The presidency of Barack Obama has given racial framing in the news media a new salience particularly because of the role that media coverage plays in shaping ideas about race. The racial framing that unfolds through the news media reflects new forms of racism that work to justify and explain racial inequalities without explicit references to race. In this study, I analyze the media discussion of welfare reform following a 2012 Mitt Romney attack advertisement that claimed that President Obama “gutted” welfare reform. I use discourse analysis to analyze the prevalence of controlling imagery, colorblind racist rhetoric, and the white racial frame in 91 prominent newspaper articles and political blogs that discussed this controversial advertisement. This study aims to contribute to sociological knowledge about specific language and strategies used by the media to perpetuate racism, and to demonstrate the relationship between political and social welfare discourse and racial ideologies.

Controlling images and negative stereotypes have had damaging effects on black men and women. The entertainment industry continues to play a vital role in perpetuating these historically damaging images to people all over the world. Early representations of black men and women within entertainment were performed by white men under the guise of blackface. These representations were offensive and inaccurate portrayals of black life. Early blackface minstrel performances of black women were performed by white men in blackface who were also cross-dressing. Their performances presented black women in stereotypical roles which have become a norm. Recently, there has been a phenomenon of black men cross-dressing as black women portraying negative stereotypes. These depictions done under the guise of comedy further perpetuate controlling images of black women to the world. This research examines how current and former displays of gender minstrelsy manipulate the image of Black womanhood.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem como tema as estruturas de poder da branquitude e sua mobilização para reprimir o mundo funk. Assim, objetiva: 1) denunciar formas como racismo, classismo, patriarcado e cisheteronormatividade informam a supressão de manifestações culturais subalternizadas; 2) desenvolver categoria analítica que auxilie na percepção das dinâmicas de extrativismo cultural da branquitude; 3) mapear e interpretar imagens de controle geradas pela branquitude sobre a cultura funk; 4) compreender implicações normativas de determinadas dinâmicas de poder partindo do funk; 5) estabelecer percepção mais complexa acerca das dimensões de violências, esquecimentos, resistências e permanências – pensadas para além das dimensões de controle. A partir da racialização dos sujeitos pertencentes às elites, busca-se compreender a branquitude como um espaço de privilégios e poder. Para desenvolver o Bazar dos Esquecidos como categoria analítica e espaço heterotópico, é proposto um passeio guiado por um narrador-vendedor que assumirá performances típicas da branquitude e, por vezes, se confundirá com a própria pessoa do autor. O primeiro movimento consiste na conceituação desta categoria e sua apresentação como empreendimento analítico. Em seguida, as ofertas deste são apresentadas por meio do mapeamento de imagens de controle acerca do mundo funk. Finalmente, há a saída do Bazar dos Esquecidos, a fim de situá-lo no contexto urbano contemporâneo. As dinâmicas de poder hegemônicas observadas serão compreendidas sob a lógica das estruturas interseccionadas de gênero, raça, classe e sexualidade. O mundo funk aparece sob forma de uma cultura popular de massas que resiste a estas opressões, ainda que inevitavelmente influenciada por elas. / [en] This dissertation presents the theme of whiteness power structures and their mobilization to repress the brazilian funk art world. The objectives are: 1) to expose how racism, classism, patriarchy and cisheteronormativity inform the suppression of subordinate cultures; 2) develop an analytic category that helps to perceive the whiteness dynamics of cultural extractivism; 3) map and interpret controlling images about the funk culture; 4) use the brazilian funk s example to comprehend normative power dynamics; 5) establish a more complex perception regarding the dimensions of violence, forgetfulness, resistance and persistence – considered beyond the control dimensions. Racializing the elite s subjects, is the attempted way to comprehend whiteness as a social place of privileges and power. A walk, guided by a seller-narrator that assumes some typical whiteness performances and may even be confused by the author, is proposed in order to develop the Forgetter s Bazar as an analytical category and a heterotopia. The first movement occurs so that the category s concept as well as its presentation as an analytical enterprise are formed. Following the dissertation s path, the Bazar s offers are presented through the mapping of controlling images created by local elites to stereotypically describe the funk art world. Lastly, we exit the Forgetter s Bazar in order to place it in the contemporary urban context. The hegemonical power dynamics are comprehended from the intersectional point of view. The funk art world appears as a masses popular culture that resists to these oppressions, although, unavoidably, gets influenced by them.

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