Este estudio tiene como principal objetivo examinar la relación entre la proximidad, la confianza y lealtad de los clientes hacia las tiendas de conveniencia. Según lo investigado, se pudo evidenciar un efecto positivo con las dimensiones de proximidad como access, functional, relational y social, tanto en la confianza como en la lealtad del cliente. Estas relaciones se probarán mediante un cuestionario y serán medidas por medio de la escala de Likert de 1-5 puntos. Por último, para el análisis de los resultados se utilizará la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) basado en la variancia (PLS). / The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between proximity, trust and customer loyalty towards convenience stores. As investigated, a positive effect could be evidenced with the proximity dimensions such as access, functional, relational and social, both in trust and customer loyalty. These relationships will be tested by means of a questionnaire and will be measured using the 1-5 point Likert scale. Finally, for the analysis of the results, the technique of structural equations (SEM) based on variance (PLS) will be used. / Trabajo de investigación

[pt] Inúmeras mudanças no comportamento da sociedade levaram o consumidor a querer mais rapidez e conveniência em seu cotidiano. Principalmente nos grandes centros, é latente a necessidade de conciliar a tarefa de reposição dos alimentos e itens de necessidades do consumidor com as atividades do trabalho, estudo, momentos com família e lazer. Em função dessas mudanças, o varejo de conveniência é um formato que passa por transformações no Brasil, tendo como destaque as grandes redes do varejo alimentício e as distribuidoras de combustíveis representadas por suas marcas de conveniência. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo identificar quais são os atributos considerados mais relevantes na escolha de uma loja de conveniência fora dos postos de combustíveis, segundo a visão dos consumidores e mensurar o grau de importância relativa atribuído a cada um deles. A condução da pesquisa ocorreu em duas etapas: uma primeira com caráter exploratório, em que foram entrevistados 17 consumidores e 6 gestores da área de conveniência, aspirando à identificação dos atributos relevantes no mercado de varejo de conveniência e seus níveis distintos; e uma segunda etapa quantitativa por meio da metodologia de análise conjunta para definir qual o grau de utilidade atribuído a cada um deles. Identificou-se como os principais atributos para escolha de uma loja de varejo de conveniência: mix de produtos, agilidade no atendimento, ambiente físico e localização. / [en] Numerous changes in society s behavior have led consumers to want more speed and convenience in their daily lives. Especially in large centers, there is a latent need to reconcile the task of replacing food and items of consumer needs with the activities of work, study, moments with family and leisure. As a result of these changes, convenience retail is a format that is undergoing transformations in Brazil, highlighting the large food retail chains and fuel distributors represented by their convenience brands. In this context, this dissertation aims to identify which attributes are considered most relevant when choosing a convenience store outside gas stations, according to the view of consumers; and measure the degree of relative importance attributed to each of them. The research was conducted in two stages: the first with an exploratory character, in which 17 consumers and 6 managers in the convenience area were interviewed, aiming to identify the relevant attributes in the convenience retail market and their different levels; and a second quantitative stage using the conjunct analysis methodology to define the degree of utility attributed to each of them. It was identified as the main attributes for choosing a convenience retail store: product mix, agility in service, physical environment and location.

日常在消費與飲食之前，檢視有效日期成為一種習慣性的社會行為，習以為常但並非理所當然，乃至於矛盾。基於此，本研究好奇有效日期這項制度於社會的現況為何？如何被實踐？試以眾人熟悉且店家數分布最密集的連鎖加盟便利商店—「7-Eleven統一超商」為代表性研究場域，其門市職員為面訪對象來源。研究發現到有效日期的實施與「食物浪費」之間的強烈關聯性，換言之，以「食物安全」為目的的有效日期，與「食物浪費」產生的對立、衝突，成為不可被忽略的事實。現代社會中，一方面面對著不時被討論、關懷的糧食危機議題，食物浪費的嚴重化成為最大的諷刺；另一方面食品危機層出不窮、屢見不鮮，對於食物安全的重視度成了最沉重的難題。 本研究試圖釐清「在有效日期制度存在之下，對於食物究竟可食與否，產生的兩難困境」：若不依據有效日期而食，「食物安全」令人堪憂疑慮；反之，「食物浪費」成了不得不的後果。本研究依序從制度、理性、價值面向來對此困境進行歸納與分析，最終歸結為下列五點：一、近年來，頻繁的食安風暴造成食物安全的要求加重，而易將仍可食用的食物拋棄；二、有效日期的氾濫使用致使消費者僅在意食物「過期與否」而非「可食與否」；三、越謹守有效日期所帶來的新鮮品質與安全保障，越能為業者製造更多正面名聲與商業價值；四、個人原本對於食物應負起的責任，因有效日期而轉移到整體社會來承擔，使得人們對於「食物浪費」顯得無感與忽視；五、買賣雙方對有效日期的意義認知有一定差異，前者視為「預期性安全」，後者作為「必然性浪費」。 時至今日，有效日期這項制度在社會建構下的結果，改變了社會與食物之間的關係，冀望此研究作為現代社會的反思基礎，並共同致力於未來出路。 / Checking for the expiry date before buying or eating anything, has to be one of the habitual behaviors in our daily life. This act seems usual, but actually is not necessary at all and is even a contradiction. Based on this reasoning, this research is about how the system of expiration date is being used nowadays and how it is being implemented. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews, collecting view points and experience from staff members in 7-ELEVEN President Chain Store, which is known for the most branches of convenience retailer in Taiwan. The research found that there is a robust relation between the implementation of expiration date and serious “food waste”. It means that the system of expiration date, which is for the purpose of ensuring “food safety”, will also come about vast amounts of “food waste”. Comparing with the global food crisis, “food waste” is not only a great irony but also conflicts with the maintenance of “food safety”. In view of this, the objective of this research lies in clarifying that food is edible or not will be a dilemmatic situation under the system of expiration date. If people don’t follow the expiration date it compromises “food safety”, otherwise “food waste” will be the consequence without choice. Whereas this dilemma, the research is going to integrate and analyze it sequentially via three dimensions, including system, rationality, and value. There are five following conclusions: (1) Recently, the frequent food safety issues raise the demand of safety, so it’s easier to abandon edible food. (2) Overusing the expiration date makes the consumer only focus on if food is “overdue or not” but not “edible or not”. (3) For businessmen, adhering to the expiration date more results in having more positive prestige and benefits. (4) Because of the expiration date, the responsibility of food for the individual shifts onto the whole society. (5) The understanding of expiration date between buyer and seller are different. The former views it as “Precautionary safety”, while the latter is to regard it as “Inevitable Waste”. Hopefully this research will provide reference for reflecting on the relation between society and food, and aid in finding a solution in the future.

En los últimos años, las tiendas por conveniencia han tenido un gran crecimiento en la mayoría de los distritos de Lima y dentro de algunas provincias del Perú. Estas han venido posicionándose y ganando una gran parte del mercado peruano. Los centros comerciales y las bodegas tradicionales se han visto afectados por este nuevo tipo de tiendas. El presente estudio tiene por finalidad identificar los principales factores que influyen en la decisión de compra de los clientes de las tiendas por conveniencia en el distrito de Santiago de Surco antes y durante el periodo de inmovilización social del año 2020 empleando el modelo de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB). El documento consta de 4 capítulos: Capítulo 1: se encuentra la introducción. Capítulo 2: se detalla el marco teórico donde están los antecedentes, el estado de la cuestión, los puntos caves de este proyecto y algunos conceptos generales que aportan a la investigación. Capítulo 3: indica el plan de investigación, el cual se refiere al problema principal, las hipótesis y los objetivos planteados para el desarrollo de este trabajo de investigación. Capítulo 4: se explica la metodología del trabajo, las variables, la cobertura de estudio, encuestas y el tamaño de muestra para esta investigación. Capítulo 5: se realiza el desarrollo numérico mediante gráficos y tablas de los softwares correspondientes que comprueban las hipótesis y objetivos de la investigación. Capitulo 6: se encuentran las conclusiones y recomendaciones que arrojan los resultados del presente proyecto. / In recent years, convenience stores have had great growth in most of Lima's districts and many states of Peru. These have been positioning themselves and gaining a large part of the Peruvian market. Shopping malls and traditional wineries have been affected by this new type of store. The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors influencing the purchase decision of convenience store customers in the Santiago de Surco district before and during the period of social immobilization in 2020 using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The document consists of 4 chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Theoretical framework where the background, the state of the question, the key points of this project and some general concepts that contribute to the research are detailed. Chapter 3: Indicates the research plan, which refers to the main problem, the hypotheses and the objectives set for the development of this research work. Chapter 4: Methodology, variables, study coverage, surveys, and sample size for this research are explained. Chapter 5: Numerical development is carried out by means of graphs and tables of the corresponding software that verify the hypotheses and objectives of the investigation. Chapter 6: Conclusions and recommendations of the results of this project are found. / Tesis

Las empresas se enfrentan a más competidores y tienen la necesidad de diferenciarse y no solo adaptarse para obtener la preferencia del público. Es así que los formatos de tiendas de conveniencia brindan una inmediatez y cercanía para la compra. Estas empresas deben dirigir esfuerzos a generar satisfacción en el cliente sobre todo de la generación Millennial que tienen necesidades particulares. Por ello, la investigación realizada busca determinar el efecto del tiempo de espera, atributos de tienda y calidad del servicio en la satisfacción del cliente de la generación Millennial. El enfoque utilizado fue de tipo cuantitativo, de alcance correlacional - causal, y de corte transversal y la herramienta utilizada fue la encuesta, se realizaron 464 cuestionarios. Entre los principales hallazgos están que Tambo fue la tienda más visitada por los clientes encuestados. Además, se concluye que el tiempo de espera, los atributos de tienda y la calidad de servicio sí afectan en la satisfacción del cliente con un 95% de confianza. Del mismo modo, se puede observar que la calidad de servicio es el factor más relevante y que el precio tiene un coeficiente negativo en la satisfacción del cliente, lo que se explica de manera positiva, ya que a menor precio mayor es la satisfacción del cliente. Por último, se afirma que los clientes tienen predisposición a esperar en cola, pero que al momento de elegir la opción de compra optarán por el establecimiento que les genere un menor tiempo de espera. / Companies face more competitors and have the need to differentiate themselves and not just adapt to obtain the preference of the public. Thus, the formats of convenience stores provide immediacy and closeness to the purchase. These companies must direct efforts to generate customer satisfaction, especially for the Millennial generation who have particular needs. For this reason, the research carried out seeks to determine the effect of waiting time, store attributes and service quality on customer satisfaction of the Millennial generation. The approach used was quantitative, correlational-causal, and cross-sectional and the tool used was the survey, 464 questionnaires were performed. Among the main findings are that Tambo was the most visited store by the surveyed customers. In addition, it is concluded that waiting time, store attributes and quality of service do affect customer satisfaction with 95% confidence. In the same way, it can be observed that the quality of service is the most relevant factor and that the price has a negative coefficient on customer satisfaction, which is explained in a positive way, since the lower the price, the higher the customer satisfaction. Finally, it is stated that customers have a predisposition to wait in line, but that when choosing the purchase option, they will opt for the establishment that generates the least waiting time. / Tesis

[pt] Devido ao ambiente competitivo entre as empresas, as exigências por redução de custo e maior entrega de valor ao cliente são crescentes. Desta forma, o gerenciamento efetivo da cadeia de suprimentos é cada vez mais necessário. Um componente essencial desta cadeia é o estoque, que possui dentre outras funcionalidades o papel de concretizar o atendimento da demanda do cliente final. Para tal, faz-se presente ao longo da cadeia de suprimento do cliente, edificações destinadas ao posicionamento e manuseio de estoques denominadas armazéns ou centros de distribuição. Estas instalações possuem atividade dinâmica, destacando-se a operação de picking, que corresponde por 50 porcento a 75 porcento dos custos de operação do armazém. O picking é o processo de coletar de seus locais de armazenagem os itens necessários para o atendimento dos pedidos dos clientes. Esta operação tem sido bastante impactada pelas recentes tendências do varejo devido à demanda cada vez mais complexa, maior variedade de itens e menor frequência de reposição. Um exemplo deste modelo, pouco explorado pela literatura, é o suprimento de lojas de conveniência. A partir desta carência de estudos, este trabalho pretende desenvolver um guia de avaliação de armazéns voltados ao suprimento de lojas de conveniência. Para tal, foi elaborada uma revisão de escopo da operação de picking e um estudo de caso contemplando três armazéns de duas empresas brasileiras com o intuito de demonstrar suas principais similaridades e diferenças. / [en] Due to the competitive environment among companies, the demands for cost reduction and greater added value for the customer are increasing. Therefore, effective supply chain management is extremely necessary. An essential component of this chain is the inventory, which has, among other features, the role of fulfilling the demand to the final customer. In order to support this, buildings are designed for positioning and handling inventories; they re called warehouses or distribution centers and are present throughout the customer supply chain. These facilities have dynamic activity, especially the picking operation, which corresponds for 50 percent to 75 percent of the warehouse s operating costs. Picking is the process of collecting the items needed to fulfill customer orders from their storage locations. This operation has been greatly impacted by recent retail trends due to increasingly complex demand, a greater variety of items and less frequency of replacement. An example of this model, little explored in the literature, is the supply of convenience stores. Based on this lack of studies, this work intends to develop a guide for evaluating warehouses aimed at supplying convenience stores. To this end, a scope review of the picking operation and a case study covering three warehouses of two Brazilian companies were prepared in order to demonstrate their main similarities and differences.