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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:58:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4666_1.pdf: 508294 bytes, checksum: 58673e0c55e863402989bbbc70536bc5 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / A área de trabalho cooperativo apoiado por computador (CSCW - Computer Supported Cooperative Work) estuda como as pessoas podem cooperar para a solução de problemas e como tais cooperações podem ser estabelecidas e desenvolvidas utilizando-se recursos computacionais. As aplicações cooperativas síncronas provêem funcionalidades que permitem a interação síncrona entre os membros de um grupo, estando estes em um mesmo local ou dispersos geograficamente. Tais aplicações necessitam de mecanismos de controle que possibilitem o gerenciamento dos usuários que fazem parte das sessões cooperativas, e permitam que os participantes acessem, de forma compartilhada, os recursos disponíveis durante a sessão. Dentre as tecnologias utilizadas na implementação de soluções de suporte a sessões cooperativas síncronas, CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) mostra-se de grande valor ao prover interoperabilidade entre aplicações implementadas em diferentes linguagens, independentemente de plataforma, protocolos e tecnologias de rede. O CCM (CORBA Component Model ) representa o modelo de componente para a arquitetura CORBA, cujo objetivo principal é facilitar o desenvolvimento de aplicações que utilizam CORBA como plataforma de distribuição. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é prover um serviço de suporte a sessões cooperativas síncronas (CSMS - Cooperative Session Management Service), utilizando a tecnologia de componentes proposta pelo CCM. Os principais aspectos abordados por esse serviço são o gerenciamento de usuários que fazem parte da sessão e o mecanismo de controle utilizado no acesso aos recursos compartilhados durante a sessão.

There is a lack of tools available to support cross-cultural communication and collaboration. Current research is comprised of assessments of the need for better cross-cultural communication tools and discussions of simple guidelines for developing such a tool. Existing programs such as chat or video-conferencing have been altered to be used in a cross-cultural setting, but little data has been gathered on their effectiveness. There is a need, according to the literature in the field of Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW), that cross-cultural tools be developed, researched, and comprehensively studied. The purpose of this research was to show that a simple cross-cultural communication tool can be developed to support electronic cross-cultural collaborations. BlissChat was developed in Virginia Tech's Macroergonomics and Group Decision Systems Laboratory for this purpose. The dependent measures for the study consisted of the time of completion and errors committed. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 between factor design. The factors were divided into a concordant (same language culture) group versus a discordant (different language culture) group. The other independent variable was the environment, whether they used the communication tool BlissChat, or in the ideal setting of face-to- face (FtF). The two culture groups used were Chinese first language speakers and English first language speakers. Participants who used BlissChat were able to perform their tasks as accurately as those who met FtF by not committing significantly more errors (p<0.05), but they did not perform as efficiently. The participants using BlissChat did not perform as efficiently as those meeting FtF (p<0.05). It took participants using BlissChat much longer to perform their task than participants in FtF conditions (p<0.05). The consequence of these outcomes will effect both the current use as well as the future outcomes of CCSCW. / Master of Science

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Synchronous distributed groupware is a class of software applications allowing a geographically distributed group of people to collaborate in real time. There are different types of groupware, e.g., collaborative editing software, distributed meeting support tools, and multiplayer games. However, collaborators in groupware can become disconnected from the session. Disconnections can range in duration from a few seconds (e.g., due to a network outage) to hours or days (e.g., stowing a laptop while flying). Disconnection causes information loss and makes it difficult for users to understand both the state of the workspace and the current activities of other people upon reconnection. Thus, it is important to handle disconnection in groupware. However, handling disconnection is difficult for groupware developers. They need to determine varieties of strategies in order to address different disconnection scenarios. These strategies determine how stored information can be manipulated as the system waits for a disconnected user to rejoin, and how information should be replayed upon reconnection. If disconnection lasts for a long time, developers need to select and combine strategies in order to manage a trade-off between performance requirements (e.g., delivering stored information as quickly as possible upon reconnection) and understandability requirements (e.g., allowing users to watch missed information in an understandable manner). Developers might not know how to implement such strategies in a reusable manner. Because of this lack of knowledge in handling disconnection, developers might build disconnection-aware groupware applications that will not address the range of wide variety of user-level requirements that arise from different disconnection scenarios. Moreover, as there are a few disconnection-aware groupware applications, developers might not know the overhead (e.g., additional message transmission time, memory usage and programming complexity) of handling disconnection in synchronous groupware in practice. In order to mitigate developers’ problems to handle disconnection in synchronous groupware, this thesis provides codified solutions that capture and organize a wide range of strategies for handling disconnection, that manage the performance and understandability trade-off through selecting and combining suitable strategies and that show how to implement the strategies in a reusable manner. In order to determine the overhead of handling disconnection, a toolkit is developed following the designed solutions, and different applications are constructed using the toolkit. User studies and performance analyses are conducted that evaluate the toolkit and demonstrate its quality goals, such as offering simple application programming interface (API), high performance, and supporting different disconnection scenarios and timeframes. / Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2013-04-29 17:52:00.165

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Muitos dos atuais sistemas computacionais de apoio ao ensino podem ser considerados parte de uma evolução que tem enfatizado a exploração de sistemas hipermídia em geral, e da Web em particular. A pesquisa associada ao trabalho aqui reportado tem como objetivo explorar as tecnologias de Hipermídia e Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) para viabilizá-las em um ambiente que suporte o acesso de alunos a hiperdocumentos de conteúdo didático de forma cooperativa ¾ o ambiente StudyConf. Para promover a interação entre alunos que visitam um determinado hiperdocumento, o StudyConf controla suas navegações e gera, dinamicamente, sessões de discussão entre os mesmos. O StudConf mantém o registro das discussões realizadas na forma de hiperdocumentos estruturados, os quais podem ser utilizados, por exemplo, para a geração cooperativa de documentos, conforme proposto em várias ferramentas Computer Supported Cooperative Learning (CSCL). O trabalho aqui reportado colaborou, ainda, para o desenvolvimento de uma técnica que tem como objetivo orientar o projeto de aplicações hipermídia que manipulam informações na Web. / Many of the current computational systems dedicated to support teaching and learning can be considered part of an evolution that has emphasized hypermedia systems in general, and the World Wide Web in particular. The work here reported aims at exploiting the technologies of hypermedia and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) in an environment that supports collaborative access from students to hyperdocuments ¾ supported in a tool called StudyConf. In order to promote interaction among students that navigate on the same hyperdocuments, StudyConf controls their navigation and generates dynamic discussion sessions with the students that visit the same material. StudyConf registers the discussions as structured hyperdocuments, which can be used to exploit proposals regarding the collaborative authoring of contents that are present in several Computer Supported Cooperative Learning (CSCL) tools. The work here reported has also contributed to the proposal of a technique aimed at guiding the development of general web-based hypermedia applications.

Företag arbetar idag alltmer i projektform på en global marknad. Detta innebär ökade krav på koordinering och kommunikation i utförandet av en uppgift i verksamheten. Samtidigt så finns det idag väl utvecklad teknik för att stödja de uppgifter som utförs. Teorierna inom CSCW diskuterar kring hur sådana tekniska verktyg, groupware, kan stödja arbete som utförs i grupper, exempelvis arbete i projektform.I denna undersökning försöker vi skapa en teoretisk modell som kan användas för att identifiera de krav som ställs på dels organisationens utformning och dels på det tekniska stödet. Genom två studier utförda på två företag vid två tillfällen undersöker vi om det finns ett samband mellan förändring i organisationen och förändring i det tekniska stödet. Vi har kunnat se att viktiga faktorer som påverkar detta samband är hur själva utförandet av arbetsuppgifterna ser ut. Utförandet ställer krav på koordinering, samarbete och tillgänglighet till väsentlig information. Detta bildar också utgångspunkt i vilka krav som kan ställas på det tekniska stödet. / Uppsatsnivå: C

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