Comment le droit international peut-il règlementer des phénomènes complexes ? Cette question se pose avec une acuité particulière en ce qui concerne la déforestation tropicale. En effet, les difficultés techniques et les intérêts divergents des États, découlant de l’interaction des multiples services assurés par les forêts, ont empêché l’adoption d’une convention internationale en ce domaine. Néanmoins, les négociations menées au sein du régime international du climat ont créé un mécanisme dit de « réduction des émissions résultant du déboisement et de la dégradation des forêts et le rôle de la conservation et de la gestion durable des forêts et du renforcement des stocks de carbone forestiers dans les pays en développement » (REDD+). Défini par un ensemble de décisions de la Conférence des parties à la convention-cadre des Nations-Unies sur les changements climatiques, il a déjà permis d’initier, sur le territoire des pays en développement, une amélioration substantielle du contrôle des ressources forestières et des réformes règlementaires et institutionnelles de grande ampleur. Notre étude se propose d’évaluer les spécificités du système normatif mis en place sur la REDD+. Elle a pour objet, en dépassant l’apparente faiblesse formelle des instruments juridiques sur lesquels il repose, de mettre en évidence sa portée normative. Elle révèle l’aptitude du droit international à règlementer des phénomènes complexes en donnant naissance à des systèmes juridiques adaptatifs. Elle démontre que la spécificité de tels systèmes normatifs réside dans la satisfaction de deux exigences opposées : la flexibilité et la sécurité juridique / How International law can regulate complex phenomenon? This question appears particularly relevant if we consider tropical deforestation. Technical issues and the opposite interests of States, stemming from interlinked services provided by forest, had prevented International community to adopt a convention on forests. Nevertheless, climate regime has recently created a so-called mechanism on « reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries and the role of conservation and sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries » (REDD+). The normative framework laid down in decisions of the Conference of the parties has stimulated control improvement on forest resources and wide-ranging reform in developing countries. The study will evaluate the specificities of this normative system by going further its apparent normative weakness. It will expose how International law manage to regulate complex phenomenon by producing adaptive legal system. The study will demonstrate that the specific feature of this system lies in its ability to conciliate two opposite needs: flexibility and legal security

[pt] Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relevância de tratados internacionais e como eles afetam políticas domésticas, bem como são afetados pelos Estados que participam dele. Para isso, será analisada a Convenção-Quadro para Controle do Tabaco da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Este tratado, de 2003 e ratificado pelo Brasil em 2005, é um bom exemplo, como será defendido neste artigo, de como o doméstico e internacional se afetam e, deste contato, são formuladas as políticas nacionais e internacionais. Esta pesquisa irá realizar um estudo de caso para analisar as disputas que ocorrem em âmbito doméstico e são externalizadas para o internacional, em particular na temática do tabagismo. Para tal, a indústria de tabaco Souza Cruz, maior do território brasileiro, será analisada sob a ótica de suas estratégias de publicidade, propaganda e patrocínio de produtos de tabaco, enquanto as Conferências das Partes, que ocorrem a cada dois anos entre os Estados- Membros da Convenção-Quadro, buscam eficiência na implementação das diretrizes do Artigo 13 da Convenção, que lida com esse tema. O estudo de caso tem como objetivo mapear a relação entre as estratégias da indústria e ação reativa das Conferências das Partes, de modo a entender como os Estados-Membros poderiam alcançar o controle do tabaco de forma mais rápida e eficiente, sem que as empresas encontrem brechas nas legislações nacionais ou na dificuldade de fiscalização das normas já implementadas no país. / [en] This article aims to analyze the relevance of international treaties and how they affect domestic policies as well as are affected by the states that participate in it. To this end, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control of the World Health Organization will be analyzed. This treaty, from 2003 and ratified by Brazil in 2005, is a good example, as will be defended in this article, of how the domestic and the international affect eachother and from this contact, national and international policies are formulated. This research will carry out a case study to analyze the disputes that occur in the domestic sphere and are outsourced to the international, in particular in the theme of smoking and tobacco. To this end, the Souza Cruz tobacco industry, the largest in Brazil, will be analyzed from the point of view of its strategies for advertising and sponsorship of tobacco products, while the Conferences of the Parties, which take place every two years between the Member States, seek efficiency in the implementation of the Article 13 guidelines of the Convention, which deals with this theme. The case study aims to map the relationship between industry strategies and reactive actions of the Conferences of the Parties, in order to understand how Member States could achieve tobacco control more quickly and efficiently, without companies finding gaps in national legislations or in the difficulty of monitoring the norms already implemented in the country.