The root epidermis, being the outermost cell layer of the organ, is in contact with the soil environment. The position of the epidermis determines its important roles, such as taking up water and ions from the surrounding soil, and defending against harmful microorganisms. What is the chemical composition of the walls in this layer? The chemical nature of the soybean epidermal wall modifying substance was investigated in this study with the use of histochemical tests coupled with electron microscopy, and chemical depolymerizations in combination with chromatography. Soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>) was used as a test species in the present studay. Results of histochemical and electron microscopical studies indicated that the epidermal walls are modified with suberin. The suberized epidermal walls were permeable to apoplastic tracers, differing from those of cells with suberized Casparian bands, possibly due to the spatial distribution or chemical components of the suberin. Suberin may occur in a diffuse form linked with other wall components in the epidermis. What is the chemical nature of this modification, and does it play a role in pathogen resistance? The root epidermal wall compositions of two soybean cultivars were compared; one (cv. Conrad) is resistant to <em>Phytophthora sojae</em> and the other (cv. OX 760-6) is susceptible to this root-rot oomycete. Their epidermal walls were isolated enzymatically and subjected to two different degradation methods, i. e. BF₃-MeOH transesterification and nitrobenzene oxidation. The compositions of depolymerisates of the cell walls determined by GC-MS indicated four dominant suberin monomers varying in chain length from C16 to C24. In all epidermal cell walls, &omega;-hydroxycarboxylic acids were more abundant than diacids, carboxylic acids and alcohols. Two of the monomers detected (hydroxycarboxylic acid and a,&omega;-dicarboxylic acid) are known to be characteristic suberin markers. The quantitative chemical compositions significantly differed in the epidermal cell walls of the two soybean varieties. Walls of the resistant cultivar (Conrad) had a greater quantity of both the aliphatic and aromatic components of the polymer than the susceptible cultivar (OX760-6), providing evidence to support the hypothesis that preformed suberin plays a role in plant defense.

Aerosol particles, especially in the high Arctic are still not very well represented in climate models. Particle size and number concentrations are strongly under-predicted and temporal variations of aerosol composition and size are still not very well understood, mainly due to the sparsity of observations. The main objective of this thesis is the characterization of the high Arctic summer aerosol by means of electron microscopy in order to extend the existing data set from previous expeditions by size resolved data on aerosol number, morphology and chemical composition and to gain a better understanding of the evolution of the aerosol in the atmosphere. Ambient aerosol was collected over the pack ice during the Arctic Summer Cloud and Ocean (ASCOS) campaign to the high Arctic in summer 2008. Aerosol particles were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy and subsequent digital image processing to assess particle size and morphology. More than 3900 aerosol particles from 9 sampling events were imaged with scanning electron microscopy and merged into groups of similar morphology which contributed to different degrees to the total aerosol: single particles (82%), gel particles (11%) and halo particles (7%). Single particles were observed over the whole size range with a maximum at 64 nm in diameter, gel particles appeared &gt; 45 nm with a maximum in number at 174 nm, halo particles appeared &gt; 75 nm with a maximum in number at 161 nm. The majority of particles showed the morphology of marine gels, no sea salt or otherwise crystalline particles were observed. Transmission electron microscopy enabled more subtle insights into particle morphology and allowed further subdivision of gel particles into aggregates, aggregates with film and mucus-like particles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of individual particles revealed a gradual transition in the content of Na+/K+ and Ca2+/Mg2+ between particle morphologies. Single particles and aggregate particles preferentially contained Na+/K+ whereas aggregate with film particles and mucus-like particles mainly contained Ca2+/Mg2+ suggesting a connection between particle morphology and ion content. Back-trajectory analysis was used to identify aerosol sources and to understand the evolution of the aerosol as a function of the synoptic weather situation. Particle numbers, size and morphology changed with the days the air mass spent over the pack-ice. A morphological descriptor applied to gel particles showed a clear trend suggesting that the contour of the particles becomes sharper and more distinct with increased time spent over the pack-ice. For a very long time over the pack-ice, however, we observed a morphology comparable to freshly emitted particles suggesting aerosol sources over the inner pack-ice. Size resolved aerosol chemical composition measurements were utilized to investigate the inorganic composition of laboratory generated nascent sea spray aerosol particles and ambient aerosol samples collected during ASCOS. A significant enrichment of Ca2+ was observed in submicrometer particles in either case with a tendency for increasing Ca2+ enrichment with decreasing particle size. This has strong implications for the alkalinity of sea spray aerosol particles with consequences for the sulfur chemistry in the marine boundary layer, the hygroscopicity and thus the potential of sea spray aerosol particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

III Summary This thesis is focused on crystal chemistry and crystal structure of apatites from alkaline rock of the Bohemian Massif. Fifteen samples of volcanic rocks, mostly of the Cenozoic age was selected for the study. Sample No. 5 is of the Silurian age. Sample No. 15 originates from volcanic rock of the Cenozoic age from the Slovak Western Carpathians. This sample was chosen for this study due to its substantially different chemical composition. The contents of major and minor elements in apatites were measured on an electron microprobe, the contents of some minor and trace elements were determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Selected samples were investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrometry. Crystal structure of studied apatites was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that dominant anion at position X is fluorine. The OH content calculated on the basis of the fully occupied position X is significant in some samples. The amount of Cl is generally low. The exception is the sample No. 15 where Cl reached up to 0.6 apfu (Z = 2). Studied apatites contain many substitutions but they are generally of minor extent. Strontium, iron and REE at position M belong to the most common and most important substituents for calcium in...

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Zhijian Pei / Donghai Wang / Renewable fuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass could reduce our dependence on fossil fuel resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Big bluestem is an ecological-dominant warm-season (C4) perennial native grass that comprises as much as 80% of the plant biomass in prairies in the Midwestern grasslands of North America. Its high cellulosic content and low agricultural input recently have made big bluestem a promising feedstock for ethanol production. The overall goals of this study are to evaluate the potential of big bluestem in terms of ethanol production comparing with other native grasses by diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and to understand the effects of ecotype and planting location on the chemical and elemental compositions and thermal properties as well as fermentable sugar yield of big bluestem along the Great Plains precipitation gradient. A total conversion efficiency of 79.2% and an ethanol concentration of 9.4 g/L were achieved after 72 h fermentation. About 0.262 kg (~0.332 Liters) ethanol could be produced from one kilogram dry mass of big bluestem under the present condition. Planting location had significant effects on chemical and elemental as well as specific heat, thermogravimetric parameters, high heating value and glucan mass yield. Ecotype had significant effects on glucan, xylan, lignin, and ash contents, and C, O, and H elemental fractions as well as specific heat, high heating value and glucan mass yield, whereas planting location significantly affected all measured variables. The ecotype-location interaction had significant effects on glucan, lignin, hydrogen contents and specific heat. Up to 97%, 88% and 80% of the variation in compositions can be explained by annual precipitation, growing degree days and potential evapotranspiration in 2010 respectively. Among all environmental factors, potential evapotranspiration had the most significant effect on thermal properties. Planting location had a stronger influence than ecotype and interaction between location and ecotype. Precipitation in 2010 possibly played a more significant role in divergence of glucan mass yield of the big bluestem.

Aerosol particles are one of the major pollutants in outdoor and indoor air. Particulate matter (PM) can be harmful for works of art by causing soiling and chemical damage, depending on particle size and chemical composition. This study includes indoor/outdoor monitoring of air quality in five archives in the CR, representing different outdoor environments: Zlatá Koruna (rural), Třeboň (small town), Teplice (industrial area), and two archives (National Library - NL and National Archives - NA) in Prague (large city with traffic). The NL and the archives in Zlatá Koruna, Třeboň and Teplice are only naturally ventilated, while NA in Prague is equipped with ventilation and filtration system. The measurements were performed during 4 intensive campaigns in different seasons of the year at every location. The measurements included particle number/mass concentrations, size distributions and chemical composition. Additional measurements were carried out in 2 museums, a depository, and a church. The aim of this study is to investigate concentrations, sources, and chemical composition of PM in the indoor environment, and to establish the relationship between the indoor and outdoor environment. The results showed that concentrations of fine particles in the indoor environment of the NA in Prague were...

O trabalho, realizado na FZEA/USP/Pirassununga, visou avaliar doses de NaCl e de N, em idades de corte, em coastcross (Cynodon dactylon), em relação à sua composição bromatológica e química e digestibilidade "in vitro". O delineamento foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados, num fatorial de 4x2x2 (doses NaCl x doses N x idades de cortes), em canteiros de 3x3m, com 4 repetições, cortados a 5cm, de 30 e 60d para primavera, verão e outono e 45 e 90d para o inverno. A adubação foi: 0, 20, 40 e 60 Kg NaCl/ha/corte e 20 e 40 Kg N/ha/corte (uréia). Realizaram-se análises de MS, FDN, FDA, PB, DIVMS, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na e de fertilidade do solo inicial e final (0-20 e 20-40cm). Sem considerar as interações, o sal não foi significativo para as variáveis MS, FDN, FDA e PB, porém observou-se uma melhor atuação de jan/maio/2002, para todas as variáveis consideradas. Foi observada uma pequena redução nos teores de Ca e Mg, de acordo com o aumento nos tratamentos com NaCl, de set-dez/2001. A utilização do sal variou em função da época de corte para o Mg (jan/maio/2002), para o P (jul/2002) e para a DIVMS (inverno/2001, verão 2001/02 e outono/2002), e variou em função do N apenas no inverno/2002, para a DIVMS. A época de corte influenciou quase todas as variáveis, em todos os períodos. As doses de N foram significativas em função da PB (set-dez/2001). Foi observada interação tripla para a MS, FDA e DIVMS (nov/2001-maio/2002). Concluiu-se que: as doses de Na e N não influenciaram a produção e a composição química e bromatológica, influenciando a DIVMS. A planta não apresentou evidências de ter sido afetada pela utilização do Na. / The trial was developed in FZEA/USP/Pirassununga, to evaluate levels of NaCl and N, in two cutting ages, coast-cross (Cynodon dactylon), to observe the response in bromatologic composition and "in vitro" digestibility. As design, was used casualizated blocks applied in fatorial 4x2x2 (levels NaCl x level N x cutting ages), in seedbeds of 3x3 m, with 4 repetitions. The cutting were conducted, in 5 cm, in 30 and 60 days during the times of the spring, summer and autumn, and in 45 and 90 days for winter. Analyses from DM, NDF, ADF, CP, IVDDM, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na were conducted. Analyze from the soil fertility in the beginning and final of the project (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm), to evaluate if had accumulative effect of the salt. Without the interaction, the salt didn’t show significant statistical for variables as DM, NDF, ADF and CP. But was observed a better situation in the jan-may/2002. A little reduction in the levels of Ca and Mg , with the increase from the levels of the NaCl, was observed in Sep-Dec/2001. In the case of Mg (jan-may/2002), P (jul/2002) and IVDDM (winter/2001) showed variation in the different cutting ages correlated with the levels of NaCl. Different levels of N related some variations for IVDDM in winter 2002. The cutting time influenced almost every variable in all times. The levels of N were significated for levels of CP (set-dec/2001). For the variables DM, ADF and IVDDM, during nov/2001-may/2002 these were observed a triple interaction. Data collected the following conclusions: level of Na and N didn’t influence the production and chemical composition, but influenced IVDDM. The plant didn’t show evidence that was affected by Na treatment.

[pt] O Observatório Pierre Auger é um detector de raios cósmicos ultra-energéticos (E maior ou igual 1018 eV) com características híbridas, que combinam detectores de superfície e de fluorescência. A determinação da composição química primária destes raios cósmicos é um dos seus principais objetivos. Há indícios de que os primários dos raios cósmicos com E maior que 1018.5 eV tem massa maior, conclusão baseada nos resultados recentes sobre a evolução dos chuveiros atmosféricos extensos (cascatas de partículas formadas quando da colisão do raio cósmico primário no topo da atmosfera com moléculas de N2 ou O2). Encontrar parâmetros, que caracterizam o chuveiro, no processo de sua reconstrução e que forneçam informações associadas a este resultado, são essenciais para validar esta conclusão. Nesta tese estuda-se a evolução como função da energia, de parâmetros que caracterizam os chuveiros, que sejam sensíveis à sua composição primária. Mais especificamente aqueles determinados pelo detector de superfície, pois há uma estatística de chuveiros detectados significativamente maior. Damos especial atenção às flutuações intrínsecas – chuveiro-a-chuveiro – do parâmetro de inclinação (beta) da Função de Distribuição Lateral, que descreve a variação da densidade de partículas ao longo da direção perpendicular ao eixo do chuveiro, como função da distância a esse eixo. Os resultados indicam que a flutuação intrínseca em beta, para eventos inclinados (45-60 graus) com E maior que 1018.5 eV, possui uma tendência de diminuição com a energia até valores em torno de 1019.8 eV. Este resultado é consistente com o encontrado anteriormente em análises de composição química sobre a evolução com a energia da profundidade de máximo (Xmax) dos chuveiros atmosféricos extensosmedida pelos detectores do Auger em modo híbrido, em que em energias acima de 1018.5 eV, observase que os chuveiros tendem a atingir seu máximo numa região mais bem definida da atmosfera, levando, por conseguinte, a flutuações menores no sinal no solo. / [en] The Pierre Auger Observatory is an ultra high energy cosmic ray detector (E more than or equal as 1018 eV) which has hybrid characteristics combining surface and fluorescence detectors. Determining the cosmic rays chemical composition is one of its most important challenges. There are evidences that cosmic ray primaries with energy above 1018.5 eV are heavy and this conclusion is based on recent results on the evolution of extensive air showers (cascades of particles formed by the collision of primary cosmic rays in the top of the atmosphere with nitrogen and oxygen molecules). Therefore, it is mandatory to find additional parameters supporting that conclusion. In this thesis, the evolution with energy of parameters characterizing the shower and with sensitivity to chemical composition are studied. More specifically, parameters determined by the surface detector are analyzed due to the high statistics in this operation mode. Special attention is given to the instrinsic - shower to shower - fluctuations of the slope parameter (beta) of the Lateral Distribution Function which describes the particles density variation in the plane perpendicular to the shower axis as a function of distance to that axis. The results show that the intrinsic fluctuation of Beta, for inclined showers (45-60 degrees) with energy above 1018.5 eV, where the detector resolution is small compared to the total fluctuation, has a trend to decrease with energy up to 1019.6 eV. This result is consistent with recent results on the energy evolution of the depth of shower maxima (Xmax) of extensive air showers, where above 1018.5 eV, the distributions of Xmax show less fluctuations, leading, in turn, to less fluctuations on the ground level.

A soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) é a principal fonte de óleo para a produção de biodiesel e de proteína para ração animal. Contudo, a composição química das sementes e a produtividade de grãos pode ser afetada pela disponibilidade de nutrientes à planta, principalmente de potássio. Diante disto, objetivou-se estudar a divergência genética e a eficiência do uso do potássio em cultivares de soja, quanto aos teores de óleo e proteína, visando à produção de biocombustível. Assim, no ano agrícola 2013/14, foram realizados quatro ensaios de competição de cultivares de soja em Palmas -TO, os quais foram distribuídos em duas épocas de plantio, cujas cultivares foram conduzidas sob alto e baixo potássio (40kg de K2O ha-1 e 200 kg de K2O.ha-1, respectivamente). O delineamento experimental utilizado nos ensaios foi de blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas cultivares M9144RR, BRS33871RR (Sambaiba), TMG1288RR, BRS333RR, P98Y70RR, TMG 1180RR e M8766RR. A eficiência do uso de potássio pelas cultivares foi realizada através da metodologia adaptada de Fischer (1983) e a divergência genética por meio de procedimentos multivariados: distância generalizada de Mahalanobis e método de agrupamento de otimização de Tocher. No estudo da divergência genética, cada ensaio representou uma variável distinta no modelo multivariado. As cultivares M8766RR e BRS333RR são promissoras para produção de biodiesel e eficientes no uso do potássio. A cultivar P98Y70 é indicada para produção de proteína e eficiente quanto ao uso de potássio. As hibridações M8766RR x TMG1180RR e M8766RR x TMG1180RR, são promissoras para teor de óleo, e P98Y70 x TMG1180RR, para teor de proteína. / Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) is the principal source of oil for the production of biodiesel and protein for animal feed. However, the chemical composition of seeds and grain yield may be affected by the availability of nutrients to the plant, particularly potassium. Given this, the objective was to study the genetic diversity and potassium use efficiency in soybean cultivars for the levels of oil and protein, aimed at producing biofuel. Thus, in the agricultural year 2013/14, were performed four soybean cultivars competition trials in Palmas - TO, which were distributed in two growing seasons, whose cultivars were conducted under high and low potassium (40kg of K2O ha-1 and 200 kg de K2O.ha-1, respectively – 88,18 lb of K2O ha-1 and 440,92 lb of K2O.ha-1, respectively). The experimental design used in the trials was randomized blocks with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of cultivars M9144RR, BRS33871RR (Sambaíba), TMG1288RR, BRS333RR, P98Y70RR, TMG 1180RR and M8766RR. Was determined the efficiency of the use of potassium by crops, through the methodology adapted from Fischer (1983) and the genetic divergence by multivariate procedures: Mahalanobis distance and clustering method optimization Tocher. In the study of genetic diversity, each test represented a distinct variable in the multivariate model. The M8766RR and BRS333RR cultivars are promising for biodiesel production and efficient use of potassium. Cultivar P98Y70 is indicated for protein production and efficient in the use of available potassium in the soil. Hybridizations M8766RR x TMG1180RR and M8766RR x TMG1180RR are promising for oil content, and P98Y70 x TMG1180RR for protein content.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCILIANA GORETI DAVANTEL.pdf: 656164 bytes, checksum: 982d7d8d0ecc6c87112ba4f6f7f179a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / The study aimed to evaluate and compare the chemical composition and digestibility of dry matter bean Guandu (Cajanus cajan L.) and Calopogonio (Calopogonium mucunoides Std.). To test the degradability through the in situ, we used the of nylon bags with, incubated in a male adult bovine cannulated in the rumen . The samples of 6.0 g of each legume species were incubated in the rumen of the animal at time periods of 0 , 12, 24 , 48, 72 and 96 hours. Incubation was performed in order to remove all the nylon bags at the same time, allowing thereby uniformly cleaning tools. The experiment was conducted according to a randomized design and the data submitted to Tukey test. It was determined the dry matter, mineral matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein and in situ degradability of the dry matter. Effects were observed (P <0.05) of the species, being verified interaction of this factor, it was observed that there were differences (P <0.05) for contents of mineral matter (MM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP), with no effect (P> 0.05) for dry matter content (DM). The DM content of calopo samples was 49.39% and pigeon pea was 47.44%. The calopo was higher than pigeon pea in MM and CP levels. There was a difference to the percentage of total fiber, the lowest value of NDF for calopo. In the effective degradability calopo showed higher rates than pigeon pea. In the experiment it was found higher nutritional value compared to calopo pigeon pea and can be adopted in cattle feed. / O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a composição bromatológica e a digestibilidade da matéria seca do Feijão Guandu (Cajanus cajan L.) e do Calopogônio (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.). Para o ensaio da degradabilidade através da técnica in situ, usou-se o método de sacos de náilon, com incubação em um bovino macho adulto canulado no rúmen. Amostras de 6,0 g de cada uma das espécies de leguminosas foram incubadas no rúmen do animal nos períodos 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. A incubação foi realizada de forma a se retirar todos os sacos de náilon ao mesmo tempo, permitindo, dessa forma, lavagem uniforme do material. O experimento foi conduzido segundo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os dados submetidos ao teste de Tukey. Determinaram-se os teores de matéria seca, matéria mineral, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, proteína bruta e a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca. Foram observados efeitos (P<0,05) da espécie, sendo verificada interação deste fator, observou-se que houve diferença (P<0,05) para os teores de matéria mineral (MM), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e proteína bruta (PB), não havendo efeito (P>0,05) para o teor de matéria seca (MS). O teor de MS das amostras de calopogônio foi 49,39% e do feijão guandu foi de 47,44%. O calopogônio foi superior ao feijão guandu nos teores de MM e PB. Houve diferença para o percentual de fibras totais, sendo o menor valor de FDN para o calopogônio. Na degradabilidade efetiva o calopogônio mostrou maiores taxas do que o feijão guandu. No experimento foi verificado maior valor nutricional do calopogônio em comparação ao feijão guandu, podendo ser adotado na alimentação de bovinos.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o processo de envelhecimento da cachaça em barris de carvalho de espécies e quantidade de usos diferentes. A cachaça foi envelhecida em barris de carvalho americano (Quercus alba) e carvalho europeu (Quercus petraea) de segundo uso, e em barris de extenso uso. A avaliação do processo de envelhecimento foi realizada pela análise dos parâmetros considerados como indicadores de qualidade de destilados, tais como a evolução da concentração de congêneres de maturação e de congêneres voláteis. Durante o envelhecimento amostras foram retiradas e analisadas em intervalo mensal durante 12 meses. Foram determinados os congêneres voláteis por CG (cromatografia gasosa): aldeído acético, acetato de etila, metanol, propanol, iso-butanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, álcool isoamílico e ácido acético. Os congêneres de maturação, analisados por CLAE (cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência), foram: ácido gálico, furfural, 5-hidroximetilfurfural, coniferaldeído, sinapaldeído, vanilina, siringaldeído, ácido vanílico e ácido siríngico. Foram também determinadas as concentrações de compostos fenólicos totais e glicerol, a intensidade de cor e o teor alcoólico. Testes sensoriais comparativos foram realizados ao final do experimento. A origem da madeira utilizada na fabricação do barril (carvalho francês ou americano), a intensidade do tratamento térmico (queima média ou forte), assim como a quantidade de usos do barril ao longo dos meses tiveram influência direta no produto final. Os barris de segundo uso foram os que mais influenciaram nas concentrações de congêneres, principalmente quanto aos ésteres e furfural. Dentre os barris de segundo uso, a queima forte do carvalho europeu proporcionou maiores concentrações de congêneres. Os barris de extenso uso propiciaram menores concentrações dos compostos voláteis. A espécie e origem da madeira de carvalho, assim como a intensidade do tratamento térmico, influenciaram na modificação das concentrações dos congêneres de maturação, exceto no bloco guaiacil, no qual, as concentrações mantiveram-se semelhantes, inclusive na cachaça envelhecida em barris de extenso uso. Os efeitos sensoriais foram mais acentuados na cachaça envelhecida em barril novo de carvalho. Em cachaças envelhecidas em barris de carvalho de 2° uso e extenso uso, a menor percepção dos atributos dificultou a comparação e diferenciação de seus perfis determinados pela análise sensorial. / The objective of this study is to compare the aging process of cachaça in oak barrels of different species, toastings and quantity of uses. Cachaças was aged in second use barrels of American (Quercus alba) and French oak (Quercus petraea) and compared with barrels of extensive use. The evaluation of the aging process was carried out with analysis of the parameters indicated as distillate quality, the evolution of the maturation congeners and the volatile congeners concentration. During aging, twelve samples were collected and analyzed monthly. The following volatile congeners were analyzed by GC (gas chromatography): acetic aldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, propanol, iso-butanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid. The maturation congeners analyzed by HPLC were gallic acid, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, coniferaldehyde, synapaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid and syringic acid. Concentrations of total phenolic compounds and glycerol, color intensity and alcohol content were also measured. Comparative sensory tests were carried out at the end of the experiment. The origin of the woods used in the manufacture of the barrels (French and American oak), the intensity of the heat treatment (medium or strong toast) as well as the number uses of the barrel over the months had a direct influence on the final product. Second-use barrels provided a greater influence on concentration of congeners, mainly esters and furfural. Among the second-use barrels, the high toasted French oak barrel provided higher congeners concentration. The barrels of extensive use provided lower concentrations of the volatile compounds. The species and origin of the oak wood, as well as the intensity of the heat treatment influenced on the concentrations of maturation congener, except for the guaiacyl block, in which, concentrations remained similar, including cachaças aged in barrels of extensive use. The sensorial effects were more accentuated in cachaça aged in new oak barrels. In cachaças aged in oak barrels of second use and extensive use, the lower perception of attributes made it difficult to compare and differentiate their sensorial profiles.