This is a bachelor thesis regarding the performance differences for hosting a web-application in a virtualized environment. We compare virtual machines against containers and observe their resource usage in categories such as CPU, RAM and disk storage in idle state and perform a range of computation experiments in which response times are measured from a series of request intervals. Response times are measured with the help of a web-application created in Python. The experiments are performed under both normal and stressed conditions to give a better indication in to which virtualized environment outperform the other during different scenarios. The results show that virtual machines and containers remained close to each other in response times during the first request interval, but the containers outperformed virtual machines in terms of resource usages while in idle state, they had less of a burden on the host computer. They were also significantly more rapid in terms of response times. This is also most noticeable during stressed conditions in which the virtual machine almost doubled its sluggishness.

VPN is primarily used to encrypt your network traffic and identity online securely from a private location. This can be used as a safety measure to prevent theft of personal data. It also allows its user to change the geolocation to wherever they want which unlocks the possibility to use another country's services. Related work has shown that there are also downsides to using VPN services. Some VPN solutions do have security problems that its user could be unaware of. This study explored the experience and beliefs surrounding the usage of VPN while browsing the internet from people with software expertise. Interviews were conducted with people in different areas surrounding usage of VPN services to get a deeper understanding of why VPN is used and to what extent they believe VPN is providing anonymity and security of their data. The findings from this study is that the main reason to use a VPN is to access unavailable services. These services can vary from content online that is not available in the region from where you access the internet to services that are work related and locked to specific networks. Another finding was also that among these people the belief that the use of a VPN was enough to make a user anonymous by itself is controversial.

No description available.

Flera nya tjänster som Mina utgifter och Smartbudget vittnar om ett tilltagande intresse bland konsumenter att planera sin ekonomi. Matvaror utgör en stor del av det genomsnittliga hushållets budget och är därmed en kostnadspost som kan göra stor skillnad i hushållets ekonomi.Detta examensarbete ska undersöka möjligheten att jämföra matvarors pris på olika affärer med hjälp av en Android-applikation och genom att fotografera texten på kvitton. Texten kommer sen processas och sorteras för att få ut nödvändig data som sen kan sparas undan i en databas. Färdiga Algoritmer och OCR-motorer har utvärderats och implementerats i applikationen direkt genom så kallade C-Bibliotek. Dessa gör det möjligt att utan större problem vidareutveckla applikationen för iOS eller Windows Phone.Projektet och Android-applikationen visar på möjligheterna att använda färdiga C-bibliotek samt telefoners kamera för att enkelt sålla ut och spara undan den informationen som är relevant för konsumentens del. / Multiple new services such as “Mina utgifter” and “Smartbudget” show that there is an increased interest among consumers to plan their economy. Groceries represent a large part of the average households budget and is thereby an important thing that can make a large difference in every households economy.This thesis will examine the possibilities to compare food prices with help of an Android application and by taking pictures of the text on receipts. The text will then be processed and sorted to get the necessary data which later can be saved into a database. Premade algorithms and OCR-engines have been evaluated and implemented directly into the Android application by using so called C-Libraries. This makes it possible without major efforts to further develop the application for IOS or Windows Phone.This project and the Android application show the possibilities to use premade libraries and the phones camera to extract and save the necessary information that is relevant for consumers.

This thesis investigates methods for automatic colour transfer when working withgeodata and possible metrics to evaluate the results. Several methods for colourtransfer as well as methods to create an objective measurement were tested. Themethod was evaluated by using a subjective score which was generated by surveyingeight people working with geodata. In the survey the participants were askedto “Rank the images from most similar to least similar, with what you imagine theresult would have been if you would have made the colour transfer manually”.The method with the best overall performance in this study was using colourtransfer in the CIEl   colour space. This method was only matched by a methodsegmenting the image first based on colour information. As the method had thehighest average subjective score but a larger standard deviation than other methods.This was suspected to be largely due to the deviation in quality of the segmentationalgorithm. Using a different method for segmenting the image thismethod might perform even better.The objective measurements proposed in this study were not found to have aconsistent correlation with the subjective measurement, with the exception ofgradient structural similarity. Other methods could have a use in some cases butnot as general colour transfer objective measurement, though a larger study andmore data would be needed to confirm the findings.

Background: When we use our phone to make a purchase, booking, or simply contact someone, we expect a quick response to acknowledge that our request has been sent and received. Today’s traffic requests are higher than ever, and will most likely continue to grow. This puts pressure on the communication platforms to keep up with the demand and continue to perform and deliver the requests within short time frames. Twilio and 46elks are two communication platforms that offer an SMS gateway service, and this thesis will take a deeper look at how they perform when implemented on an ASP.NET Core 6 web application.  Objectives: The goal of this thesis is to evaluate if there are any disparities or similarities between the two communication platform’s SMS gateway services regarding performance. The performance quality attributes are focused on time behaviour, CPU utilization, and RAM usage. Method: Comparing two communication platforms by using a quasi-experiment. A web application was developed with ASP.NET Core 6 to handle incoming SMS bookings. With the provided data from the SMS, it created and stored the booking. Once done, a confirmation SMS was delivered to the Sender. The performance quality attributes were stored and collected for evaluation of each incoming SMS during the experiments. Results: Overall, Twilio had a longer time behaviour and higher RAM usage compared to 46elks, but Twilio had a lower CPU utilization compared to 46elks. Conclusions: The time behaviour and CPU utilization between the two communication platforms were significant different. Interesting findings were that when injecting a higher workload on the web application, the performance improved in two quality attributes, RAM usage and time behaviour, for both communication platforms.

The increasingly adapted technology called blockchain can be viewed as a distributed append-only time-stamped data structure which is made possible by a distributed peer-to-peer network. The network uses cryptography and different consensus mechanisms to ensure immutability, security, transparency, and speed in a decentralized fashion. A permissionless decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) is an application deployed on a blockchain that enables people to govern and coordinate themselves in a decentralized manner through self-executing rules where anyone can join. A foundational function of a DAO is the voting system which dictates how the governance of the DAO is conducted. Voting systems in DAOs are currently not well researched and the currently used solutions have flaws, they are either not secure or they have the risk of resulting in unfair outcomes. This is the problem that this project focuses on. The problem was approached by conducting research in the field and through the conclusions of the research a new solution for a voting system was proposed and implemented. The proposed solution can be used to gain inspiration in further studies or be tested and developed to evaluate it in practice.

Background. In the pursuit of realism in rendering, a feature that may get overlooked is the sky and atmosphere—especially the consumer who might suspect that something is off without identifying it. A critical aspect of sky rendering is the color that should be dynamic with the time of day to be realistic. With multiple ways of rendering a sky and atmosphere, it is unclear which method best suits the circumstance. Objectives. The objective of this study was to make that decision clearer with both the visual aspect and the realism. It was also crucial that performance was not affected too heavily by the techniques. Methods. As the first objective can be subjective, we decided to ask several people through a survey to get a more objective answer. In the survey, we presented the participants with two images of identical scenes where the only difference between them was the method of rendering the sky. We then asked them which picture they thought was the most aesthetically pleasing and which they thought was the most realistic. The second part of the study was to test the performance of the techniques. We recorded the average frame time through a C\# script over all of the scenes. Results. When using the settings we established, the Physically-based atmosphere scored lower in both realism and aesthetics in the first visual test but scored higher in realism in all of the scenarios for the second visual test. Both the average frame rate and frame time did end up in favor of the Physically based atmosphere. Conclusions. The outcome of this study was surprising, we had thought that the Physically-based atmosphere would score higher in both realism and aesthetics. The performance of the Physically based atmosphere method proved to be much more optimized than the Unity procedural skybox than we would have thought.

The job scheduling problem is a type of scheduling problem where a list of jobs and machines are given. A solution consists of a schedule where each job is assigned to one or multiple machines at a certain time. In this study, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm called NSGA-II was applied to optimize schedules for a particular scheduling problem given by a board game made by the Swedish educative company INSU. The scheduling problem features novel restrictions on the schedules, such as transportation delay between the jobs, skill requirements for the machines to fulfill. The board game also allows pre-emption, i.e., that the jobs can be paused and resumed by the same or other machines. These restrictions impose a challenge for creating a genetic representation for the evolutionary algorithm and a decoder which decodes the representation into a schedule. This problem was solved by proposing a new genetic representation based on previous work and testing it with a few crossover and mutation methods in two experiments. The experiments found that the new representation is effective in creating high-quality schedules, but it is inconclusive as to which crossover and mutation method is the most effective. The decoder’s execution time was also measured, which showed that the decoder scales rapidly with an increasing number of jobs. Despite this, the new representation and decoder are useful for optimizing other scheduling problems with pre-emption and other restrictions.

Den teknologiska framfarten har föranlett dagens situation där datorer med tillhörande datorskärmar utav olika slag är en del utav vardagen. De används i många olika fall, dels då statliga myndigheter och stora organisationer skall utföra diverse ärenden. Hantering av dessa datorskärmar utförs med hjälp utav olika skärmhanteringsmetoder som försätter dessa i viloläge. Att särskilja skärmhanteringsmetoder baserat på dess egenskaper är dock svårt då det idag inte finns någon anpassad utvärderingsmodell för att utvärdera skärmhanteringsmetoder.   Denna studie tillhandahåller en utvärderingsmodell för att med hjälp utav denna kunna välja den mest optimala skärmhanteringsmetoden. Syftet med att välja en optimal skärmhanteringsmetod är att samtidigt kunna minska strömförbrukningen hos datorskärmar. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär med induktiv ansats. Det har skett ett framtagande av “MUSk”-modellen (Modell för Utvärdering av Skärmhanteringsmetoder). Det gjordes i samband med en litteraturstudie samt intervjuer där data samlades in. De hölls med personer inom statliga myndigheter vars kompetens var relevant för området. MUSk-modellen är resultatet för denna studie och kan tillämpas på skärmhanteringsmetoder för att särskilja dem. För att verifiera MUSk-modellens legitimitet så utvärderades den. Valda skärmhanteringsmetoder utvärderades genom att tillämpa MUSk-modellen för att erhålla en slutsats om vilken metod som är den mest optimal. Baserat på elementen i den framtagan MUSk-modellen erhöll Windows egna Power Management System det bästa utfallet.Denna studie skall tillhandahålla en utvärderingsmodell för att med hjälp utav denna kunna välja den mest optimala skärmhanteringsmetoden. Syftet med att välja en optimal skärmhanteringsmetod är att samtidigt kunna minska strömförbrukningen hos datorskärmar. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär med induktiv ansats. Det har skett ett framtagande av “MUSk”-modellen (Modell för Utvärdering av Skärmhanteringsmetoder). Det gjordes i samband med en litteraturstudie samt intervjuer där data samlades in. De hölls med personer inom statliga myndigheter vars kompetens var relevant för området. MUSk-modellen är resultatet för denna studie och kan tillämpas på skärmhanteringsmetoder för att särskilja dem. För att verifiera MUSk- modellens legitimitet så utvärderades den. Valda skärmhanteringsmetoder utvärderades genom att tillämpa MUSk-modellen för att erhålla en slutsats om vilken metod som är den mest optimal. Baserat på elementen i den framtagan MUSk-modellen erhöll Windows egna Power Management System det bästa utfallet. / Forward-thinking technology has led to the situation today where computers and belonging computer screens are a part of everyday life. They are used in many different cases, as well as government agencies and organizations to accomplish various assignments. Management of these computer screens are done with the help of screen management methods that put them to sleep mode. Distinguishing these management methods based on their characteristics is difficult and presently there is no custom evaluation model for this.   This study provides an evaluation model that is able to choose an optimal screen management method by applying it. The purpose of choosing an optimal screen management method is to simultaneously decrease the power consumption of computer screens. The study is of qualitative nature with an inductive approach.  This led to the production of an evaluation model "MUSk" (Model for Evaluating Screen management methods). It was created in relation with interviews and litterature studies that were used to collect data. To verify the legitimacy of the MUSk-model it was evaluated. Screen management methods evaluated by applying MUSk-model to then give an opinion on the display management method that was most optimal. The MUSk-model is presented as a result of this study and can be applied to distinguish screen management methods. Based on the elements of the MUSk-model it was determined that Windows Power Management was the most optimal screen management method.