Thesis (doctoral)--Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, 2004.

Inaug.-diss.-Heidelberg. / Lebenslauf. Published in full in the Zeitschrift für deutschen civilprozess. "Literaturverzeichnis und abkurzungen": p. [8]-11.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis attempts to identify the philosophy, key questions and priorities behind the trust laws of Jersey and Malta. By wide accord, the Jersey law has served as a model in many ways to its later Maltese counterpart. This affinity is placed against the similar background of either jurisdiction, which embraced, to varying degrees, both the Civil Law tradition and Common Law influence. The analysis is advanced through the different moments of the trust, from its creation to termination. Nevertheless, the underpinning focus and thrust is on the civilian identity of either trust. It considers whether, and how far, the fundamental Civil Law concepts and language play a defining role in their civilian configuration. The question is asked whether the creation of the trust and the duties of a trustee can possibly be classified as obligational or contractual, or maybe something else. The nature and character of the beneficiary’s rights are also reviewed. The overarching role of good faith and civil responsibility, along with their extent of interaction with traditional Equity fiduciary duties, are weighed, an assessment naturally following from the civilian flavour attributed to the trusts. The conceptual overlapping between the Roman-Civil law fiducia, and related figures such as the mandat prêt-nom, with the Equity fiduciary duties, is assessed. The role, even if subsidiary, of civilian unjustified enrichment, remains an ever-present relevant factor. Sham trusts and simulatio, the Pauline fraud and legitim are considered in the context of the civilian identity of these trusts. The discussion then engages with the other strand of the thesis, being the role of the governing law, as the ‘mind’ behind the trust legislations assessed. The discussion engages with the question whether the trusts fall on the side of respect for the ‘autonomie de la volonté des parties’ or on other policy determinants behind the law.

Though Nixon did not coin the phrase “war on drugs” until the early 1970s, strong anti drug positions were already popular with elected officials and law enforcement. The 1973 creation of the Drug Enforcement Agency was impetus for a significant increase in drug-related incarceration, though a more significant increase of drug-related incarceration occurred in the 1980s alongside the birth of private, for-profit prisons. The end of the 20th century saw the conception of a national sentiment that drugs were the biggest security concern to the American people. The budget allocated to fight the war on drugs increased to the billions, much of which was distributed to police departments to aid them in catching drug users and/or dealers. The United States’ government’s proclamation of a war on drugs and their subsequent policy reforms occurred simultaneously to a significant increase in civil asset forfeiture--likely attributed to the heightened anti-drug sentiment

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:39:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9101_RIBEIRO, J. C. M. 2015.pdf: 974014 bytes, checksum: 44865db61db9b1e4401c6b26fda4f866 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-08 / O presente trabalho investiga as origens históricas das tradições jurídicas common law e civillaw, com o objetivo de identificar os traços peculiares da tradição híbrida que conforma o sistema jurídico brasileiro, apontando as deficiências democráticas decorrentes da ausência de uma cultura de precedentes judiciais e alertando para a necessidade de readequação da postura do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Com o enfoque direcionado ao direito infraconstitucional brasileiro, especificamente em relação ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça, buscou-se demonstrar que na transição do Estado Legislativo para o Estado Constitucional a inserção da segurança jurídica como fundamento da república exige a reconstrução da finalidade do processo civil como meio para a tutela de direitos, o que implica tanto a concessão de decisões justas, quanto a prolação de precedentes para conferir unidade, previsibilidade e estabilidade ao direito. Não obstante no marco do Estado Democrático Constitucional a unidade do direito corresponda a um dos discursos necessários para conferir legitimidade à atuação jurisdicional, o Superior Tribunal de Justiça permanece atuando como Corte Superior, de controle de decisões judiciais incorretas e de uniformidade da jurisprudência, o que ocasiona a grave patologia denominada jurisprudência lotérica, consistente na adoção de decisões completamente distintas para casos estritamente semelhantes. Palavras-chave: Common law; Teoria dos Precedentes Judiciais; Civil law; Ideologia liberal; Corte Suprema; Superior Tribunal de Justiça; Processo Civil.

La loi n° 2010-658 du 15 juin 2010 relative à l'entrepreneur individuel à responsabilité limitée (EIRL) est venue sonner le glas du paradigme de l‘unité patrimoniale, en conférant à tout entrepreneur individuel la possibilité d'affecter à son activité professionnelle un patrimoine séparé de son patrimoine personnel, sans création d‘une personne morale. Or, le problème est que l‘EIRL a été construit, sous certains aspects, sans considération pour le droit civil, alors qu‘il faudra pourtant qu‘il s‘insère et se réalise dans celui-ci. Le dessein de la thèse est donc de trouver la place que le patrimoine affecté de l‘EIRL occupe dans le droit civil afin de formuler des solutions de nature à l‘articuler avec le droit civil. Dans un premier temps, si l‘on observe l‘objet juridique que constitue le patrimoine affecté, celui-ci se révèle être atteint d‘une dualité. En effet, il s‘apparente à la fois à un contenant et à un contenu inclus dans un ensemble plus vaste et est, dès lors, susceptible de recevoir deux qualifications, celle d‘universalité de droit et celle de bien. Il s‘en suit, dans un second temps, que le patrimoine affecté peut être gouverné par un régime également caractérisé par une dualité. L‘articulation de l‘universalité de droit avec le droit civil suppose en effet de régir les relations qui pourraient naître entre les patrimoines de l‘EIRL et qui pourraient être de nature à entraver la séparation patrimoniale. Quant à la réalisation du bien dans le droit civil, elle implique de compléter les règles liées à la propriété du patrimoine affecté et de proposer des solutions relatives à sa gestion, que la propriété ou la gestion du patrimoine affecté soit individuelle ou plurale. / The law n°2010-658 relating to the Limited Liability Sole Proprietorship (EIRL) came to sound the knell of the paradigm of proprietary unity, thus giving any sole proprietor the possibility to allot one or several assets to their occupation separately from their personal assets, without having to refer to a legal entity. Now, the problem is the EIRL was made, in some respects, without considering the Civil Law, and yet, it shall have to fit and be fulfilled into the Civil Law. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to find the importance of the EIRL allotted assets in the Civil Law, in order to find solutions likely to articulate it with the Civil Law. First of all, the allotted assets prove to be, thanks to further studies on the legislation relating to the EIRL, a dualist object. Effectively, it is like a container and makes it the content of a wider set. Then, the allotted assets are liable to be granted both the status of legal universality and the status of property. It follows that, subsequently, the EIRL allotted assets can be governed by a dualist system. On the one hand, the articulation of the legal universality with the Civil Laws implies governing the relationships that might arise between the EIRL assets that might hinder the separation of assets. On the other hand, the fulfillment of this property in the Civil Law implies completing the rules linked to owning the allotted assets and offering solutions as to manage them, whether the allotted assets be owned or managed individually or jointly.

1 Pacta Sunt Servanda in Recent Civil Law Abstract The thesis deals with the brocard of pacta sunt servanda and its application in the current Czech civil law. After a brief explanation of the historical circumstances and a concise description of the historical development of private law in Czechia, the first chapter outlines the establishment and the practical confirmation of the pacta sunt servanda principle in the judicial rulings of the Czech Constitutional Court after year 1990. The second chapter analyzes the natural law doctrines that have informed the authors of the Civil Code in drafting the law, including the principle of pacta sunt servanda. The third chapter of the thesis reviews the practical expression of the principle that agreements must be kept, and promises are binding in the applicable provisions of the Civil Code. The freedom of contract is one of the essential tenets of the private law, which gives parties freedom to decide whether to enter into a contract, with whom and the freedom to decide (acting in mutual respect of the equal autonomy of the persons involved) about the contents of the contract. But the freedom is also accompanied by responsibility. One of the possible consequences of the pacta sunt servanda principle is a party's duty to negotiate with care and not to lead a...

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La charge de la preuve constitue un concept original, qui porte le sceau des évolutions du temps et des fondements du Droit. Historiquement, la notion de charge de la preuve désigne une tâche individuelle, celle du plaideur qui doit, par son seul effort, convaincre le juge du bien-fondé de sa cause. Aujourd’hui, en raison de l’essor de l’idée de vérité et de la volonté de renforcer les liens de solidarité unissant les individus, elle est appréhendée comme une exigence générale de comportement imposant à tout justiciable de contribuer à la manifestation de la vérité. Or, il est inopportun d’assimiler l’ensemble des devoirs probatoires à des charges. De fait, seuls ceux dont un plaideur doit spontanément s’accomplir afin de faire triompher sa cause doivent être qualifiés ainsi. Cela permet alors de concevoir que la charge de la preuve n’impose pas uniquement des devoirs durant le procès mais, également, avant toute saisine du juge. Tenu de réunir des preuves et de les produire en justice, le titulaire de la charge de la preuve n’est pas toujours en mesure d’assumer la tâche qui lui incombe. Le législateur ou le juge peuvent alors fournir des remèdes en facilitant ou en dispensant le titulaire de la charge de la preuve d’accomplir ses devoirs. Rétablie dans sa cohérence, la charge de la preuve permet ainsi de comprendre l’utilité de certains mécanismes techniques et d’opérer une lecture nouvelle du droit positif. / The burden of proof constitutes an original concept which epitomizes the evolution of time and of the founding principles of law. Historically, the notion of burden of proof referred to the individual role of the litigant who, through his own effort, had to convince the judge of the soundness of his cause. Nowadays, considering the importance of truth in our society as well as the willingness to tighten solidarity between individuals, it is considered as a basic requirement for a litigant to contribute to the emergence of truth. Yet, it is inappropriate to make confusion between probationary duties and charges. As a matter of fact, only the duties that the litigant has to carry out in order to win over his cause can be qualified as burden of proof. This implies that the burden of proof not only imposes duties during the trial but also before the referral of the case to court. Bound to gather proofs and produce them in court, the incumbent is not always in a situation to assume the burden of the proof. Legal precedents (law, jurisprudence) can then be used to either facilitate or to exempt the former of his obligations. In light of this new coherence, the burden of proof facilitates the understanding of certain technical mechanisms and allows for a new reading of the applicable law.