to different sources of clay and silica raw materials. In the interests of preserving intact objects, there is recognised a need for a non-destructive method for analysing British porcelain, in order to provenance and date objects. Such a method would rely on data from the surface of the object, which is typically covered by glaze and over-glaze coloured enamels, and this research demonstrates that the formulae used for the glaze and enamels are in some cases characteristic of the factory, or workshop, and period at which they were created. Hand-Held XRF analysis is used to analyse the glaze, underglaze blue and polychrome enamels on a selection of porcelain objects from different factories, and compositional traits are identified that allow some factories and periods to be distinguished. Glass standards are developed, which are representative of the glaze and enamel composition, and which could allow X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data to be calibrated for fully quantitative results.

No description available.