Customer Relationship Management (CRM) har beskrivits som en filosofi, en teknologi, en strategi, en process och ett IT-system. Det finns ingen allmängiltig definition av CRM vilket har lett till svårigheter att identifiera och definiera tillförlitliga mått vid mätning av dess effektivitet. Detta har lett till att företag skämtsamt brukar benämna att CRM står för ”Can‟t Really Measure”. Oavsett har flertalet modeller, mått och system tagits fram för att kunna göra CRM-insatser mätbara. Ett sätt att mäta CRM som förespråkas är användningen av en kombination av finansiella (försäljningstillväxt, ROI) respektive icke-finansiella (kundnöjdhet, kundlojalitet m.m.) mått. Denna studie undersöker hur sju stora företag i Sverige inom varierande branscher mäter och definierar sina CRM-aktiviteter. Studien utforskar även vilka mått som företagen anser är mest relevanta och vad som är målet med deras CRM-program. Studien visar att företagen mäter sina CRM insatser på olika sätt och med fokus på olika mått. 6 av de 7 studerade företagen fokuserar på finansiella mått och kundnöjdhet. 5 av 7 mäter inte kundlojalitet som företagen själva i sina definitioner av CRM anser är viktigt. Ingen av företagen prioriterar mätning av medarbetarnöjdhet, belöningsprogram eller företagskultur som är en del av den grundläggande infrastrukturen bakom CRM vilket är några av de mått som lägger grunden för att skapa förståelse för CRM på högre nivåer inom företagen. Skillnaderna i definitionerna från de studerade företagen stärker att det inte finns en allmängiltig betydelse av CRM.

Title: Register now and stay in touch – a study about the relationship between CRM-system and business performance. Purpose: The purpose with the study is to identify if there is a positive relationship between CRM-system and business performance in Swedish multinational companies in the industrial sector. Audience: This essay is addressed to the Swedish multinational companies in the industrial sector. Methodology/ Approach / Design: We have applied a qualitative method, with a deductive approach. Through an in-depth interview with the case company Benzlers AB, which provided the empirical basis, supplemented with the CSI-values. Conclusion: The study has presented evidence, that there is a positive relationship between CRM-system and business performance which has been confirmed by the positive increase in the CSI-value after the implementation of the CRM-system. Originality/ Value/ Contribution to knowledge The study contributes with its own results that fill in the knowledge gap about the subject in Sweden. The study finds that the CRM-system effectives the interaction with the customer and thereby business performance increase, with the CSI-value as unit. This therefore increases the value and importance of investigation of Swedish multinational companies, whose purpose is to satisfy the customer and at the same time, increase the business performance. Future research: For future research we suggest publishers to base the empirical basis through additional in-depth interviews with added case companies. In order to confirm the relationship between its validity in the industry, and also indentify what happens between inputs and outputs, which leads to increased business performance. Keywords: Customer Relation Management (CRM), CRM-system, customer satisfaction, business performance, Customer-Satisfied-Index. Thesis type: Business economy 61-91, Bachelor essay, Marketing (15 credits), spring 2010th. / Titel: Register now and stay in touch – en studie om sambandet mellan CRM-system och företagsprestation. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att identifiera om det finns ett positivt samband mellan CRM-system och företagsprestation i svenska multinationella företag, verksamma inom industribranschen. Publik: Denna uppsats riktar sig mot svenska multinationella företag inom industribranschen. Metodik/ Ansats/ Design: Vi har tillämpat oss av en kvalitativ metodansats, med ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Genom en djupgåendeintervju med fallföretaget Benzlers AB tillhandahålls det empiriska underlaget som kompletteras med NKI-värden. Slutsatser: Undersökningen har framlagt bevis för att det finns ett positivt samband mellan CRM-system och företagsprestation vilket har påvisats genom den positiva ökningen av NKI-värdet efter implementering av CRM-systemet. Orginalitet/ Värde/ Kunskapsbidrag Undersökningen omfattar egna bidrag med resultat som fyller en kunskapslucka inom ämnet i Sverige. Undersökningen konstaterar att CRM-systemet effektiviserar samspelet med kunden och därmed ökar företagsprestationen, med NKI-värde som måttenhet. Därav ökar värdet och betydelsen av undersökningen för svenska multinationella företag vars syfte är att tillfredsställa kunden och samtidigt öka företagsprestationen.   Framtida forskning: Inför framtida forskning ger vi förlag på att basera det empiriska underlaget på fler djupgående intervjuer med fallföretag. I syfte att bekräfta sambandet och dess validitet i näringslivet, och även identifiera vad som sker mellan input och output vilket därmed leder till ökad företagsprestation. Nyckelord: Customer Relationship Management (CRM), CRM-system, kundtillfredsställelse, företagsprestation, Nöjd-Kund-Index. Uppsats typ: Företagsekonomi 61-90, kandidatuppsats, Marknadsföring (15 hp), VT 2010.

A.Kurilavičius. Sporto prekių internetinis valdymo sistemos diegimo modulis. Savo darbe, bandžiau Jus supažindinti su šių dienų CRM sistemomis. Kaip pateiktieji produktai veikia, kas yra siūloma. Mano tema plėtojosi ties smulkiu ir vidutiniu verslu, o šiuo atveju sporto prekių sfera. Antroje dalyje bandoma įrodyti, kad CRM naudinga ir efektyvi priemonė smulkiajam ir vidutiniam verslui. Pabaigoje, paprasčiausiai parodoma kaip pasinaudoti konkrečiu sporto prekių diegimo moduliu, jį įsidiegti ir naudotis. / A.Kurilavičius. Internet management system installation module for sport goods. My job was written to introduce you how works CRM in our days. What products are suggesting for users and what we can suggest for small business companies, as my example, for sport goods sphere. Secondly, we want to prove organization to use IT technologies, especially, CRM. Showing how we can use this in small or average business companies. At the finish you can see how works our chosen systems (Sugar CRM) in small or average business companies, for example sport goods. I show how to create module and use it.

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Syfte: Att undersöka hur olika mindre och medelstora företag (SME-företag) använder sociala medier i sitt CRM-arbete (kundrelationshanteringsarbete) för att skapa nya men också vidareutveckla och bearbeta redan befintliga kundrelationer. Metod: Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats, med fokus på dokumentstudier på webben. Undersökningen utfördes genom att studera fyra olika företag, tvåhandelsbolag och två tjänstebolag, som använder sociala medier som en del i deras arbete med CRM. Resultat och Slutsats: De företag som vi studerat använder sociala medier som ett verktyg i rättriktning för ett lyckat arbete med CRM. Det vi kommit fram till är att sociala medier underlättar arbetet med CRM samtidigt som det kär en effektiv marknadsföringskanal. Resultatet frånundersökningen visar att sociala medier bidrar till många fördelar för företaget, exempelvismöjlighet till feedback, viral marknadsföring, Word-of-Mouth-marknadsföring, personlig kontakt och direkt interaktion mellan företaget och kunden, samtidigt som det är kostnadseffektivt. Förslag till Vidare Forskning: Denna studie har lagt en grund till vidare forskning, där man genomintervjuer kan intervjua olika företag och nyckelpersoner inom dessa företagen. Genom att använda en kvalitativ metod med fokusgrupper eller semistrukturerade intervjuer kan man gå in djupare i ämnet för att förstå skillnaden och hitta likheter med tillvägagångssätten i strategier och metoder, som tjänstebolagen och handelsbolagen använder på sociala medier. Uppsatsen Bidrar med: Uppsatsen bidrar till ökad förståelse för hur handelsbolag och tjänstebolag använder sociala medier för att arbeta med CRM, samt vilka likheter och skillnader det finns i arbetet och hur detta påverkar deras CRM. Studien redogör för tidigare forskning, att ett företag som arbetar med sociala medier, direkt och indirekt, i sitt arbete med CRM kan skapa goda kundrelationer som bidrar till positiv tillväxt. / Objective: To investigate how different SMEs (SMEs) use social media in their CRM work(customer relationship management) to create new but also further develop and process existing customer relationships. Method: The essay is based on a qualitative method with a deductive approach, focusing on document studies on the web. The study was conducted by studying four different companies, two trading companies and two service companies, which use social media as part of their work with CRM. The study is written in Swedish. Result and Conclusion: The companies we studied use social media as a tool in the right direction for a successful work with CRM. What we found is that social media facilitates the work with CRM when used with an effective marketing channel. The results of the survey show that social media contributes with many benefits for the company, such as the opportunity for feedback, viral marketing, Word-of-Mouth-marketing, personal contact with the customers and direct interaction between the company and the customer, while being cost effective. Proposals for Further Research: This study has laid the foundation for further research, that can interview different companies and key people within these companies. By using a qualitative method of focus groups or semi structured interviews, you can go deeper into the subject to understand the difference and find similarities with the approaches in strategies and methods used by employees in different kinds of companies. The essay Contributes to: The essay contributes to increased understanding of how trading companies and service companies use social media to work with CRM, as well as what similarities and differences there are at work and how this affects their CRM. The study explains earlier research and that a company that works with social media, directly and indirectly, in its work with CRM, can create good customer relationships that contribute to positive growth.

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é propor um sistema de mineração de dados completo para a solução de problemas de retenção de clientes, presentes nas mais variadas indústrias. Tal solução reside na correta identificação, em meio a gigantescas bases de dados, dos clientes cujos perfis e históricos de comportamento denotam que sua saída da empresa é iminente. Agindo então sobre a inteligência gerada a partir desta classificação de clientes, incentivos e ações de retenção devem ser postos em prática para evitar e/ou minimizar a perda para algum concorrente de clientes valiosos. Ao longo do processo de mineração de dados, deu-se atenção ao processo de preparação e representação dos dados e métodos de seleção de variáveis, na tentativa de melhorar e otimizar o desempenho dos modelos a serem estudados. Vários modelos diferentes foram testados, otimizados e comparados na tarefa de classificação de clientes como aqueles que permanecerão na empresa ou aqueles que apresentam riscos de abandono. Entre os modelos estudados estão: redes neurais, sistemas neuro-fuzzy hierárquicos, algoritmos genéticos, árvores de decisão e máquinas de vetor de suporte. Em particular, avaliou-se a questão do abandono de clientes (churn) na indústria de telecomunicações móvel brasileira, devido à disponibilidade de dados reais para a análise. Foi feito um estudo abrangente do problema do churn, identificando suas causas, conseqüências e detalhes. Conclui-se com uma análise do impacto da implementação da metodologia proposta em ações de retenção de clientes, sob o prisma da lucratividade ou corte de despesas em que tal utilização implicaria. / [en] The goal of this work is to propose a complete data mining system for the solution of customer retention problems, commonly found in many industries. Such a solution encompasses the accurate identification among huge amounts of data of those consumers who would most likely end their relationship with the firm, based on their historical behavior and individual profile. Acting upon the intelligence provided by a precise customer classification, incentives and retention actions should be put into practice to prevent or minimize the losses of valuable clients to competitors. Throughout the data mining process designed here, great care was given to the preparation and representation of the data and to input selection methods, in an effort to optimize the performance of the classification models. Various different classification techniques have been tested, with the objective of finding the one best suited for the task at hand: to pinpoint those customers who present clear risks of abandoning the analyzed company. Among the studied models were neural networks, decision trees, genetic algorithms, neuro-fuzzy systems and SVMs (Support Vector Machines). As a case study, the issue of churn (loss of customer to a competitor) in the Brazilian wireless telecommunications was tackled, due to the availability of data. A detailed study was made, identifying the causes, consequences and details of the business problem. As a conclusion, the great impact of the implementation of the proposed system in retention strategies of wireless carriers is evaluated, under the view of the profitability that would be generated by its use.

La révolution numérique se fait dans un climat de défiance latente des clients et des citoyens envers les pratiques digitales (collecte et exploitation de données, etc.). Nombre de responsables appellent de leurs vœux à davantage de transparence afin de sortir de la crise de confiance actuelle. Mais ce principe de transparence serait-il suffisant pour restaurer la confiance dans l’environnement digital ? La question de la transparence se pose aujourd’hui de manière prégnante en raison des risques de dérive et de manipulation des clients, mais elle se pose aussi de manière différente, tant les modes d’échange et de communication sont maintenant multiformes, multidirectionnels et instantanés. Cette recherche explique le rôle de la transparence perçue des pratiques digitales dans l’appréhension de la relation client. Une étude qualitative exploratoire sur deux échantillons (16 clients et 12 managers) a permis de valider la multi-dimensionnalité de la transparence perçue (objectivité, limpidité, ouverture) des pratiques digitales. Une étude quantitative en ligne (panel ad hoc de 445 répondants) réalisée sur les perceptions des clients d’Amazon, un pure player de l’e-commerce, leader dans le domaine et pionnier dans l’exploitation massive des données (moteurs de recommandations, customisation, etc.), a quant à elle permis de 1) développer une échelle de mesure de la transparence perçue, 2) comprendre en quoi la transformation digitale des clients avait un rôle dans la perception de la transparence et 3) évaluer l’impact des différentes facettes du concept sur le renforcement ou la dégradation des relations avec les entreprises (confiance et engagement). Une étude post-enquête qualitative a finalement été menée afin de discuter avec les managers des implications de ce travail doctoral. / The digital revolution is taking place in a climate of distrust. Consumers and citizens often have a negative judment of digital practices (collection and data exploitation, etc.). Officials are calling for more transparency to surpass the current trust crisis. But will this principle of transparency be enough to restore trust in the digital environment? The question of transparency arises significantly today because of the risks of customer drift and manipulation. It also arises because of the changing communication modes which are now multiform, multidirectional and instantaneous. This research explains the role of perceived transparency of digital practices in the way we apprehend the customer relationship. A qualitative exploratory study on two samples validated the multi-dimensionality of the perceived transparency construct (objectivity, clarity, openness) using the perceptions of 16 consumers and 12 managers. An online quantitative study (ad hoc panel of 445 respondents) conducted on the perceptions of Amazon customers, an e-commerce pure player, leader in the field and pioneer in the massive exploitation of data (recommendation engines , customization, etc.), has helped to 1) develop a measurement scale of perceived transparency, 2) understand how the customers’ digital transformation had a role in the perception of transparency and 3) determine the influence of perceived transparency’s dimensions on trust building and commitment. A qualitative post-survey study was finally conducted to discuss with managers the implications of this doctoral research.

Atualmente, um dos grandes desafios enfrentados pelas empresas que operam no comércio eletrônico é de garantir a fidelidade de seus clientes. Devido a este fato, as empresas têm se preocupado cada vez mais na utilização de uma ferramenta capaz de integrar os dados distribuídos em banco de dados operacionais, para transformar suas informações em diferencial competitivo. Desta forma, a aplicabilidade da ferramenta Data Warehouse no comércio eletrônico, juntamente com a estratégia do Customer Relationship Management (CRM), surge como um elemento central da empresa focada no cliente, pois é capaz de fornecer informações competitivas e essenciais aos responsáveis pelas decisões estratégicas. Assim, através da ferramenta Data Warehouse sustentada pela estratégia de CRM, toda a \"sequência de cliques\" realizada pelos clientes do comércio eletrônico é armazenada historicamente, possibilitando a retenção destes com a empresa. Portanto o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a aplicabilidade do Data Warehouse no comércio eletrônico, visando o CRM analítico. O trabalho contribui também para mostrar às empresas que a integração entre tecnologia de informação (Data Warehouse) e marketing (CRM) em um ambiente Web oferece diferentes oportunidades de coleta de dados a respeito dos clientes, promovendo desta forma a personalização de produtos e serviços, garantindo maior lealdade destes com a empresa e, conseqüentemente, maior lucratividade. / Currently, one of the greatest challenges faced by companies that operate in the electronic commerce is to guarantee their customers\' fidelity. Due to this fact, these companies have been considering the employment of tools capable of integrating distributed data onto operational databases in order to transform information into a competitive and distinguishing asset. Thus, the applicability of Data Warehouse tools in Electronic Commerce, together with the strategy of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), appear as a key element for customer-oriented companies, since they are capable of supplying the ones responsible for strategic decisions with competitive and essential information . Hence, through Data Warehouse tools supported by the CRM strategy, all the \"clickstream\" carried out by the customers in electronic commerce, can be historically stored, making it possible, through further analyses, to identify potential customers, as well as keeping them with the company. The objective of the present research is to consider the applicability of Data Warehouse in Electronic Commerce, aiming at the analytical CRM. The research also shows companies that Data Warehouse, when combined with the CRM in a Web environment, offers alternative means for customer-related data collection, thus, providing the customization of products and services, reassuring clients\' loyalty to the company and, consequently, greater profits.

A capacidade de identificar clientes potenciais, conquistar mercados e garantir fidelidade dos clientes sÃo fatores determinantes do sucesso das organizaÃÃes modernas. No entanto, a comoditizaÃÃo dos produtos, facilmente copiados e reproduzidos pelas indÃstrias vem demonstrando um aspecto de equivalÃncia dos produtos e serviÃos das empresas frente ao mercado consumidor. A diferenciaÃÃo nÃo se resume mais Ãs caracterÃsticas dos produtos, e sim na forma com a qual as organizaÃÃes se relacionam com os clientes, lhes oferecendo serviÃos e estabelecendo relaÃÃes duradouras e lucrativas atravÃs dos diversos canais de relacionamento existentes. A Tecnologia da InformaÃÃo quando combinada com as estratÃgias de integraÃÃo de relacionamento da organizaÃÃo com seus clientes possibilita ampliar a diferenciaÃÃo da empresas frente à concorrÃncia, tornando a empresa mais valorosa e atrativa aos seus clientes. O objetivo desse trabalho à verificar quais ferramentas de Tecnologia da InformaÃÃo (TI) sÃo utilizadas e como estas ferramentas efetivamente auxiliam na melhoria da gestÃo de relacionamento com clientes. O trabalho buscou ainda verificar os resultados positivos agregados pelas ferramentas de TI ao processo decisÃrio da organizaÃÃo. O referencial teÃrico se estrutura na investigaÃÃo preliminar das ferramentas mundialmente disponÃveis que, cientificamente, apresentam caracterÃsticas que as qualificam como ferramentas de apoio ao CRM ou GestÃo de Relacionamento com Clientes. O mÃtodo de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo de caso em uma grande empresa do segmento industrial, com sede em Fortaleza, CearÃ. A metodologia utilizada envolveu a aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrio, entrevistas, observaÃÃo direta e a anÃlise de informaÃÃes complementares como manuais e procedimentos executados nos processos internos da organizaÃÃo. As anÃlises dos dados se basearam no modelo de camadas do CRM proposto por Peppers e Rogers, que prevà a classificaÃÃo das ferramentas de TI nas camadas operacional, analÃtica e colaborativa. Os resultados permitiram traÃar um diagnÃstico de como a TI vem dando suporte Ãs estratÃgias de CRM utilizadas pela OrganizaÃÃo. Concluiu-se que algumas Ãreas de negÃcios apresentam estado evolutivo bastante desenvolvimento em relaÃÃo à gestÃo de relacionamentos com seus clientes, enquanto outras Ãreas de negÃcios se encontram com baixo nÃvel ou nenhum suporte de TI. As camadas de CRM Operacional e AnalÃtico apresentam elevado grau de desenvolvimento dentro da organizaÃÃo, enquanto que o CRM colaborativo nÃo à extensivamente utilizado pelas Ãreas de negÃcios investigadas. Ferramentas como automaÃÃo de forÃa de vendas, EDI e data warehouse, apresentaram-se muito presentes e eficazes no apoio ao CRM. Finalmente verificou-se que a utilizaÃÃo de ferramentas de TI para CRM operacional garante a qualidade e confiabilidade dos dados para anÃlise pelas Ãreas de negÃcios. A utilizaÃÃo das ferramentas analÃticas gera ganhos relevantes para a elaboraÃÃo dos planos da organizaÃÃo, bem como constatou-se um alto grau de percepÃÃo da organizaÃÃo sobre a relevÃncia do CRM para resultados financeiros e tomada de decisÃo.

Managing customer relations had become a necessity for companies who want to succeed in today’s customer oriented market. New systems are developed that allow firms to manage and govern their relationships to the customers. These applications are called Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems and have become one of the most widely adopted business solution in the private sector. In the mean time, mobile internet and mobile marketing have become two of the most popular subjects mentioned in business literature today. A new system that combines CRM and mobile technologies has recently been developed: mobile CRM (mCRM). This type of system will allow companies to enhance their way of working with customer relations and enables new ways of offering value to customers. The market size of mCRM systems has grown from a $120 million industry in 2001 to a $1, 7 billion industries in 2005. The combination of the growing trend of customer focus, mobile technologies and mCRM systems will most likely lead to more companies investing in mCRM solutions. Still an interesting question of the reasons behind mCRM adoption remains unanswered. The main focus of this thesis is to find out why companies chose to adopt or not adopt mCRM systems. Theories about CRM, mCRM and the spreading of technology (The Technology Acceptance Model) have been gathered and examined in order to support the research. After a gained insight of the subject matter, a methodology is discussed explaining research approach. A qualitative approach is used and interviews are conducted in order to find barriers and facilitators to mCRM adoption. Four companies from different industry sectors where interviewed, answering to questions concerning their level of IT adoption, CRM strategy and perception of mCRM. The research resulted in several reasons for mCRM acceptance and rejection. The primary reason for investing mCRM, or considering investing in mCRM, was found to be the need to reach customers and sales force anytime and anywhere. Also, current IT adoption and IT dependency, as well as industry sector, are found to influence attitude towards mCRM. Factors that are found not to affect mCRM adoption are size of the firm and external pressure from the market. The overall perception of mCRM is positive among the respondents and all believe that the mobility aspect of CRM will become increasingly popular.