Apoiando-se nos estudos pós-críticos do currículo, este trabalho se propõe a analisar, numa perspectiva histórica, os três últimos currículos de História paulistas (Guia Curricular para o Ensino de 1º grau de 1975, a Proposta Curricular para o Ensino de História de 1º grau de 1986, a Proposta Curricular de História para o 1º grau de 1992), além do PCN de História de 1998. A leitura da bibliografia referente ao tema nos mostrou que a maior parte dos estudos que se dedicaram aos currículos em questão partia de ferramentas conceituais próximas dos estudos críticos do currículo, enfatizando questões como a relação entre o currículo e o poder estatal, a importância da autoria do currículo para sua própria definição, entre outras. Essas questões foram problematizadas e os limites de algumas delas, apontados. Em segundo lugar, procedeuse à análise da trajetória histórica daqueles documentos curriculares a partir de outros instrumentos de análise, como a relação entre poder e discurso, a regionalização do poder, a produção de subjetividades, entre outros. Percebemos que, se a noção de experiência do aluno é um fator importantíssimo na Proposta de 1986, elemento de radicalidade contra o Guia de 1975 - o qual estava marcado pela sua excessiva fragmentação -, mais adiante esse mesmo conceito foi reapropriado nas Propostas de 1992 e no PCN de 1998, mas já sob um outro significado. Ou seja: aquilo que serviu como instrumento de um contrapoder ao Guia de 75 pela Proposta de 86 foi, logo depois, transformado e acomodado nos documentos curriculares da Proposta de 92 e no PCN de 98. Outro ponto importante foi a entrada do discurso acadêmico no corpo do texto curricular da Proposta de 86, fato esse que veio se mantendo até o PCN de 98. Dessa forma, tanto a incorporação do discurso acadêmico quanto o termo experiência discente são expressões que entraram no discurso curricular desde a Proposta de 86 e que se mantiveram - apesar das modificações operadas em torno do conceito de experiência. / Based on post-critic curriculum studies, this dissertation aims to analyse - after the historical approach - the three last history curricula from São Paulo (Curricular Teaching Guidebook for the Primary and Secondary School -,1975, Curricular Proposal for History Teaching for the Primary and Secondary School - 1986 and Curricular Proposal for History Teaching for the Primary and Secondary School - 1992) and the 1998 PCN (National Curricular Parameters) of History. The reading on the literature in this specific field has shown that most of the studies related to the curricula above had their starts from conceptual tools close to critic curriculum studies, emphasising aspects such as the relationship between curriculum and state power, the importance of curriculum authorship to its own definition, among others. Those aspects were firstly debated and some of them had their limits outlined. Secondly, analyses of the historical courses of those documents were made, based on analytical tools such as the relation between power and discourse, power fragmentation, the production of subjectivities, and so on. It has been perceived that despite the fact that the notion of the students\' experience is an extremely important factor in the Proposal of 86 - radically opposed to the Guidebook of 75, which is characterised by its excessive fragmentation. Later, the same concept was re-appropriated in the Proposal of 92 and the PCN of 98, but having other meaning. In other words, what had once been used as a counter-power instrument towards the Guidebook of 75 and the Proposal of 86, was transformed and incorporated into the Proposal of 92 and the PCN of 98. Another important aspect was the addition of the academic discourse to the text of the Proposal of 86, which remained until the PCN of 98. That being so, not only the incorporation of the academic discourse but also the term student experience have been present in the curricular discourse since the Proposal of 86, in spite of the changes made around the term experience.

Book Summary: Provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of the poetry, drama, fiction, and literary and cultural criticism produced from the Restoration of the English monarchy to the onset of the French Revolution Comprises over 340 entries arranged in A-Z format across three fully indexed and cross-referenced volumes Written by an international team of leading and emerging scholars Features an impressive scope and range of subjects: from courtship and circulating libraries, to the works of Samuel Johnson and Sarah Scott Includes coverage of both canonical and lesser-known authors, as well as entries addressing gender, sexuality, and other topics that have previously been underrepresented in traditional scholarship Represents the most comprehensive resource available on this period, and an indispensable guide to the rich diversity of British writing that ushered in the modern literary era

Joanna Baillie, a drama critic as well as a dramatist, began during the last decade of the eighteenth century to develop her own theory of tragedy and comedy, based on human emotions, the elemental instincts that prompted Shakespeare's characters to action over two hundred years before. Baillie could not escape Shakespeare's early influence; even if she had tried, critics and colleagues regularly reminded her of her debt. While Baillie admitted her poetical debt to Ossian and to Robert Burns, her Romantic "naturalness" was indeed fresh and original. Her dramatic writing, however, followed many of the themes of Shakespeare — love, hate, revenge, jealousy, ambition — and she defended and defined her focus on such passions in her "Introductory Discourse" to A Series of Plays, whereas Shakespeare was tacit about his scheme if, in fact, he had one.

This thesis suggests that journalistic theatre criticism is a necessary and vital aspect of the theatre, promoting a healthy theatre community and culture. A healthy theatre community is supported by critics and artists alike, and is one where citizens are excited about the theatre, desiring to participate and engage with it often. It is one where artists and spectators listen, respect, and trust one another, being open to opinions and suggestions that may enhance and improve the theatre community. A healthy theatre community strives to provide theatre that may be multi-faceted in purpose, but allows for opportunities to challenge, uncover, teach, or simply entertain to become magnified, creating transformative experiences within the viewers. In the most utopic state, healthy theatre causes epiphanies that provide glimpses of a better world, one where individuals and societies may know peace. These interactions, with the magic that theatre can bring, may benefit communities on a level ultimately akin to changing the world. Journalistic criticism supports such healthy theatre by increasing interest and viewership, contributing to the theatre's growth, and recognizing ways in which it can utilize its deepest potential. In this thesis, I have performed qualitative and action research in order to evaluate myself as a critic. The thesis also explores how criticism functions in our society and, further, how it should function. I have analyzed various theatrical reviews I have written, and placed them into three sections, each representing a distinct element of theatre criticism. These elements comprise the most fundamental and vital functions of a review that leads to a healthy and improved theatre community. These sections are: “Increasing Promotion,” “Honest and Specific Feedback,” and “Emphasizing Social Justice.” Grouping the reviews into these sections, I will identify how I have contributed to the field of theatre criticism, and to these three realms in particular. I will also be able to recognize and indicate how I can progress as a critic to help support the field of journalistic theatre criticism. This thesis is very insular, personal, and beholden to me, presenting distinct limitations. The value of this work lies primarily in giving aspiring critics the opportunity to learn from my experiences and insights. Above all, this thesis holds value because of the improved critic I have become from completing it, ultimately able to better serve people in my writing for years to come.

This research report follows a group of educators, project managers and scientists involved in a norm-critical project: Norm Creative Certification. The aim of this study is to examine the proposal for, and obstacles to, a norm-critical change that the group discusses in relation to the project and its educational context. The research report also examines whom are expected to make the norm-critical change. For gathering the empirical material the method participant observation is used. Further, the material has been analyzed inspired by Carol Bacchis policy analysis method What is the problem represented to be? Carol Bacchis method has worked indicative, since the material is more organic than a policy. The research report has been analyzed in the context of theories of intersectionality and Kevin Kumashiros theory about antioppressive pedagogy. The obstacles that the reference group refers to a norm-critical change is partly a threatening outside world and an internal feminist critic, the lack of action, a fake (internal) self-image and a fear of the discomfort and resistance that norm-critical change raises. The components that the group suggests for a positive development, is linked to the experience-based learning, an interested attitude of the practitioner, the relation to time and an understanding of conflict, power and domination. What also emerges is that the norm-critical change occurs in the individual, which is assumed not to have any experience of being outside the norm. A duality emerges overall as the group relates to two parallel ideas and pedagogical approaches. Partly the group relates to a "market" where assignments will be carried out and where it is stressed that action without understanding is a way to a norm-critical change. At the same time signed an opposite condition for a norm-critical change, where time, your own experience, understanding and self-reflexivity stands in the center. Here the focus is on longer processes, the individual and the learning processes.

Camille Mauclair (1872-1945) est l'un des auteurs qui comptent non seulement parmi les plus prolifiques mais aussi parmi les plus lus de son temps. S'il a su puiser dans toutes les occasions offertes par la Troisième République, investissant sa curiosité des débuts dans différents genres (roman, poésie, essai et critique), c'est toutefois en tant que critique d'art qu'il s'affirme professionnellement. Ce travail de recherche retrace le parcours professionnel et intellectuel de Mauclair, des années modernistes du symbolisme aux années de l'entre-deux-guerres et de l'Occupation, et explique à travers l'histoire des idées comment un auteur internationaliste a placé la question nationale au cœur de son débat et est progressivement devenu un pôle de conservatisme et de réaction. Sa perception d'un art national basé sur le XVIIIe siècle inaugure une histoire de l'art vulgarisatrice et nationaliste. La notion de crise devient pour lui une clé pour la compréhension du système de l'art qui l'entoure. La radicalisation de ses thèses l'amènera à une collaboration déterminante avec l'homme influent de l'extrême-droite François Coty et cette collaboration fera de Mauclair un pamphlétaire de l'art. Au début de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, le critique adhère à la presse collaborationniste et ses choix réactionnaires et antisémites lui coûteront la postérité. / Camille Mauclair (1872-1945) was one of the most prolific and most read authors of his times. He used every opportunity offered to him by the Third Republic and he engaged his talents to many literary genres: fiction, poetry, essays, and critiques. However, he only established himself professionally as an art critic. This thesis traces the professional and intellectual itinerary of Camille Mauclair from his early preoccupation with the modernism of symbolism to his later reactionary period and seeks to explain how an initially internationalist author placed the national idea at the heart of his debate. His perception of national art as starting from the l8th century launches a popularizing and nationalist art history. He furthermore develops the notion of crisis in ail levels and he turns it into a key to the understanding of the system of modern art. The radicalization of his opinions leads to his collaboration with the powerful figure of extreme-right François Coty which will make him a profession al lampoonist. During the Second World War, Mauclair joins the collaborationist press and his reactionary and anti-Semitic opinions will ruin his posthumous fate.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Capa.pdf: 24945 bytes, checksum: 7d1a8c4a3d900886a679de2a39dcf420 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-06 / The paper objects to analyze the film critic during the period known as the restart (Retomada) of the national cinema. It was chosen the major vehicles in terms of circulation in the southeast region of Brazil, the newspapers O Globo (Rio de Janeiro), Folha de S.Paulo e O Estado de S.Paulo (São Paulo) and the weekly magazine Veja, in order to make a content analysis of the six biggest box office of the restart period and, after that, check the reception of them by their directors, by semi-structured interviews. The intention is to analyze which conflicts exists in the relation between the film critics and the directors, in order to contribute to a better understanding of those very important elements of the film industry. The confront of the analysis material with the interviews confirmed the hypothesis of the existence of conflicts of values and opinions between both sides and permitted to identify pre-judgments, sympathies and antipathies, emotional and non-based analysis of some film critics and directors, but also based thoughts of others, showing a rich diversity that doesn t fit into just one definition.(AU) / O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a crítica cinematográfica durante o período chamado de Retomada do cinema nacional. Foram escolhidos os maiores veículos de circulação da região Sudeste do País, os jornais O Globo (Rio de Janeiro), Folha de S.Paulo e O Estado de S.Paulo (São Paulo) e a revista Veja para fazer uma análise de conteúdo das críticas das seis maiores bilheterias da Retomada para, em seguida, conferir a recepção das mesmas pelos diretores desses filmes, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A intenção é analisar quais conflitos permeiam a relação entre os críticos de cinema e os cineastas, a fim de contribuir para o melhor entendimento do trabalho de dois elementos dos mais importantes da área de cinema. O confronto do material da análise com as entrevistas confirmou a hipótese da existência de conflitos de valores e opiniões entre os dois lados e permitiu identificar pré-julgamentos, simpatias e antipatias, análises emotivas e não-fundamentadas de alguns críticos e cineastas, mas também opiniões e valores fundamentados de outros, demonstrando uma rica diversidade que não se encaixa em uma única definição.(AU)

Submitted by ALINE CARVALHO MARTINS null (alinecarvalhomartins@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-29T01:32:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese defesa com correções.pdf: 2266757 bytes, checksum: a86bbd4a6396a41dc83d25dac4029acf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-29T16:45:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_ac_dr_jabo.pdf: 2266757 bytes, checksum: a86bbd4a6396a41dc83d25dac4029acf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-29T16:45:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_ac_dr_jabo.pdf: 2266757 bytes, checksum: a86bbd4a6396a41dc83d25dac4029acf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O monepantel, anti-helmíntico de uma nova classe, foi desenvolvido e colocado no mercado recentemente, como solução para criações com helmintos de ovinos multirresistentes. Após pouco tempo de utilização, foram relatados casos de resistência contra o produto. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil de resistência ao monepantel em criações de ovinos em uma microrregião em torno de Jaboticabal-SP e caracterizar experimentalmente a resistência ao monepantel em isolado de Haemonchus contortus. Foi realizado o teste de redução de ovos em dez propriedades ovinocultoras próximas a Jaboticabal/SP, identificando a eficácia do monepantel e levantando o histórico da utilização do produto para determinação de fatores de risco associados à resistência. Obteve-se isolado de H. contortus resistente para teste crítico. Após coleta de fezes dos animais oriundos de propriedade onde o vermífugo foi ineficaz, obteve-se larvas infectantes que foram inoculadas em dois doadores para obtenção de fêmeas de H. contortus. Larvas infectantes deste isolado foram inoculadas em dez animais. Após confirmada a patência, cinco animais receberam monepantel, grupo tratamento, e cinco não receberam, grupo controle. Exames de OPG foram realizados nos dias 0 (dia do tratamento), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 e os animais eutanasiados no dia 14, avaliando o número de H. contortus no abomaso dos animais dos dois grupos. Revelou-se que em duas propriedades o monepantel foi ineficaz, em duas foi eficaz e nas outras seis foi altamente eficaz. Os principais fatores predisponentes detectados foram: intervalos curtos entre vermifugações, não alternância com outras bases químicas, tratamento massivo, raça e intensificação da criação. Observou-se H. contortus resistente após realização do teste crítico com eficácia de 24,65%. Conclui-se que helmintos de ovinos já estão resistentes ao monepantel em criações brasileiras localizadas no estado de São Paulo, especialmente o H. contortus. / Monepantel, anthelmintic of a new class, was recently developed and released to the international market, it was presented as a solution for properties with multirresistant helminthes. However, with little time utilization, were related cases of resistance against this product. The objectives of this work were evaluate the resistance profile of monepantel on sheep creations at a microregion around Jaboticabal-SP and characterize experimentally the monepantel resistance on Haemonchus contortus isolate. Initially, was accomplished egg count reduction test at ten ovine properties located around Jaboticabal-SP, identifying the monepantel efficacy and investigating the history of product use for determination risk factors resistance associated. Posteriorly, a H. contortus resistant isolate was obtained for the critic test. After animals collect stoll of a resistance suspected proprierty, there were obtained infective larvae that were inoculated on two donors for females of H. contortus obtainment and after, infective larvae production for inoculation in ten animals. After patency confirmed, five animals received monepantel, treatment group, and five didn’t receive, control group. The treatment day was day 0. Fecal egg counts were performed on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 and the animals were euthanized on day 14, evaluating the H. contortus number in the sheep abomaso of both groups. The results of the fisrt part study revealed the monepantel was ineffective in two properties, was effective in two properties and highly effective on six properties. The risk factors detected were: short interval between anthelmintic treatments, no alternation with other chemical bases, massive treatment, breed, intensification of creation. In a second step, was observed H. contortus resistant after performed the critc test, with an efficacy of 24,65%. We concluded that sheep helminths are already monepantel resistant in brazilian creations located at São Paulo state, especially Haemonchus contortus.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 muneratto_bg_me_assis.pdf: 1959753 bytes, checksum: 9532fb758364041e9a284b2637cac21d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este trabalho aborda o diálogo entre o crítico de arte Mário Pedrosa e o escultor estadunidense Alexander Calder enquanto fonte de informações estéticas para artistas do chamado projeto construtivo brasileiro. A postura de Pedrosa como organizador da cultura ganhou outro patamar quando ele inicia um programa em defesa da inserção da arte abstrata na lógica artística nacional. Isso só foi possível ao crítico a partir de seu contato com a obra de Alexander Calder que, por sua vez, inaugurou uma estética inovadora na escultura. Unindo postulados da engenharia mecânica e sua grande inspiração circense, Calder deu origem a obras de natureza móvel: os móbiles e com eles reformulou o próprio conceito de escultura. Essas novas possibilidades plásticas apontadas por Calder foram responsáveis por muitas das inovações artísticas no Brasil, pois elas trouxeram a Pedrosa um expressivo alargamento de horizontes para com o fenômeno artístico, sendo desencadeador direto de sua ação como crítico e mentor de uma geração de jovens e brilhantes artistas do Neoconcretismo / Our work treats the dialogue between the art critic Mário Pedrosa and the north-American sculptor Alexander Calder while source of esthetic information to artist of the Brazilian constructive project. Mário Pedrosa‟s as culture organizer gain another level when he starts a program in defense of abstract art and its insertion in the Brazilian‟s artistic logic. This was possible to the critic only after his contact with Alexander Calder‟s workmanship that, by his turn, started a pioneer esthetic in sculpture. Joining postulates of mechanics engineering and his great inspiration on circus, Calder gave origin of mobiles sculptures and it reformulates the concepts of sculpture. These new possibilities pointed by Calder was responsible for many of the artistic innovations in Brazil, because they brought to Pedrosa a expressive widening of horizons with the artistic phenomenon, being directly responsible by his action wile critic and mentor of the brilliant and young artists generation of Neoconcretism

O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a concepção de História da Natureza que Kant desenvolve em ensaios pequenos publicados entre 1775 e 1788. Para isso, nós expomos a teoria kantiana de ciência, primeiramente, de um ponto de vista tipológico geral e, posteriormente, de um ponto de vista específico, isto é, inicialmente apresentamos os tipos de ciência (as genuínas e as não genuínas), e depois nos aprofundamos na ciência genuína (matemática e física). No segundo capítulo, apresentamos os esquemas gerais da história da natureza, que são: ciência das origens e separada; a ideia de adaptação das espécies e o fixismo; os germes e disposições; as influências de Buffon, Maupertuis e Stahl. No último capítulo, tratamos de desenvolver as características mais importantes da teleologia empregue no julgamento dos organismos. / The aim of this research is to investigate Kants idea of History of Nature developed in minor essays publicated between 1775 and 1788. For this, we expound the Kantian theory of science, firstly in a general typological point of view, that is, we show the types of sciences (genuine or not genuine). Secondly in a specific point of view, we study the genuine science (mathematics and physics). Then we investigate the general schemes of history of nature, that is, the idea of species adaptation and the fixism; germs and dispositions; influences of Buffon, Maupertuis and Stahl. In the last chapter we focus on the most important characteristics of teleology used in organisms judgement.