Estudo transversal do universo de pré-escolares (1544) de creches filantrópicas de Santo André, SP, Brasil, para estimar por antropometria seu crescimento e estado nutricional. Observou-se que o crescimento alcançado no conjunto está acima do referencial CDC/NCHS. Não se encontrou desnutrição, mas sim sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente em 16,8 e 10,8% das crianças, com tendência crescente com a idade. Entre os fatores de risco para esta condição encontrou-se o sexo feminino e o peso de nascimento mais elevado. Estes resultados apontam para a presença de uma etapa adiantada de transição epidemiólogica nutricional inclusive na população de pré-escolares de baixa renda deste Município / Cross sectional study of the universe (n=1544) of preschool children attending to philanthropic daycare centers of Santo André (SP- Brazil), to evaluate by anthropometrics their growth and nutritional status. The attained growth by the whole group was above the CDC/NCHS reference. There was no undernutrition but overweight and obesity with a prevalence of 16,8 and 10,8%, respectively, with a trend to increase with age. Higher birth weight and feminine gender were risk factors for these nutritional problems. The results pointed out an advanced step of nutritional transition, affecting the children between 2 and 6 years of age, of low income families, in this Municipality

In this study an ecosystemic and social constructionist approach is used to understand the meanings and perceptions held by working mothers in relation to their experiences with the childcare and organisation settings. These meanings are described in terms of the influence of wider social discourses, personal epistemological assumptions, tacit knowledge, past experiences and current contexts. The working mothers, together with the researcher, form a linguistic system in which meanings about motherhood, employer-support and childcare arrangements are co-constructed and shared. The relationships between the working mothers and the researcher are not only observed within a linguistic context, but also within the ecosystemic view of mutual reciprocity, self-referentiality and double description. A qualitative and naturalistic research methodology is followed to describe the emergent design and the grounded theory. Based on the qualitative paradigm, the conclusions drawn at the end of the study are idiographic and reflective. / Psychology / M.A.(Clinical Psychology)

Objetivo: este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a eficácia de um procedimento para a identificação da deficiência auditiva em crianças pré escolares de uma comunidade de baixa renda por pessoas não especialistas. Casuística e métodos: funcionários da creche e da unidade de saúde foram treinados para aplicarem um questionário para triagem auditiva nos pais de 224 crianças de 3 a 6 anos de idade, que foram submetidas à triagem audiométrica e imitanciométrica. Resultados: verificou-se alta concordância na coleta de dados por meio do questionário entre a pesquisadora e os não especialistas. O questionário apresentou melhor sensibilidade e pior especificidade. Os não especialistas relataram aprendizado com a pesquisa e conscientização sobre a importância da audição. Conclusão: é possível treinar agentes comunitários a identificarem a deficiência auditiva em suas comunidades com instrumentos de baixo custo. / Aim: this study aimed to access the efficacy of a low cost instrument used by non professionals to identify hearing loss in pre-school children in a low income community. Methods: employees of a nursery school and a health unit were trained to use a hearing screening questionnaire with parents of 224 children aged 3 to 6 years. The children underwent audiological screening. Results: the results showed that the non - specialists were capable of reproducing the evaluation of the professional regarding the use of the questionnaire. The questionnaire presented better sensitivity than specificity. The non - specialists reported learning and awareness of the importance of hearing in children. Conclusion: the questionnaire offers a low cost option for hearing screening, specially if it is administered by non professionals resources

Objetivo: este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a eficácia de um procedimento para a identificação da deficiência auditiva em crianças pré escolares de uma comunidade de baixa renda por pessoas não especialistas. Casuística e métodos: funcionários da creche e da unidade de saúde foram treinados para aplicarem um questionário para triagem auditiva nos pais de 224 crianças de 3 a 6 anos de idade, que foram submetidas à triagem audiométrica e imitanciométrica. Resultados: verificou-se alta concordância na coleta de dados por meio do questionário entre a pesquisadora e os não especialistas. O questionário apresentou melhor sensibilidade e pior especificidade. Os não especialistas relataram aprendizado com a pesquisa e conscientização sobre a importância da audição. Conclusão: é possível treinar agentes comunitários a identificarem a deficiência auditiva em suas comunidades com instrumentos de baixo custo. / Aim: this study aimed to access the efficacy of a low cost instrument used by non professionals to identify hearing loss in pre-school children in a low income community. Methods: employees of a nursery school and a health unit were trained to use a hearing screening questionnaire with parents of 224 children aged 3 to 6 years. The children underwent audiological screening. Results: the results showed that the non - specialists were capable of reproducing the evaluation of the professional regarding the use of the questionnaire. The questionnaire presented better sensitivity than specificity. The non - specialists reported learning and awareness of the importance of hearing in children. Conclusion: the questionnaire offers a low cost option for hearing screening, specially if it is administered by non professionals resources

Text in English with abstracts in English, isiZulu, and isiXhosa / South Africa’s education system is in crisis. Problems in education directly impact the country’s economy through its influence on skills development for employability. Young children trapped in an environment under serviced by educational resources and haracterised poor social cohesion cannot reach their full potential. This study, undergirded by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, sought to establish whether stateled early childhood development centres (ECDCs) in the Cape Flats can establish social cohesion and foster responsible citizenship and youth resilience. A qualitative study was conducted in selected ECDCs. Focus group interviews with caregivers of children from sampled centres and face-to-face interviews with the owners/managers of centres were augmented by an interview with an official from local government. The study concluded that the sampled ECDCs are merely coping, but restricted by various problems. They cannot function optimally as institutions for community development, although the community holds them in high esteem. Recommendations are made for improvements. / Uhlelo lwemfundo yaseNingizimu Afrika lunezingxaki. Izinkinga ezitholakala kwezemfundo zinomthelela othintana ngqo nezomnotho ngenxa yethonya ezinalo ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono kuzokwenza abantu ukuba baqasheke. Izingane ezisezincane ezibiyelwe esibayeni esincishwa izimfanelo zezemfundo, ezingenakho nokubumbana okufanele komphakathi, ngeke zakufeza lokho ezinamandla okufinyelele kukho. Ucwaningo olususelwe esibonelweni sikaBronfenbrenner ngobudlelwane bomuntu nesizinda sakhe, lwaluhlose ukuthola ukuthi ngabe izikhungo eziholwa ngumbuso zokuthuthuka kwezingane ezincane (ama-ECDC) eCape Flats ziyakwazi yini ukugxilisa ukubumbana komphakathi, zikhulise kumuntu ukuba yisakhamuzi esiqotho nabasha abakwazi ukuqina bomelele. Kwenziwa ukuhlolisisa ezikhungweni zama-ECDC ezikhethiwe. Kwaba nokuxoxisana namaqembu aqokiwe abanakekeli bezingane zakulezo zikhungo ezikhethiwe, kwabuye kwaba nokuxoxa bukhoma nabanikazi/abaphathi bezikhungo, okwengezwa kukho nesikhulu esivela kuhulumeni wendawo. Lolu cwaningo lwafinyelela ekuthini izikhungo ezikhethiwe zama-ECDC zazipatanisa nje ngoba zazinqindwa yizinkinga ezahlukene, okusho ukuthi zazingakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphelele njengezikhungo zokuthuthukisa umphakathi, noma umphakathi wona wawuzibabaza kakhulu. Kukhona nezincomo ngokungase kwenziwe ukuze isimo sibe ngcono. / Isimo senkqubo yemfundo yoMzantsi Afrika simandundu. Iingxaki ezikhoyo kwezemfundo ziluchaphazela ngqo uqoqosho ngenxa yokuba zinefuthe kuphuhliso lwezakhono ezilungiselela ukuqesheka komntu. Abantwana abaselula abakwazi ukuphuhla ngokugqibeleleyo kuba bavaleleke kwimeko yemfundo eneenkonzo ezingekho mgangathweni nakwisimo esingazinzanga somphakathi. Esi sifundo sisekelwe kwinkqubo kaBronfenbrenner yolwalamano lwezinto eziphilayo nendalo, kwaye sizama ukuqonda ukuba ingaba ukusekwa kwamaziko ophuhliso lwabantwana abancinci (iiearly childhood development centres- ECDCs) eCape Flats kungadala uzinzo eluntwini, kukhuthaze ukuba ubani abe ngummi othatha uxanduva, ulutsha lungathabatheki lula kusini na. Uphando lomgangatho lwenziwe kumaziko iiECDCs ezikhethiweyo. Udliwano-ndlebe namaqela abantu abagcina abantwana kumaziko akhethiweyo kwanabaphathi baloo maziko luxhaswe ludliwano-ndlebe esiphathamandla sorhulumente wendawo. Esi sifundo sifikelele kwisigqibo esithi ezi ECDCs zikhethiweyo ziyazama kodwa zikhonkxwa ziingxaki ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ithetha ukuthi azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo njengamaziko ophuhliso lomphakathi nangona umphakathi wona uzixabise kakhulu. Kunikwe iingcebiso zokuphucula imeko. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of implementing community based care for moderately mentally retarded persons in a specific centre in the Port Elizabeth area. The objectives of the study were to identify • the needs of the moderately mentally retarded children. • the physical, psychosocial and vocational rehabilitation means of meeting these needs. • how involved the communities, parents and government were in the care of moderately mentally retarded children. A quantitative, exploratmy and descriptive design was used. A sample of 50 moderately mentally retarded children was utilised. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The major research findings indicate that community care for MMRPs could only be feasible with sufficient resources, expertise and community involvement. All these aspects appeared to be lacking in the centre where this research was conducted raising questions as to benefits which the mentally retarded children and their parents and the community could derive from these services. However recommendations were made on identified shortcomings, problems and needs. / Health Science / M.A.(Nursing Science)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of implementing community based care for moderately mentally retarded persons in a specific centre in the Port Elizabeth area. The objectives of the study were to identify • the needs of the moderately mentally retarded children. • the physical, psychosocial and vocational rehabilitation means of meeting these needs. • how involved the communities, parents and government were in the care of moderately mentally retarded children. A quantitative, exploratmy and descriptive design was used. A sample of 50 moderately mentally retarded children was utilised. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The major research findings indicate that community care for MMRPs could only be feasible with sufficient resources, expertise and community involvement. All these aspects appeared to be lacking in the centre where this research was conducted raising questions as to benefits which the mentally retarded children and their parents and the community could derive from these services. However recommendations were made on identified shortcomings, problems and needs. / Health Science / M.A.(Nursing Science)