Bakgrund: Matsvinn har på senare tid fått stor medial uppmärksamhet samtidigt som konsumenters miljömedvetenhet har ökat. Matsvinn uppstår i hela produktflödet och anses vara ett stort miljöproblem samtidigt som det utgör en kostnad för företag. Det finns ett flertal identifierade reaktiva åtgärder för hur distributions- och butiksledet ska kunna minska detta. Däremot saknas kunskap beträffande orsaker för uppkomsten av matsvinn samt proaktiva åtgärder för att minska detta. Tidigare forskning pekar på att effektivisering av produkters flöde skulle kunna minska matsvinn. Stora livsmedelskedjor utomlands har implementerat styrningsverktyget lean för att effektivisera dess verksamhet samt minska dess matsvinn. På grund av bristen när det gäller forskning om proaktiva åtgärder samt implementering av lean-verktyg för att minska matsvinn krävs ytterligare studier för att undersöka verktygets möjlighet inom svensk dagligvaruhandel. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att redovisa faktorer som kan förklara uppkomsten av matsvinn av färskvaror inom dagligvaruhandeln. Vidare syftar studien till att redovisa en flödeskartläggning och en beskrivning av beställningsprocessen för att undersöka vilka verktyg inom styrningsverktyget lean som kan implementeras för att leda till en minskning av matsvinn. Genomförande: Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och har en multipel fallstudiedesign. Dess empiri är insamlad från fyra organisationer inom dagligvaruhandeln där intervjuer utförts på både distributionsenheter samt livsmedelsbutiker. Sammanlagt har tolv respondenter intervjuats. Slutsats: Studien konstaterar att vissa styrningsverktyg inom lean kan implementeras på företag inom den svenska dagligvaruhandeln för att minska matsvinn. Däremot har en problematisk balansgång mellan minskat matsvinn och kund nöjdhet identifierats vilket hämmar matsvinnsreducering en. Vidare har studien gett praktiska tillvägagångssätt för att effektivisera distributions- och butiksledet. Dessa hjälpmedel ska användas för att reducera aktörernas matsvinn vilket leder till minskad negativ miljöpåverkan samt ökad lönsamhet.

De senaste åren har bra kvalitet blivit allt mer viktigt för kunder, leverantörer och konsumenter. Kraven för bra kvalitet blir allt högre på produkter och tjänster. På grund av detta är det många företag som väljer att certifiera sig enligt kvalitetsledningssystemet ISO 9001. Även Corporate social responsibility har många företag infört. Syftet med det är att ta ett större ansvar mot befolkningen och för miljön. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur små företag kan implementera ISO 9001 med hjälp av Corporate Social Responsibility på ett effektivt sätt i företaget. Det har genomförts en enkätundersökning i syfte att undersöka hur många små företag i Gävleborgs-. Dalarnas- och Uppsalalän som är certifierade enligt ISO 9001 samt vad de har för syn på kvalitet och Corporate social responsibility. Det har genomförts intervjuer på Gefle kartong & Display. De som deltog i intervjun är operatörer ifrån produktionen i Karlstad och två stycken personer ifrån ledningen. Detta gjordes för att se hur de i nuläget arbetar med kvaliteten inom företaget och för att se vad de har för inställning till att i framtiden införa och certifiera sig enligt ISO 9001. ISO 9001 är ett kvalitetsledningssystem som reglerar hur ett företag ska jobba med kvaliteten inom verksamheten. De företag som väljer att certifiera sig enligt ISO 9001 måste uppfylla de krav som finns inom ISO 9001 standarden för att kunna certifiera sig. Av de företag som svarade på enkäten var det inte många som var certifierade enligt ISO 9001. Det var många av företagen som hade ledningssystem som de hade utformat själva. Utifrån intervjuerna upptäcktes det att företaget inte har något standardiserat arbetssätt för hur de jobbar med kvaliteten inom företaget. När ett kvalitetsledningssystem ska införas är det viktigt att alla i verksamheten är involverade i arbetet. Detta för att alla ska känna sig delaktiga och för att förstå varför arbetet genomförts. Det finns starka tendenser till att Corporate social responsibility är lättare att införa i en verksamhet som redan har ett fungerande kvalitetsledningssystem. / In the last years good quality has become increasingly important for customers, suppliers and consumers. Quality requirements are becoming higher on products and services. Because of this, many companies choose to obtain certification under the quality management system ISO 9001. Many enterprises have introduced Corporate social responsibility in the organization. The purpose of it is to take a greater responsibility toward people and the environment. The purpose of this work is to investigate how small businesses can implement ISO 9001 with help of Corporate Social Responsibility in an efficient way in the company. In this study I identify how many small businesses in Gävleborg- Dalarnas- Uppsala County are certified according to ISO 9001 and what their approach to quality and Corporate Social Responsibility are. Interviews have been done at Gefle Kartong & Display. Those who participated in the interview are operators and management from production in Karlstad. This was done to see how they are currently working on the quality of the company and to see what their attitude to the future introduction and certification under ISO 9001. ISO 9001 is a quality management system that regulates how a company should work with the quality of operations. Companies that choose to become certified according to ISO 9001 must meet the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard to be certified. Of the companies that responded to the survey were not many who were certified according to ISO 9001. It was many of the companies that had management that they had designed themselves. From the interviews, it was discovered that the company does not have a standardized approach to how they work with the quality of the company. When a quality management system to be introduced, it is important that all the activities involved in the work. This is for everyone to feel involved and to understand why the work carried out. There are strong tendencies to Corporate social responsibility is easier to implement in a business that already have a quality management system.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an expanding trend as more organizations have adopted various CSR policies. Due to this, CSR has been a growing topic in Business and Psychology research, especially on the micro-level of CSR’s effects on individual employee outcomes. In this study, we proposed a new sub-dimension of Person-Organization (P-O) fit, such that there’s a Person-CSR (P-CSR) fit: the perceived congruence between an individuals’ values with an organization’s CSR initiatives. We predicted that P-CSR fit would explain additional variance over and beyond P-O fit for organizational outcomes: organizational commitment, organizational identity, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Further, we predicted the relationship between P-CSR fit and these organizational outcomes would be moderated by the individual’s social responsibility values. Using a sample of 230 participants, who worked for their current organization for an average of 2.92 years and an average of 35.10 hours per week, results of this study consistently found P-CSR fit to capture additional variance over and beyond P-O fit. However, this study did not find the predicted moderating relationships. This study provides important implications for organizations that do not have CSR established, organizations that have CSR but do not make it known, and organizations that have CSR that are not proactive nor reflective of their industry.

Bakgrund: E-handeln inom modebranschen fortsätter att öka och bidrar till att konkurrensen hårdnar. Även mängden returer ökar och samtidigt ökar kraven på en hög leveransservice hos kunderna, vilket belastar returprocessen samt bidrar till en sämre miljö med ökade transporter och mer materialförbrukning. Det här blir således både en kostnadsfråga och en hållbarhetsfråga som företag verksamma inom e-handeln behöver beakta för att fortsatt profilera sig som hållbara. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur Corparate Social Responsibility kan användas inom E-handelns frakt- och returneringspolicys inom modebranschen. Genomförande: Den här studie har en kvalitativ forskningsdesign. Genom en flerfallsstudie med fyra fallföretag och en branschorganisation har det empiriska materialet bidragit till uppfyllelse av studiens syfte. Slutsats: För att företagen ska fortsätta vara lönsamma och profilera sig som hållbara behöver dem vägleda konsumenterna till bättre beslut genom att kommunicera returprocessens påverkan. Företagen behöver därmed ta ett ytterligare ansvar för den påverkan som deras verksamhet ger upphov till. På så sätt kan CSR användas inom frakt- och returneringspolicyn, där företagen driver en hållbar utveckling samt visar på deras ansvarstagande. / Background: E-commerce in the fashion industry continues to increase and contributes to a higher degree of competition. The amount of returns is also increasing and at the same time the demands for a high delivery service among customers increases. This is burdening the return process and contributing to a poorer environment with increased transports and more material consumption. Eventually, this becomes both a question about cost issue and a sustainability issue that the companies in E-commerce needs to consider in order to continue profile themselves as sustainable. Aim: The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of how Corporate Social Responsibility can be used in the E-commerce delivery- and return policies, in the fashion industry. Design: This study has a qualitative research design. Through a multiple case study with four case companies and one organization the empirical material has contributed to fulfilling the purpose of the study. Conclusion: In order for the companies to continue to be profitable and to be able to profile themselves as sustainable they need to communicate the impact of the return process. This in order to guide the consumers to make better decisions. The companies therefore need to take additional responsibility for the impact that their business gives rise to. In this way CSR can be used within the delivery- and return policy, where the companies drive sustainable development and demonstrate their responsibility.

<p>During the last years, the moral and ethics in companies has been a growing subject in media. Large multinational companies are to a bigger extent using workforce in developing countries and the working conditions at the workplaces in those countries, are more or less controlled. Even if a company carefully controls its own business, it can be using subcontractors that for instance use child labour or forced labour, or in some other way makes human rights abuses. When the world gets more globalized and the market where the companies act gets bigger, there will be new issues for companies to handle. The companies have to satisfy not only the interests of the costumers and the shareholders, but also the environment around it, containing many different stakeholders. Many companies do this by implementing "Codes of Conduct" and by working with what is often named <em>Corporate Social Responsibility</em> (CSR).</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to interrogate how a company can adapt its work with CSR towards its stakeholders. The company chosen is Electrolux, since they have been praised by Globe Forum for their work with CSR in the category <em>Business Operation</em> and <em>Reporting. </em>To evaluate the performance of Electrolux, we have used the ten principles of the UN Global Compact. The ten principles states what can be done by companies in four different areas: human rights; working conditions; environment and anticorruption.</p><p>To do the evaluation we have been studying theories that explain a company's relations to its stakeholders (stakeholder theory) as well as a theory of CSR (Carrols four step pyramid). The data collection has been made mainly from reports from Electrolux, but also other documents and newspaper articles have been used.</p><p>The results indicate that Electrolux have managed to do such a successful job with CSR because they listen to all of its stakeholders and also shows them that they actually implement specific operations to take responsibility.</p>

During the last years, the moral and ethics in companies has been a growing subject in media. Large multinational companies are to a bigger extent using workforce in developing countries and the working conditions at the workplaces in those countries, are more or less controlled. Even if a company carefully controls its own business, it can be using subcontractors that for instance use child labour or forced labour, or in some other way makes human rights abuses. When the world gets more globalized and the market where the companies act gets bigger, there will be new issues for companies to handle. The companies have to satisfy not only the interests of the costumers and the shareholders, but also the environment around it, containing many different stakeholders. Many companies do this by implementing "Codes of Conduct" and by working with what is often named Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The purpose of this thesis is to interrogate how a company can adapt its work with CSR towards its stakeholders. The company chosen is Electrolux, since they have been praised by Globe Forum for their work with CSR in the category Business Operation and Reporting. To evaluate the performance of Electrolux, we have used the ten principles of the UN Global Compact. The ten principles states what can be done by companies in four different areas: human rights; working conditions; environment and anticorruption. To do the evaluation we have been studying theories that explain a company's relations to its stakeholders (stakeholder theory) as well as a theory of CSR (Carrols four step pyramid). The data collection has been made mainly from reports from Electrolux, but also other documents and newspaper articles have been used. The results indicate that Electrolux have managed to do such a successful job with CSR because they listen to all of its stakeholders and also shows them that they actually implement specific operations to take responsibility.

Background Svenska Spel is a regulated company run by the state and government, where CSR, community and social responsibility is in focus. The highly regulated Swedish gaming market has in recent years become more exposed to competition by foreign unregulated betting companies thru Internet. Problem discussion There are two views regarding CSR and how they are affecting competitive advantage and profitability. On one hand, it suggests that companies foremost shall focus profits and act in the best interest of the shareholders. On the other hand, it connects CSR to be a contributor to competitive advantage that increases the company’s profitability. Problem formulation Svenska Spel is competing with other betting companies who doesn´t act under the same conditions, betting companies that don´t have a responsibility to the state. Svenska Spel has legal obligations to adopt CSR into their business. The other companies choose themselves how they want to act with CSR on the gaming market, they have greater opportunities to choose a strategy that they think is the best. Problem definition Which approach has the unregulated gaming companies on CSR compared with Svenska Spel and their social responsibility in the gaming market? Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare Svenska Spel with unregulated gambling companies based on how they present and use CSR in the gaming market. Method The scientific method in this study adopted a qualitative, deductive approach with a descriptive touch. The study was based upon the theoretical concepts of CSR and competition, and applied to the empirical study, consisting of data from interviews and secondary sources. The empirical data were the basis for the authors' interpretations through the theoretical frame to complete analyzes and conclusions. Conclusion Svenska Spel´s CSR is deeply implemented in their business and strategies and is the basis for how they operate. The unregulated companies see CSR as a sideline with a relatively strong focus on player responsibility, which also is Svenska Spel´s most important part. Every company in this study upholds an 18-year-old limit for games and the biggest difference between Svenska Spel and the unregulated gaming companies is the player’s budget limit, at Svenska Spel it is mandatory to define your playing budget limit in order to access the games, at the unregulated companies it is optional.

Syfte: Examensarbetet har skrivits för att testa om ett CSR-budskap baserat på ett värdeteoretiskt ramverk har högre trovärdighet hos en presumtiv kund än ett budskap som inte är det.Metod: I detta examensarbete har endast primärdata använts som samlats in genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Dataanalysen har sedan skett utifrån ett kvantitativt förhållningssätt. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet i studien visar att företag som önskar öka trovärdigheten i sin CSR-kommunikation bör överväga att använda sig av ett värdeteoretiskt ramverk i sin kommunikation. Resultatet stödjer Schmeltz tes från 2014 om att ett värdeteoretiskt ramverk kan bidra till att öka den uppfattade trovärdigheten hos en presumtiv kund. Det finns dock viss skillnad i uppfattning mellan könen där kvinnor generellt mottar budskapen mer positivt. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Det skulle vara intressant att närmare studera skillnaderna i uppfattning av CSR-budskapen mellan könen i synnerhet om det i en större kontext verkligen är så att män uppfattar kompetensvärderingar med högre trovärdighet än vad kvinnor gör och att kvinnor uppfattar personliga värderingar med högre trovärdighet än vad män gör. Uppsatsens bidrag: Den här uppsatsen visar att kommunikatörer och marknadschefer inom privatresebranschen bör överväga att använda ett värdeteoretiskt ramverk när de kommunicerar CSR med sina presumtiva kunder om de har ambitionen att öka den uppfattade trovärdigheten i sina budskap.

This diploma thesis is focused on CSR (corporate social responsibility), the possibilities of this approach, which are offered by the market and its using particularly from the perspective of the smaller companies. The aim of this diploma thesis is to propose a procedure for CSR application in a company Bisport s. r. o., which focuses primarily on boats renting, as well as other related services along the river Sázava based on analyzes of perception and the possibility of social responsibility. To accomplish this objective is using research of the literature and other secondary sources, the own analysis of the perception of the social responsibility consumers based on data MML-TGI available at the University, and then the information from internal company sources of Bisport s. r. o., where I work some years.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is rapidly gathering momentum in the private, public and non-profit sectors over the last few years. First, the old business concept of placing profits and shareholders before principles is being replaced towards more accountability to shareholders and stakeholders. Second, running a business has become more public and a privilege dependent on the will of stakeholders. Third, it has become external where people affected by a firm’s decision have a voice in decision making. These reasons make CSR a strategic business imperative for sustainable growth of many firms. In CSR, paradoxically, there exists a lot of literature with an equal dearth of studies. Several streams of research and theory have been followed. One line of research has focused on the relationship between CSR and specific organizational field like financial performance or business ethics. Exploration of CSR as a comprehensive socio-economic cultural initiative remains limited. Another line of research has developed various conceptual and theoretical models, based on the debate which ranges between two extreme views, namely the classical(the business of business is business) and the socioeconomic(obligation to society for its existence). However, there is no empirical investigation on these differing(or dominant) views. A third line of CSR research is comparative studies, albeit limited and mostly based on web based, secondary data. Lastly, formal policy led collaboration between corporate and government remains largely unexplored. Specifically, in India, where CSR has the potential to usher in major social development, the focus it receives in development literature is distinctly low. This study recognizes these gaps and attempts a comparative study, taking an empirical approach, and furthermore, explores the larger area of CSR and public policy. The following objectives were defined: • Empirically investigate firms operating in India in order to understand their dominant(and differentiating) corporate social responsibility orientations. • To apply the Oliver E.Williamson’s (1985) framework of decision making (as illustrated by David Kreps) on corporate social responsibility. • To determine the nature of government policies and practices that will bring about more effective CSR by firms operating in India. These objectives were investigated through a questionnaire survey administered to the CEO/CSR head (decision maker) of those organizations which undertook CSR initiatives over a period of six months. The response rate was 17.7%. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Factor Analysis, Yate’s Chi-square test and Kruskal Wallis test were used to test the hypotheses and propositions developed. Investigations on overall CSR orientation (CSRO) of firms operating in India, through the Williamson’s framework, highlighted transaction cost economic as the dominant CSRO of firms operating in India. However these were variations according to country of origin. Significant differences in CSRO were also found according to ownership, size and nature of industry. However firms did not significantly differ on their social initiatives. To the extent that strategic concerns are important, the strategic choice of corporate social initiative was governed by considerations of the local institutional environment, and not their social orientation. Investigations on government policies for effective CSR practices highlighted corporate desire for a facilitative government approach(versus collaborative or regulatory). Firms wanted government facilitation in stakeholder management, publicity and endorsement, framing formal rules for community welfare and social disclosure. These results have implications for the industry as well as national development. Conclusions and implications of these results are discussed, and conceptual and methodological avenues for further research are illustrated.