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Gaining and losing competitive advantageBellak, Christian January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Efficient policies to stimulate the competitiveness of firms require knowledge of future firm-strategies and a proper assessment of the location advantages of a country or region. Therefore, industry comparative advantage analysis needs to be complemented by firm competitive advantage analysis. This yields four hypotheses of firm strategies on the basis of the existing advantage combination. Detailed empirical analysis of a representative sample of Austrian manufacturing firms during 1990- 2000 shows that changes in employment, value-added and exports are in line with the suggested development. Three of the 3-digit industries lost their advantages while seven industries gained advantages, yet overall industry distribution has been remarkable stable over the four advantage combinations. In terms of number of firms, however, a large share (30%) of the total population shifts between advantage combinations even during short periods of time. The firm strategies outlined suggest a differentiated policy approach, yet the short-term dynamics revealed empirically imply a high potential for policy failure. / Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"
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Konkurenční schopnost pšenice vůči plevelům v ekologickém zemědělství / Wheat competiveness against weeds in organic farmingMACHKOVÁ, Božena January 2016 (has links)
This study is concentrated on the evaluation of competitive ability of spring and winter wheat varieties by selected characteristics affecting competitiveness against weeds. They evaluated the characteristics (shape tuft, the length of the plant, LAI, coverage and the position of the flag leaf). For the evaluation of characters (tuft shape, length and position of flag leaf) methodology was used, based on the methodical approach ÚKZÚZ for tests of its utility varieties. For the analysis was used LAI (SunScan Devices - Canopy Analysis Sytem).
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La generación de empleo en las MYPES de Lima Metropolitana: caso de Clúster de GamarraMoreno De Vettori, Marco January 2017 (has links)
La presente investigación sobre el conglomerado, el Clúster en Gamarra trata de exponer las evidentes carencias que los empleados y productores tienen para el desarrollo de la zona.
A través de comentarios con estadísticas oficiales podremos entender mejor la realidad económica de Gamarra, tratando de recomendar el desarrollo de programas y sistemas de calidad que hagan que los textiles sean de óptima calidad para asegurar una mejor empleabilidad de la zona
The present investigation on the conglomerate, the Cluster in Gamarra tries to expose the evident deficiencies that the employees and producers have for the development of the zone.
Through comments with official statistics we can better understand the economic reality of Gamarra, trying to recommend the development of programs and quality systems that make textiles are of optimum quality to ensure better employability of the area.
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Análise da competitividade do cluster da indústria de fertilizantes da região metropolitana de SalvadorQuartucci, João Paulo January 2007 (has links)
p. 1 - 89 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-22T18:31:01Z
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Previous issue date: 2007 / Este estudo se propõe a analisar o nível de competitividade do Cluster de
fertilizantes da Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Especificamente pretende-se
analisar a evolução da indústria internacional, brasileira e baiana, identificar e
discutir suas principais limitações, identificar e discutir suas principais competências,
avaliar as estratégias das indústrias de fertilizantes e recomendar ações que
aumentem o grau de competitividade das indústrias que compõem o Cluster. Para
analisar a competitividade, considerou-se o modelo proposto no Estudo da
Competitividade da Indústria Brasileira (ECIB). O Modelo ECIB avalia Fatores
Empresariais - aqueles sobre os quais a empresa detém o poder de decisão,
Estruturais – aqueles sobre os quais a empresa possui limitado poder de intervenção
e Sistêmicos – aqueles sobre os quais a empresa detém escasso ou nenhum poder
de intervir. O estudo também apresenta conceitos básicos sobre fertilidade do solo,
com as principais funções fisiológicas dos macronutrientes. A história da indústria de
fertilizantes no Brasil é apresentada em cinco fases, com os eventos mais relevantes
de cada fase. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada através de análise de dados
secundários e entrevistas com especialistas de todas as empresas de fertilizantes do
Cluster, incluindo misturadoras de adubos e fábricas produtoras de fertilizantes
intermediários. O trabalho finaliza com a identificação e análise dos principais fatores
de competitividade, destacando suas fragilidades e os pontos onde o cluster é
competitivo. A expectativa é que o trabalho tenha contribuído para um maior
conhecimento dos problemas que influenciam a competitividade do Cluster, bem
como estimular uma reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento do setor de fertilizantes na
Bahia. / Salvador
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Fatores determinantes do transporte rodoviário intermunicipal de passageiros na Bahia: ameaças para sustentabilidade e qualidade na prestação do serviçoCerqueira, André dos Santos January 2007 (has links)
p. 1 - 167 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-02-18T17:58:56Z
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Previous issue date: 2007 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar os fatores determinantes do
transporte rodoviário intermunicipal de passageiros no Estado da Bahia, direcionado
às ameaças para a sustentabilidade deste modal. A revisão da literatura está
fundamentada na teoria de regulação e no estudo da competitividade da indústria
brasileira (ECIB) que fazem a ligação entre um sistema regulado, que é
operacionalizado em regime de permissão/concessão, e um ambiente que tem
demonstrado crescentes reações adversas por perda de competitividade. Para
sustentação desta análise foram definidas como premissas deste setor: utilização de
fontes documentais secundárias e primárias; pesquisa de campo para interpretação
de perfis, hábitos e necessidades dos usuários; avaliações dos gestores das
empresas; indicadores de desempenho relacionados a demanda de passageiros; e
atuação efetiva da agência reguladora como órgão fomentador e gestor da
qualidade dos serviços aos clientes. Preliminarmente, é apresentado o ambiente dos
transportes, remontando acontecimentos históricos desde o descobrimento do Brasil
para melhor compreender os dias atuais e direcioná-los de forma mais analítica para
o futuro. Descritos também os mecanismos do sistema público para operacionalizar
o transporte rodoviário de passageiros, dentro de um escala hierárquica subordinada
ao Ministério dos Transportes até a Agência Estadual de Regulação dos Serviços
Públicos de Energia, Transportes e Comunicação da Bahia (AGERBA). No campo
da competitividade, os cenários foram divididos em três dimensões, conforme ECIB:
interna, estrutural e sistêmico, que inicialmente apontaram para quinze fatores
relacionados a este modal. Após analisados estes fatores, foram extraídos sete
determinantes de elevado grau de significância para a sustentabilidade deste
transporte, a partir dos quais foram descritas propostas e recomendações objetivas
para atuar nas ameaças da eficiência na qualidade da prestação do serviço aos
usuários. / Salvador
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As medidas antidumping e sua eficácia.Catalan, Francisco Carlos Marangoni January 2005 (has links)
p. 1-116 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-14T20:37:30Z
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Previous issue date: 2005 / O principal objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e discutir a eficácia na aplicação
de uma medida de defesa comercial – antidumping, abordando a regulação deste
mecanismo de proteção tarifária conectada aos fatores de competitividade da industria
doméstica. Através da conceituação teórica, conjuntamente com a experiência da
empresa Policarbonatos do Brasil, este trabalho faz uma analise sobre a aplicação do
direito antidumping nas importações brasileiras da resina de policarbonato, originárias
dos EUA e Alemanha, que vigorou de julho de 1999 a julho de 2004. A resina de
policarbonato, pelas suas propriedades, características e aplicações, é classificado
como um plástico de engenharia. Como as resinas plásticas são consideradas produtos
petroquímicos, fez–se assim também necessário incluir uma analise da industria
petroquímica no Brasil. Barreiras tarifárias ao comercio internacional são estabelecidas
com o propósito de proteção dos produtores nacionais contra praticas comerciais
consideradas desleais; desta forma pretende-se que a industria domestica obtenha
maiores, ou tenha restabelecido, seus volumes comercializados, como também
melhore sua participação no mercado interno. O estudo de caso mostra efeito inverso
ao esperado e daí decorre o questionamento sobre a eficácia para o qual este trabalho
buscou explicações. / Salvador
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Para além da competitividade - subsídios para refletir os pequenos negócios/ Itabuna-BahiaBezerra, Maria Bernadete Pereira January 2003 (has links)
p. 1-89 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-25T17:32:48Z
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Previous issue date: 2003 / Esta investigação analisa a competitividade dos pequenos negócios
através da concepção de um Tipo Ideal, com inspiração Weberiana, no segmento
de produção industrial, centrado na capacidade empresarial e consubstanciado
basicamente, em Michael Porter e Max Weber. A proposta foi validada por uma
Amostra Intencional constituída por segmentos da comunidade, uma
Representação Social. O modelo construído resultou da interseção dos aspectos
econômico, social e político. A variável competência eco/empresarial refletiu-se
através do poder de negociação dos fornecedores e compradores, proatividade na
concorrência, preservação do meio ambiente, atenção aos novos entrantes,
qualificação do trabalhador, investimentos em P&D e na utilização de recursos de
terceiros. A variável Justiça Social objetivou-se na consciência da
responsabilidade social, respeito aos direitos trabalhistas, pagamento do salário
em dia e na manutenção do canal de comunicação aberto com os trabalhadores.
A variável engajamento político traduziu-se na filiação à Associação Comercial de
Itabuna (ACI), na contribuição às políticas de desenvolvimento regional, na filiação
a cooperativas e à Associação de pequenas e micro empresas de Itabuna; na
prática de trabalhos voluntários e na filiação a partido político. Desse modo
construiu-se um conceito, um instrumento que materializa uma contribuição à
tecnologia votada para o universo dos pequenos negócios acreditando na
possibilidade de mudança através de melhores métodos organizacionais. Assim
foi concebida uma contribuição que se traduziu como Para além da
competitividade, subsídios para refletir os pequenos negócios na cidade de
Itabuna-Ba. / Salvador
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The effect of relationship banking on customer loyalty in the retail business banking environmentRavesteyn, Louis Johannes van January 2005 (has links)
Customer relationship management (CRM) as an academic subject and a business tool is as relevant today as ever before. As part of the CRM model banks have implemented the concept of relationship banking. The retail banking industry has been troubled with the issue of customer loyalty as both personal and commercial customers have shown the tendency to utilise different products and services from different banks or financial institutions. The problem seems to be Customer Loyalty (or is it?), which as a field of research has been exploited in recent years. The aim of the research report will be to contribute to the existing research on Customer Loyalty and the effects of Relationship Banking (as part of a CRM model) thereon. / Relationship banking, as exemplified by retail banks, is a valuable enabling
strategy that promotes competitiveness and provides sustainable success. The
utilisation of relationship banking as a business strategy to increase customer
retention, create customer loyalty and ultimately increase long-term profits is a
relative young tactic, originating in the 1980s and gathering pace during the
1990s. The correct application of relationship banking could impact on the bottomline
of banks favourably. Hence the positioning of this research to investigate the
effect of the relationship banking offering on customer loyalty, and its use in
realising customer loyalty and long-term value from relationship banking
initiatives.
The retail banking industry in South Africa is a complex and very competitive
environment, which is dominated by the big four banks (ABSA, First National
Bank, Nedbank, and Standard Bank). It is a business imperative for the
management of the banks to ensure that they establish, develop and improve
relationships with their most important asset, their customers. Operating in such a
dynamic environment requires of banks to fully understand all the factors of
relationship banking that affect their success and market share. What is the
impact of relationship banking on customer loyalty, and what are the possible
results that can flow from a close relationship between bank and customer?
The main research hypothesis states that business customers who receive the
relationship banking offering from their retail bankers are more loyal towards their
bank than those business customers who do not receive the relationship banking
offering. With this in mind the research seeks to clarify specific primary objectives
based on the hypothesis:
• To investigate the impact that relationship banking has on the loyalty of
business banking customers in the retail banks in South Africa.
ii
• To identify the critical factors of relationship banking that can influence
customer loyalty.
• To identify the benefits of relationship banking and customer loyalty.
The research composed of a field study in the retail banking industry, with a
sample of 80 business banking customers with a close business relationship with
their banker or having a personal banker looking after the relationship, and 80
business customers without a close business relationship with their banker or no
personal banker looking after their relationship. The survey focused on the attitude
or perception of business customers based on relationship and loyalty
dimensions.
The research, in combination with the literature review provided valuable insight
into the factors influencing relationship banking, its value as part of a retail
business banking proposition, as well as the effect it has on customer loyalty. It
also provided insight into the importance of customer loyalty and its impact on
customer retention and long-term profitability. It is clear from the literature review
and research that a relationship banking offering adds value with regard to
customer retention and loyalty. The results and findings from the research and
literature review represent a remarkable difference between the perceived
levels of customer loyalty of the two groups. This is an indication that
relationship banking affects customer loyalty positively.
The critical factors of relationship banking that were found to influence customer
loyalty included the value proposition, service and quality, employee competency
(relationship banker), price, reward and recognition, and communication. The
benefits of developing and building customer loyalty included: retention of
customers and staff, customer satisfaction, trust, word of mouth referrals and
growth, cost reduction, cross-sales, profitability (relationship lifetime value) and
enhancing the bank’s competitive advantage.
iii
The researcher recommends that retail banks must continue to implement
relationship banking offerings across all business customer segments. A possible
consideration will be to divide the relationship banking offering on different levels:
high-touch; medium-touch; and low-touch. These different value propositions
should represent mutual (bank and customer) requirements and financial
feasibility for banks. Banks must place customer-centricity at the core of their
relationship banking strategy.
To support the relationship strategies banks need to understand the behaviour of
their customers and their buying habits. Market segmentation is a critical aspect of
relationship marketing and the segmentation of business customers must be in
line with the different levels of relationship offerings. Segmentation should also be
in line with customer value or customer profitability, complexity of financial
demands, annual turnover and industry. This segmentation will allow banks to
provide the correct relationship banking offering to the right customer. To support
the segmentation process banks need to be able to determine the individual
customer profitability. Management information systems must be developed and
used to determine the customer’s profitability. Once the segmentation has been
concluded banks must implement and use applicable CRM strategies and CRM
systems to complement the relationship banking offering. It’s about knowing their
customers well enough to determine the kind of relationship they would like to
have. Banks must also try to extend their CRM strategy across all customers. The
support from top management and understanding of the relationship banking
offering is critical as a lack of support can derail the success.
The main recommendations for further study that transpired from the research
included:
• Research on the calculation of relationship life time value.
iv
• Research on a model for appropriate market segmentation of business
banking customers in South Africa.
• Research on the importance of reward and recognition strategies to valued
customers, plus loyalty programmes.
• Research on the key characteristics of relationship bankers.
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Job satisfaction and motivation of graduate engineers and actuariesRusconi, Julian Michael January 2005 (has links)
The job diagnostic survey will be used to gather data on job satisfaction and motivation from the chosen data set. This is a structured questionnaire which provides quantitative results. These results wil be used to calculate the motivation potential score for each individual. Statistical methods will then be used to evaluate the results. This information, together with theory such as Hertsberg's 2-factor theory and Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model will be used to propose ways of enhancing the jobs of graduate South African engineers. This will improve their job satisfaction and motivation allowing companies to attract, retain and gain greater performance from them. / This research has three main purposes. Firstly, it examines the level of job
satisfaction and motivation of engineers and actuaries in South Africa and
compares this with other groups. Secondly it examines the role of job design in
their job satisfaction and motivation. Thirdly, it recommends ways to increase
the level of satisfaction and motivation. The research methodology was based
on Hackman and Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model (JCM) and
accompanying Job Diagnostic Survey. It states that high satisfaction, motivation
and effectiveness will result from the presence of five job characteristics as long
as certain intervening factors are also present.
It was found that Job design, as proposed by the model, does contribute to
satisfaction and motivation. Relative to other groups of employees, actuaries
and engineers in South Africa are satisfied. Of those surveyed, civil engineers
had the highest level of satisfaction and electrical engineers the lowest.
Actuaries scored higher than engineers. The results of this research suggest
organisations should increase feedback to employees and improve
opportunities for growth. Further research should be done on the intervening
factors and the effects of demographic differences within the two groups.
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The structuring of diversity programmes at science councils in South Africa-Case Studies-MintekSingh, Viloshnee January 2007 (has links)
The peaceful transition from apartheid to a democratised society is one of South
Africa’s most impressive achievements. The attainment of these achievements
has placed enormous pressure on the country to “shift to a higher gear”, i.e.
increasing the number of players who contribute to the economic development of
the country, thus building on its’ political success (Thomas, 1996). The ability to
become competitive in the global economy will be determined by the capacity to
increase the pool of suitably qualified people and the willingness to accept, value
and empower the human talent of all South Africans.
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