Brownfields have an important impact on health. They can influence physical health by increasing risk for health hazards such as the potential for injury hazards, disease transmission, or exposure to chemicals. They can also influence social health determinants like neighborhood level social capital or behavioral risk factors. Reusing brownfields for community gardens reduces environmental hazards and associated health hazards. It further promotes public health, and sustainable quality environment. Community gardens increase nutrition access, especially for many in low income populations, and community aesthetic. They also strengthen social cohesion and create recreational or therapeutic opportunities for a community, becoming part of the urban green space network. Special care must be taken to protect public health when reusing a brownfield for a community garden, like sampling for chemicals, cleaning up soil, and using protective garden designs. The overall benefit to the community is worth the initial investment required.

Group and family living is an integral part of many animals’ ecology. Thus the behavior became associated with plenty of advantages as well as disadvantages. However, rarely has the actual concept of the group been investigated. Questions such as, “What constitutes a ‘group’?” and “Do the individuals within these ‘groups’ associate with each other frequently enough to actually enjoy the benefits of group living?” are seldom asked. With these questions in mind, the aim of this study was to use Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) individuals in their territories to explore and shed more light on the issue of the extent of group living. A working definition of a ‘group’ was made and subsequently the birds were observed in their natural habitat in northern Sweden during several seasons. Consequently, a pair-wise coherence index (CI) was created to quantify the levels of association between the individuals within each territory in order to investigate which possible factors affect the extent of the observed cohesion. Results of the study indicate that pair-wise cohesion was strongly dependent on the kinship of the birds. Moreover, it was found that the alpha and kin birds had significantly higher coherence values than the non kin birds. Thus, within a territory, it was the alpha and the kin birds that formed the core of the group with the non kin birds being much less associated with the other individuals. This was in contrast to the hypothesis, which predicted alpha birds to form the core of the group solely, with kin birds having significantly lower coherence. Interestingly, no effect of habitat type and season was found on the cohesion of the territorial group. Moreover, further evidence of sub-grouping was found even on the kinship level, thus suggesting yet more complex interplay between group cohesion and the group members.  All in all, with the non kin birds having low coherence values, the study casts light on the fact that even if individuals are present in a territory, they might not necessarily be a tight unit and as such be unable to fully benefit from group living.

Kvinnor har uppfattats som effektiva i ett transformativt ledarskap vilket även haft en positiv inverkan på ett effektivt samarbete i en arbetsgrupp. Ett effektivt samarbete krävde gemenskap i arbetsgruppen vilken kunde kompliceras av såväl arbetsrelaterade som relationsrelaterade konflikter. Åtta kvinnliga mellanchefer intervjuades med fokus på deras arbetssätt som chefer och deras uppfattningar om eventuella skillnader mellan manliga och kvinnliga medarbetare och kollegor i olika avseenden. Resultatet från en kvalitativ innehållsanalys visade att ett effektivt samarbete krävde såväl tydliga arbetsroller och mål som en gemenskap med och förståelse för varandra. Kvinnliga medarbetare upplevde ett behov av relationer i arbetsgruppen och ett psykosocialt stöd. Män upplevdes fokusera på arbetsuppgiften med behov av ett praktiskt stöd. Intervjudeltagarna ansåg att gemenskapen i arbetsgruppen oftast komplicerades av relationsrelaterade konflikter vilka även upplevdes problematiska att lösa. Samtliga intervjudeltagare hade erfarenhet av ett stödjande mentorskap och föredrog en kvinnlig mentor.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka samband mellan lagsammanhållning och upplevt motivationsklimat i fotboll, samt skillnaden mellan kvinnliga och manliga fotbollsspelare i lagsammanhållning och upplevt motivationsklimat. I studien deltog 101 fotbollspelare mellan 15 år och 19 år (m=17.05, sd=0.93) från olika gymnasier med fotbollsinriktning i Halland. Lagsammanhållning mättes med ”Group Environment Questionarie” och motivationsklimat med ”The Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionaire-3”. Studiens resultat visade att såväl positiva som negativa samband mellan lagsammanhållning och upplevt motivationsklimat, samt att män och kvinnor skiljer sig i vissa kategorier av lagsammanhållning och motivationsklimat. Resultaten diskuteras utifrån tidigare forskning på området. / The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between cohesion and perceived motivational climate in football, and if male and female football players differs in cohesion and perceived motivational climate. In total 101 football players between 15 to 19 years (m=17.05, sd=0.93) from different high schools with a football academi participated. Cohesion was measured with, Group Environment Questionarie and the motivational climate with “The Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionaire-3”. The results showed both positive and negative relations between cohesion and the perceived motivational climate, and some differences between men and women in team cohesion and motivational climate. The result is discussed from previous research on the area.

Although we are in 21st century, we still face the threat of fire. Some serious fires happen all over the world frequently. For the location of Taiwan, there are many natural disasters like earthquakes, typhoons, landslides and mudflows on Taiwan recently. The fireman plays an important role to protect the human being and their properties at the disaster scence, so the job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior of fireman make a decisive influence on the performance of rescue activities. The station officer is the soul of the fire brigade, his leadership style influence the performance of firemen deeply. In the study, I make the subject how the leadership styles influence follower`s job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior, the group cohesion and personality as the moderating variances. The fire brigade of Kaohsiung as the survey object, through the questionnaire and statistic analysis, I try to treat how the leadership style influence the follower`s job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior, and give some suggestions to the fire department, in the study indicate that: 1. A significant positive correlation was identified among leadership styles and job involvement; the inspirational motivation has positive influence on follower`s job involvement. 2. A significant positive correlation was identified among leadership styles, altruism, courtesy, civic virtue and conscientiousness; the idealized influence was positive influence on altruism, the intellectual stimulation was positive influence on courtesy, civic virtue and conscientiousness. 3. The internal-external personality was found to have no significant moderating effect among leadership styles, job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior. 4. The group cohesion was found to have a significant moderating effect among relationship of inspirational motivation and job involvement, 5. The group cohesion was found to have a significant moderating effect among relationships of individual consideration and organizational citizenship behavior.

This study aimed at discovering the role of lexical cohesive links in L2 reading comprehension. For this purpose, the researcher carried out lexical cohesion analysis of two TOEFL reading tests consisting of six texts. First, prior to the reading comprehension tests, the students were administered &ldquo / a vocabulary familiarity task&rdquo / . Second, the TOEFL reading tests were administered to fifty upper-intermediate and advanced level EFL students at Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. Third, after each test, a post-reading &ldquo / Lexical links recognition task&rdquo / was given. Finally, the data were analyzed comparing reader performance on each item, both within and across the groups. The researcher analyzed the reading test results besides the results of the accompanying lexical cohesive links tasks to see if there is a &ldquo / significant relationship&rdquo / between the three factors: vocabulary knowledge, reading comprehension level and recognition of lexical cohesive links. The results have indicated that awareness of lexical cohesive links noticeably contributes to reading test scores in L2 and that recognition-level vocabulary knowledge alone may not guarantee better reading comprehension scores. Finally, it is suggested that reading and writing teachers can develop some pedagogic exercises to teach lexical cohesive devices and in this way improve students&rsquo / knowledge of lexical cohesive sub-types, thus enhancing their reading performance.

Disruption is something that we must negotiate as part of our everyday lives. The context of disruption can vary in nature from being positive to being negative in nature. However, the emotional effects of the disruption have not been investigated in the social psychological literature. This study utilizes structuralized ritualization affect theory of social exchange, attribution theory, and the theory of relational cohesion in order to investigate the effects of disruption on the overall positive emotion of the actors involved and their feelings of cohesiveness with regard to their group.

The goals of this study are to describe the importance of developing a measure of sibling group cohesion, to define this measure, to test the validity of the measure using similar constructs, and to explore how sibling group cohesion predicts perceived personal achievement. Sibling group cohesion is defined as an individual’s voluntary commitment to one’s group of siblings, which forms an open unit. A 12-item scale of adult sibling group cohesion is developed and validated. Adult siblings from sibling groups of 3 or more were asked to take an online survey and 541 participants from 184 families completed the survey. Three theories are proposed for how sibling group cohesion could impact achievement: support, expectations, and shared identity theories. Results indicate that sibling group cohesion is related to, but still unique from, the average and standard deviation of dyadic sibling relationship positivity quality. Individuals from larger families, who have a high proportion of siblings who inspire them, and who have high and consistently positive dyadic relationships report having high sibling group cohesion. Additionally, results from this study show sibling group cohesion is a strong positive predictor of two measurements of perceived personal achievement. The predictive power of sibling group cohesion is stronger than that of the average of dyadic sibling relationship positivity, and is mediated by a combination of support, average dyadic positivity, and demographic variables. Specifically, receiving active and emotional support, as well as being introduced to activities by a majority of one’s siblings is predictive of better achievement. / text

The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, serves as an excellent model for identifying fundamental mechanisms of DNA repair. A Local Coherence Detection (LCD) algorithm that uses biclustering to assign genes to multiple functional sub-groups was applied on the chromosome E-MAP containing genetic interactions among genes involved in nuclear processes. Using this method, we found that Asf1 and Rtt109, genes that are together required for histone H3K56 acetylation, cluster together with Ctf4, Ctf18, Ctf8 and Dcc1, genes important for efficient sister chromatid cohesion. It is known that H3K56 acetylation is required for post-repair chromatin reassembly at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The cohesion genes were previously implicated in the repair of some DNA DSBs, but the nature of their involvement has not been reported. The experimental data in my thesis work suggest that Ctf4, Ctf8, Ctf18 and Dcc1 function in the post-repair chromatin reassembly pathway.

An experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of compaction on arching of wheat flour in storage. A model bin 475 mm in height and 600 mm × 375 mm in cross-section was used to conduct tests and wheat flour at moisture contents (MC) of 8.6% and 14.2% was tested. Direct shear tests were performed to determine the angle of internal friction and cohesion of wheat flour subjected to various compaction pressures. It was observed that the internal friction angles were about the same for the wheat flour at two moisture contents (37.1 vs. 37.5), but cohesion for 14.2% MC was 32% higher than that for 8.6% MC. The flowability of wheat flour decreased with increasing compaction pressure sharply at the initial stage of compaction. Compaction led to a 64% increase in required hopper opening for arching-free flow for flour at 8.6% MC, and 49% at 14.2% MC. However, compaction pressure had little effect on arch formation after it reached above 5 kPa.