Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rennan Paloschi.pdf: 6045931 bytes, checksum: aaf808f0385b6382605fe18caaca76c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / Although there are studies that have been seeking modeling the influence of meteorological variables in relation to crop yield, the application of such models on a global scale and the consequent achievement concerning spatial results is a real challenge due to the complexity of the involved variables. Thus, this study aimed to analyze and implement software that allows the application of models to estimate agricultural yield based on remote sensing images, in a spatial and automated way. Yield estimation model using FAO water balance, as well as the needed indices to calculate it were implemented and subsequently tested for soybean cropping in Parana state for the 2011/2012 harvesting season. Design standards and analyses by language Unified Modeling Language (UML) were used to create a software structures and standardize computational tools. Such structures were implemented to data processing, water balance estimation and yield estimation, whose result was a version 1.0.1 software Crop-yield Modeling Platform - CyMP. Its structure makes implementation and use of estimation models more practical, automated, reusable and scalable for cropping yield. According to the proposed software, it was possible to reduce noise in vegetation indices from the orbital sensor images of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer - MODIS, interpolate images from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, climate model to MODIS resolution, determine FAO water balance, estimate dates of development cycle of soybean crop, estimate hydric stress factor, estimate real evapotranspiration, and finally estimate both gross potential yield and attainable yield of soybean crop in Paraná State for the 2011/2012 harvesting season. / Embora haja estudos que busquem modelar as influências de variáveis agrometeorológicas em relação à produtividade das culturas agrícolas, a aplicação destes modelos em escala global e a consequente obtenção de resultados de forma espacial é um verdadeiro desafio dada a complexidade de variáveis envolvidas. Assim, este trabalho buscou analisar e implementar um software que permita a aplicação de modelos de estimativa de produtividade agrícola, baseados em imagens de sensoriamento remoto, de forma espacial e automatizada. O modelo de estimativa de produtividade, utilizando o balanço hídrico FAO, assim como os índices necessários para obtê-lo, foi implementado e posteriormente testado para o cultivar soja no Estado do Paraná para a safra 2011/2012. Padrões de projeto e análises utilizando a Unified Modeling Language (UML) foram utilizados na construção de estruturas de software e padronização de ferramentas computacionais. Tais estruturas foram implementadas para tratamento de dados, estimativa de balanço hídrico e estimativa de produtividade para dar origem ao software Crop-yield Modeling Platform CyMP, versão 1.0.1. Sua estrutura torna, de formas prática, automatizada, reutilizável e escalável, a implementação e a utilização de modelos de estimativa de produtividade agrícola. De acordo com o software proposto, foi possível suavizar ruídos em índices de vegetação provenientes de imagens do sensor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer - MODIS, interpolar imagens provindas do modelo climático europeu - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF - para resolução MODIS, determinar o balanço hídrico FAO, estimar as datas do ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura da soja, estimar o fator de estresse hídrico da cultura, estimar a evapotranspiração real e, por fim, estimar tanto a produtividade potencial bruta como a produtividade atingível da cultura da soja no Estado do Paraná para safra 2011/2012.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rennan Paloschi.pdf: 6045931 bytes, checksum: aaf808f0385b6382605fe18caaca76c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / Although there are studies that have been seeking modeling the influence of meteorological variables in relation to crop yield, the application of such models on a global scale and the consequent achievement concerning spatial results is a real challenge due to the complexity of the involved variables. Thus, this study aimed to analyze and implement software that allows the application of models to estimate agricultural yield based on remote sensing images, in a spatial and automated way. Yield estimation model using FAO water balance, as well as the needed indices to calculate it were implemented and subsequently tested for soybean cropping in Parana state for the 2011/2012 harvesting season. Design standards and analyses by language Unified Modeling Language (UML) were used to create a software structures and standardize computational tools. Such structures were implemented to data processing, water balance estimation and yield estimation, whose result was a version 1.0.1 software Crop-yield Modeling Platform - CyMP. Its structure makes implementation and use of estimation models more practical, automated, reusable and scalable for cropping yield. According to the proposed software, it was possible to reduce noise in vegetation indices from the orbital sensor images of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer - MODIS, interpolate images from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, climate model to MODIS resolution, determine FAO water balance, estimate dates of development cycle of soybean crop, estimate hydric stress factor, estimate real evapotranspiration, and finally estimate both gross potential yield and attainable yield of soybean crop in Paraná State for the 2011/2012 harvesting season. / Embora haja estudos que busquem modelar as influências de variáveis agrometeorológicas em relação à produtividade das culturas agrícolas, a aplicação destes modelos em escala global e a consequente obtenção de resultados de forma espacial é um verdadeiro desafio dada a complexidade de variáveis envolvidas. Assim, este trabalho buscou analisar e implementar um software que permita a aplicação de modelos de estimativa de produtividade agrícola, baseados em imagens de sensoriamento remoto, de forma espacial e automatizada. O modelo de estimativa de produtividade, utilizando o balanço hídrico FAO, assim como os índices necessários para obtê-lo, foi implementado e posteriormente testado para o cultivar soja no Estado do Paraná para a safra 2011/2012. Padrões de projeto e análises utilizando a Unified Modeling Language (UML) foram utilizados na construção de estruturas de software e padronização de ferramentas computacionais. Tais estruturas foram implementadas para tratamento de dados, estimativa de balanço hídrico e estimativa de produtividade para dar origem ao software Crop-yield Modeling Platform CyMP, versão 1.0.1. Sua estrutura torna, de formas prática, automatizada, reutilizável e escalável, a implementação e a utilização de modelos de estimativa de produtividade agrícola. De acordo com o software proposto, foi possível suavizar ruídos em índices de vegetação provenientes de imagens do sensor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer - MODIS, interpolar imagens provindas do modelo climático europeu - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF - para resolução MODIS, determinar o balanço hídrico FAO, estimar as datas do ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura da soja, estimar o fator de estresse hídrico da cultura, estimar a evapotranspiração real e, por fim, estimar tanto a produtividade potencial bruta como a produtividade atingível da cultura da soja no Estado do Paraná para safra 2011/2012.

Web accessibility guidelines have textual representation and provide little support in systematic analysis and usage. The study hypothesizes that the guidelines can be reorganized and represented using the goal oriented technique and design patterns which will allow their usage in a more systematic manner and accommodate detailed analysis of the guidelines with other competing goals. For this study, knowledge from web designers’ experiences in using the guidelines, researchers’ findings, and the actual guidelines have been amalgamated. Six web designers have been consulted on a one-on-one basis and difficulties in using the guidelines for (1) specific scenarios, (2) systematic application, and (3) detailed systems analysis have been reported. Goal oriented modeling and design patterns have been introduced for (1) graphical representation of the guidelines using goal graphs, and (2) keeping the technical details separate from the goal graphs. The proposed representation allows for the accessibility guidelines to be systematically applied into interface design, and systems design using the goal oriented modeling technique.

Web accessibility guidelines have textual representation and provide little support in systematic analysis and usage. The study hypothesizes that the guidelines can be reorganized and represented using the goal oriented technique and design patterns which will allow their usage in a more systematic manner and accommodate detailed analysis of the guidelines with other competing goals. For this study, knowledge from web designers’ experiences in using the guidelines, researchers’ findings, and the actual guidelines have been amalgamated. Six web designers have been consulted on a one-on-one basis and difficulties in using the guidelines for (1) specific scenarios, (2) systematic application, and (3) detailed systems analysis have been reported. Goal oriented modeling and design patterns have been introduced for (1) graphical representation of the guidelines using goal graphs, and (2) keeping the technical details separate from the goal graphs. The proposed representation allows for the accessibility guidelines to be systematically applied into interface design, and systems design using the goal oriented modeling technique.

<p>The aims of this dissertation are to investigate the use and usefulness of patterns in Information Systems Engineering and to identify future areas of research. In order to do this there is a need to survey different types of patterns and find a common concept of patterns. A pattern is based on experience found in the real world. A text or a model or a combination of the both can describe the pattern. A pattern is typically described in terms of context, forces, problem, and solution. These can be explicitly expressed or implicitly found in the description of the pattern.</p><p>The types of patterns dealt with are: object-oriented patterns; design patterns, analysis patterns; data model patterns; domain patterns; business patterns; workflow patterns and the deontic pattern. The different types of patterns are presented using the authors' own terminology.</p><p>The patterns described in the survey are classified with respect to different aspects. The intention of this analysis is to form a taxonomy for patterns and to bring order into the vast amount of patterns. This is an important step in order to find out how patterns are used and can be used in Information Systems Engineering. The aspects used in the classification are: level of abstraction; text or model emphasis; product or process emphasis; life cycle stage usage and combinations of these aspects.</p><p>Finally an outline for future areas of research is presented. The areas that have been considered of interest are: patterns and Information Systems Engineering methods; patterns and tools (tool support for patterns); patterns as a pedagogical aid; the extraction and documentation of patterns and patterns and novel applications of information technology. Each future area of research is sketched out.</p>

Η εργασία αυτή μελετά τη σχεδίαση χώρο-ευαίσθητων φορητών παιχνιδιών για πολλούς παίχτες. Τα παιχνίδια αυτά παίζονται χρησιμοποιώντας συσκευές όπως PDAs και πιο πρόσφατα έξυπνα τηλέφωνα. Οι συσκευές δίνουν τη δυνατότητα στους παίχτες να έχουν πρόσβαση σε ψηφιακή πληροφορία κατά την ώρα του παιχνιδιού. Σημαντική είναι η δυνατότητα η πληροφορία αυτή να έχει σχέση με τη θέση και κατάσταση του παίχτη. Η πλαισιογνωστική αυτή πληροφορία καθώς και η δυνατότητα παιξίματος σε χώρους πολιτισμού και χώρους με μεγάλη πυκνότητα πληροφορίας, δίνουν τη δυνατότητα να χρησιμοποιηθούν τα παιχνίδια αυτά στην άτυπη μάθηση (π.χ. από τάξεις μαθητών που επισκέπτονται μουσεία, αρχαιολογικά πάρκα κλπ.). Ο στόχος της μελέτης αυτής διατυπώθηκε ως «η υποστήριξη της σχεδίασης χώρο-ευαίσθητων φορητών παιχνιδιών σε χώρους άτυπης μάθησης». Ακολουθήσαμε μεθολογία βασισμένη στη σχεδιαστική έρευνα και εξετάσαμε τη διαδικασία σχεδίασης, υλοποίησης και αξιολόγησης τέτοιων παιχνιδιών. Ακολουθήθηκε μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση με τρία στάδια. 1. Αποσαφήνιση της έρευνας: εξετάστηκαν τα χαρακτηριστικά των παιχνιδιών και του περιβάλλοντος διάχυτου υπολογισμού τα οποία έχουν σημασία στην ανάπτυξη χώρο-ευαίσθητων παιχνιδιών. 2. Ανάπτυξη εργαλείων σχεδιαστικής στήριξης: αναπτύχθηκε μια λύση σε ένα σχεδιαστικό πρόβλημα, ένα παιχνίδι μάθησης για ένα μουσείο. Το αποτέλεσμα ήταν το MuseumScrabble, που απευθύνεται σε τάξεις μαθητών. Στη συνέχεια μελετήθηκαν οι σχεδιαστικές πρακτικές άλλων ομάδων σχεδιαστών. Μελέτη σχεδιαστικών πρακτικών, με τη μέθοδο της εθνογραφικής ανάλυσης περιεχομένου. Αναλύθηκαν έξι δημοσιεύσεις που αφορούσαν τρεις περιπτώσεις σχεδίασης, υλοποίησης και αξιολόγησης τέτοιων παιχνιδιών. Εργαστήρια σχεδίασης, όπου σχεδιάστηκαν και εκτελέστηκαν εργαστήρια με τη συμμετοχή σχεδιαστών με ποικίλο τεχνικό και επιστημονικό υπόβαθρο. Το αποτέλεσμα ήταν τρία εργαλεία σχεδιαστικής στήριξης. Το πλαίσιο σχεδίασης που περιγράφει σε αδρές γραμμές το χώρο σχεδιασμού, οι οδηγίες σχεδίασης και τα πρότυπα σχεδίσης που παρέχουν οδηγίες για τη στήριξη των σχεδιαστών. 3. Αξιολόγηση της σχεδιαστικής στήριξης: Με την εφαρμογή της στην ανάπτυξη ενός νέου παιχνιδιού, του «Αόρατη πόλη: Επαναστάτες εναντίον κατασκόπων», όπου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα εργαλεία σχεδιαστικής στήριξης σε κάποιες από τις φάσεις σχεδίασης. Με τη μελέτη των εργαλείων στο πλαίσιο χρήσης τους, όπου ζητήθηκε από σχεδιαστές να χρησιμοποιήσουν τα εργαλεία που αναπτύχθηκαν σε αυτή τη διατριβή για να σχεδιάσουν ένα παιχνίδι. / This dissertation studies the design of location-based multi-player mobile games. These are games which are played using devices such as PDAs or, more recently, smartphones. The devices allow the players to have access to digital information during the game. An important aspect is that this information is related to the location and state of the player. This context-sensitive information as well as the possibility to play at places of cultural importance or other places of high information density offers the opportunity to use this games for informal learning (e.g. by pupils who visit museums, archaeological parks etc.) The aim of this dissertation has been formulated as "to support the design of location-based mobile games in places of informal learning". We followed a methodology based on design research and we examined the processes of designing, implementing and evaluating of these games. The methodological approach that we followed consisted of three stages. 1. Research clarification: the characteristics of location-based mobile games and of pervasive computing environments were examined, which play a significant role in the development of location-based games. 2. Development of design support, which was conducted in three stages. First, a solution for a real-world design problem was developed, a location-based mobile game for pupils who visit a museum. The result was the game MuseumScrabble. Additionally, the design practices of other design teams were studied. Study of design practices, applying an ethnographic content analysis approach. Six publications were analyzed which concerned three cases of designing, implementing and evaluating games of this kind. Design workshops were conducted where the participating designers, of varying and multi-disciplinary background, designed game concepts which were subsequently analyzed to extract game design patterns. The results of these studies were three design support tools. A design framework, which describes the design space, a set of heuristic design guidelines and a number of game design patters which can support the task of designers. 3. Evaluation of the design support tools. By applying the design support in the development of a new game, «Invisible City: Rebels Vs. Spies», where the tools were employed at stages of the design. By studying the tools using a contextual inquiry technique, where it was asked of designers to use the design support tools in order to design a new game.

Η εκθετική ανάπτυξη του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού και η συνεχής διασπορά του σε διάφορους τομείς της καθημερινότητας, έχει τροφοδοτήσει την ανάπτυξη μίας νέας γενιάς εφαρμογών, οι οποίες χαρακτηρίζονται πλέον από μεγάλο βαθμό πολυπλοκότητας. Η ανάπτυξη τέτοιων εφαρμογών είναι στην ουσία ένα υβρίδιο που συνδυάζει παραδοσιακά Πληροφοριακά Συστήματα με εφαρμογές Υπερμέσων (Hypermedia). Αυτός ο συνδυασμός θέτει νέες προκλήσεις στις υπάρχουσες προσεγγίσεις σχεδιασμού και παραγωγής λογισμικού. Στα πλαίσια της συγκεκριμένης διδακτορικής διατριβής, διερευνώνται θέματα βελτίωσης της απόδοσης εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού (ιδιαίτερα απαιτητικών σε δεδομένα - data intensive), σε ολόκληρο τον κύκλο ζωής τους. Βασικός στόχος είναι η βελτίωση της απόδοσης εφαρμογών, σε πρώτο επίπεδο στα πλαίσια του σχεδιασμού, ανάπτυξης και συντήρησης τους και σε δεύτερο επίπεδο στα πλαίσια της διάθεσής τους προς τον τελικό χρήστη. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο της διδακτορικής διατριβής παρουσιάζεται η τρέχουσα κατάσταση σε σχέση με τις μεθοδολογίες σχεδιασμού και ανάπτυξης εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού που έχουν προταθεί από την ερευνητική κοινότητα μέχρι σήμερα. Γίνεται μία προσπάθεια να αναγνωριστούν και να χαρακτηριστούν οι διάφορες κατηγορίες λύσεων και παρουσιάζεται μία πρώτου επιπέδου αξιολόγηση σε σχέση με την επάρκεια που παρουσιάζουν στις απαιτήσεις της διαδικασίας ανάπτυξης εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού. Επιπλέον, επισημαίνονται διάφορα ανοιχτά προβλήματα και αναλύονται οι πιθανές μελλοντικές τάσεις. Ακόμη, αναλύεται σε μεγαλύτερο βάθος η μεθοδολογία και η αντίστοιχη γλώσσα μοντελοποίησης εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού WebML, καθώς αποτελεί τη βάση (γλώσσα επίδειξης) πάνω στην οποία θα στηριχτεί η παρουσίαση των τεχνικών και μεθόδων που προτείνονται στα επόμενα δύο κεφάλαια της διδακτορικής διατριβής. Στη συνέχεια, συζητούνται θέματα σε σχέση με τη μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για το σχεδιασμό συγκεκριμένων παραδειγμάτων πραγματικών εφαρμογών και αναλύονται τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα αντίστοιχα μειονεκτήματα που παρουσιάστηκαν. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο επικεντρώνεται σε θέματα αξιολόγησης και αναδιάταξης του εννοιολογικού σχήματος-μοντέλου εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού. Εισάγεται η έννοια των Κλώνων Μοντέλου (Model Clones), ως μικρότερα μοντέλα υπερκειμένου που επαναλαμβάνονται σε ένα ευρύτερο μοντέλο εφαρμογής και η έννοια των Οσμών Μοντέλου (Model Smells), ως ενδείξεις ύπαρξης κλώνων. Παρουσιάζεται μία μέθοδος ανίχνευσης πιθανών προβλημάτων αποδοτικότητας, συνέπειας, ευχρηστίας και ποιότητας στο επίπεδο του σχήματος υπερκειμένου της εφαρμογής μέσω της εξόρυξης κλώνων μοντέλου. Έτσι μπορεί να επιτευχθεί ο αποδοτικός επανασχεδιασμός και η βελτίωση της συνολικής ποιότητάς της, σε επίπεδο διαχείρισης δεδομένων, διάταξης του υπερκειμένου και παρουσίασης του περιεχομένου. Επιπλέον, παρέχονται μετρικές αξιολόγησης, οι οποίες δίνουν τη δυνατότητα ποσοτικοποίησης της "ακατάλληλης" επαναχρη-σιμοποίησης των κλώνων και προτείνονται κανόνες αναδιάταξης του μοντέλου της εφαρμογής. Τέλος, αναλύονται θέματα αυτοματοποίησης της διαδικασίας αναδιάταξης του μοντέλου της εφαρμογής με βάση τους κλώνους μοντέλου που έχουν ανιχνευθεί. Οι τεχνικές που παρουσιάζονται μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν κατά τη διάρκεια σχεδιασμού της εφαρμογής, καθώς και κατά τη διάρκεια συντήρησης και επανασχεδιασμού της. Βασικός στόχος είναι να υποστηριχτεί η ανάγκη να προσεγγιστούν όλες οι πτυχές αποδοτικού και ποιοτικού σχεδιασμού από την αρχή του κύκλου ανάπτυξης εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο μελετάται το πρόβλημα εντοπισμού αποδοτικών σχεδιαστικών λύσεων και σχεδιαστικών προτύπων μέσα στο εννοιολογικό σχήμα-μοντέλο μίας ή περισσότερων εφαρμογών Παγκόσμιου Ιστού. Τα σχεδιαστικά πρότυπα παράγονται από πεπειραμένους σχεδιαστές λογισμικού, οι οποίοι εμπειρικά μελετούν μια σειρά από επιτυχημένες εφαρμογές και στη συνέχεια ορίζουν ένα ή περισσότερα από αυτά. Επιπλέον, το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό σχεδιαστικών προτύπων μέχρι σήμερα, έχει προταθεί από ένα πολύ μικρό αριθμό σχεδιαστών. Με στόχο την αντιμετώπιση του παραπάνω προβλήματος, προτείνεται μία μέθοδος αυτόματης εξόρυξης αποτελεσματικών σχεδιαστικών λύσεων κατά τη διάρκεια σχεδίασης (ή συντήρησης και επανασχεδιασμού) μίας εφαρμογής, στο επίπεδο του μοντέλου της. Η συγκεκριμένη μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση, στην περίπτωση που εφαρμοστεί σε εννοιολογικά σχήματα πολλών εφαρμογών μίας συγκεκριμένης κατηγορίας, μπορεί να οδηγήσει στον προσδιορισμό Πλαισίων Ανάπτυξης Εφαρμογών για τον αποδοτικό σχεδιασμό εφαρμογών της συγκεκριμένης αυτής κατηγορίας, ή ακόμα και στον αυτόματο εντοπισμό σχεδιαστικών προτύπων. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται ο συνδυασμός της μεθόδου με υψηλότερου επιπέδου γλώσσες χειρισμού μοντέλου εφαρμογών, ώστε να επιτευχθεί η αυτοματοποίηση της εφαρμογής των αποδοτικών σχεδιαστικών λύσεων που ανακτήθηκαν με τη χρήση της, για τη δημιουργία ή επέκταση του εννοιολογικού σχήματος μίας εφαρμογής. Στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο της διδακτορικής διατριβής γίνεται διερεύνηση του προβλήματος της συνεχώς αυξανόμενης κίνησης στον Παγκόσμιο Ιστό και της επίδρασης που έχει αυτό στην ποιότητα των εφαρμογών που βασίζονται στο συγκεκριμένο περιβάλλον. Σύμφωνα με πρόσφατες έρευνες, η κίνηση στον Παγκόσμιο Ιστό διπλασιάζεται κάθε χρόνο. Οι χρήστες απαιτούν όλο και μεγαλύτερο όγκο πληροφορίας από τους Ιστοχώρους του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού, ενώ παράλληλα θέλουν να ξοδέψουν όσο το δυνατόν μικρότερο χρόνο για την καταφόρτωση δεδομένων (downloading). Για το λόγο αυτό, όλο και περισσότερο εύρος ζώνης Διαδικτύου απαιτείται και οι παροχείς πρόσβασης στο Διαδίκτυο (ISPs) προσπαθούν να λύσουν το πρόβλημα κατασκευάζοντας δίκτυα υψηλών ταχυτήτων. Στο συγκεκριμένο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται μία μέθοδος μείωσης του χρόνου καταφόρτωσης ιστοσελίδων με τη χρήση αλγορίθμων συμπίεσης δεδομένων. Επίσης, παρουσιάζεται μια περιπτωσιολογική μελέτη (case study) που υπολογίζει τη μείωση του χρόνου που απαιτείται για να καταφορτωθεί πλήρως μία ιστοσελίδα και να παραδοθεί στον τελικό χρήστη. Επιπλέον, αναλύεται ο τρόπος υπολογισμού του ποσοστού μείωσης του όγκου των μεταφερόμενων δεδομένων, των πόρων σε εύρος ζώνης και του χρόνου απόκρισης, όταν το χαρακτηριστικό συμπίεσης του πρωτοκόλλου HTTP/1.1 ενεργοποιηθεί. / The exponential growth of the Web and its capillar diffusion in a variety of productive contexts are nurturing a novel generation of applications, characterized by a large degree of complexity. The development of such applications is a hybrid between traditional Information Systems development and Hypermedia authoring. This combination challenges the existing tools and approaches for software production. In this dissertation we take an in-depth look at a wide range of aspects concerning the performance improvement of data-intensive Web applications. The main goal is to improve the performance at all levels of the application life-cycle. At a first level we focus on the processes of design, development and maintenance of Web applications and at a second level on their effective delivery to their end users. In the first chapter we present the current practices and methodological approaches proposed by the research community, in order to provide a firm and effective framework for the design/modeling and development of Web applications. We evidentiate the software engineering, architectural, and applicative issues of Web development, and compare the current approaches on Web modeling, in order to identify open problems and potential extensions. We provide an in-depth analysis of Web Modeling Language (WebML), as it will be utilized for the demonstration of the methods and techniques proposed in the next two chapters. Finally, we summarize the results and report on the advantages and disadvantages identified during the design and development of four real life web applications using a modeling language. The second chapter focuses on evaluating and refactoring the conceptual schemas of Web applications. We introduce the notion of Model Clones, as partial conceptual schemas that are repeated within a broader application model and the notion of Model Smells, as certain blocks in the Web applications model, that imply the possibility of refactoring. We illustrate a methodology for detecting and evaluating the existence of potential model clones, in order to identify problems in an application

La recherche en génie logiciel a depuis longtemps tenté de mieux comprendre le processus de développement logiciel, minimalement, pour en reproduire les bonnes pratiques, et idéalement, pour pouvoir le mécaniser. On peut identifier deux approches majeures pour caractériser le processus. La première approche, dite transformationnelle, perçoit le processus comme une séquence de transformations préservant certaines propriétés des données à l’entrée. Cette idée a été récemment reprise par l’architecture dirigée par les modèles de l’OMG. La deuxième approche consiste à répertorier et à codifier des solutions éprouvées à des problèmes récurrents. Les recherches sur les styles architecturaux, les patrons de conception, ou les cadres d’applications s’inscrivent dans cette approche. Notre travail de recherche reconnaît la complémentarité des deux approches, notamment pour l’étape de conception: dans le cadre du développement dirigé par les modèles, nous percevons l’étape de conception comme l’application de patrons de solutions aux modèles reçus en entrée. Il est coutume de définir l’étape de conception en termes de conception architecturale, et conception détaillée. La conception architecturale se préoccupe d’organiser un logiciel en composants répondant à un ensemble d’exigences non-fonctionnelles, alors que la conception détaillée se préoccupe, en quelque sorte, du contenu de ces composants. La conception architecturale s’appuie sur des styles architecturaux qui sont des principes d’organisation permettant d’optimiser certaines qualités, alors que la conception détaillée s’appuie sur des patrons de conception pour attribuer les responsabilités aux classes. Les styles architecturaux et les patrons de conception sont des artefacts qui codifient des solutions éprouvées à des problèmes récurrents de conception. Alors que ces artefacts sont bien documentés, la décision de les appliquer reste essentiellement manuelle. De plus, les outils proposés n’offrent pas un support adéquat pour les appliquer à des modèles existants. Dans cette thèse, nous nous attaquons à la conception détaillée, et plus particulièrement, à la transformation de modèles par application de patrons de conception, en partie parce que les patrons de conception sont moins complexes, et en partie parce que l’implémentation des styles architecturaux passe souvent par les patrons de conception. Ainsi, nous proposons une approche pour représenter et appliquer les patrons de conception. Notre approche se base sur la représentation explicite des problèmes résolus par ces patrons. En effet, la représentation explicite du problème résolu par un patron permet : (1) de mieux comprendre le patron, (2) de reconnaître l’opportunité d’appliquer le patron en détectant une instance de la représentation du problème dans les modèles du système considéré, et (3) d’automatiser l’application du patron en la représentant, de façon déclarative, par une transformation d’une instance du problème en une instance de la solution. Pour vérifier et valider notre approche, nous l’avons utilisée pour représenter et appliquer différents patrons de conception et nous avons effectué des tests pratiques sur des modèles générés à partir de logiciels libres. / Software engineering researchers have long tried to understand the software process development to mechanize it or at least to codify its good practices. We identify two major approaches to characterize the process. The first approach—known as transformational—sees the process as a sequence of property-preserving transformations. This idea was recently adopted by the OMG’s model-driven architecture (MDA). The second approach consists in identifying and codifying proven solutions to recurring problems. Research on architectural styles, frameworks and design patterns are part of this approach. Our research recognizes the complementarity of these two approaches, in particular in the design step. Indeed within the model-driven development context, we view software design as the process of applying codified solution patterns to input models. Software design is typically defined in terms of architectural design and detailed design. Architectural design aims at organizing the software in modules or components that meet a set of non-functional requirements while detailed design is—in some way—concerned by the contents of the identified components. Architectural design relies on architectural styles which are principles of organization to optimize certain quality requirements, whereas detailed design relies on design patterns to assign responsibilities to classes. Both architectural styles and design patterns are design artifacts that encode proven solutions to recurring design problems. While these design artifacts are documented, the decision to apply them remains essentially manual. Besides, once a decision has been made to use a design artifact, there is no adequate support to apply it to existing models. As design patterns present an ‘‘easier’’ problem to solve, and because architectural styles implementation relies on design patterns, our strategy for addressing these issues was to try to solve the problem for design patterns first, and then tackle architectural styles. Hence, in this thesis, we propose an approach for representing and applying design patterns. Our approach is based on an explicit representation of the problems solved by design patterns. Indeed, and explicit representation of the problem solved by a pattern enables to: 1) better understand the pattern, 2) recognize the opportunity of applying the pattern by matching the representation of the problem against the models of the considered system, and 3) specify declaratively the application of the pattern as a transformation of an instance of the problem into an instance of the solution. To verify and validate the proposed approach, we used it to represent and apply several design patterns. We also conducted practical tests on models generated from open source systems.

This dissertation presents software components for processing and analysis of digital images and a system capable to control them in an organized way. The Components must be functional, context-free, readable and maintainable. So far, achieving these basic requirements is a need in the software development process. Software components are designed to be reusable in a variety of different environments. The architecture of programming language used, in the case Java, allows programs to be assembled from software building blocks. In that way the designer can incorporate easily these components into an application, needing just to know your entrance and exit interface. However, to find the right abstractions to build extensible and reusable software is not an easy task. Even experienced object-oriented designers often need to review a design several times before getting to one appropriate solution. Therefore, the idea of design patterns has gained ground quickly since it provides a solution to a certain design problem. These patterns specify a way to build, structure, and manipulate software entities in a reasonably fashion, aiming mainly, to management your complexity in the domain of digital imaging processing to assure your quality. In this paper were built components for image segmentation based on convolution filters, for improvement of the quality of the image through the process of automatic equalization, for image storage in graphic files of different formats, in the creation of a component to visualize the histogram, in the visualization of the image in the screen through graphic interface, in the conversion of the colored images for grayscale formats and in the thresholding process. / Essa dissertação apresenta componentes de software para processamento e análise de imagens digitais e um sistema capaz de controlá-los de forma organizada. Os componentes precisam ser funcionais, flexíveis, legíveis e de fácil manutenção. Assim, alcançar esses requerimentos básicos é uma necessidade no processo de desenvolvimento de software. Componentes de software são projetados para serem usados em uma variedade de ambientes. A arquitetura da linguagem de programação utilizada, no caso Java, permite que os programas sejam montados a partir de blocos de software. Dessa forma o projetista pode incorporar facilmente esse componente em uma aplicação, necessitando conhecer apenas sua interface de entrada e saída. No entanto, encontrar a abstração certa para construir software reutilizável não é uma tarefa fácil. Mesmo os projetistas mais experientes em orientação por objetos freqüentemente precisam revisar um projeto várias vezes antes de conseguir uma solução apropriada. Por essa razão, a idéia de padrões de projeto tem ganhado terreno rapidamente, desde que estabelece uma solução para um certo problema de projeto. Estes padrões especificam uma maneira para construir, estruturar e manipular entidades de software em um estilo racional visando, principalmente, gerenciar a sua complexidade no domínio de processamento digital de imagens para assegurar a sua qualidade. Nesse trabalho foram construídos componentes para segmentação de imagens baseado em filtros de convolução, para melhoria da qualidade da imagem através do processo de equalização automática, para armazenamento da imagem em arquivos gráficos de diferentes formatos, na criação de um componente para visualizar o histograma, na visualização da imagem na tela através de interface gráfica, na conversão da imagens coloridas para tons de cinza e no processo de limiarização.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-17T14:18:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EDEMBERG ROCHA DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2003..pdf: 1169743 bytes, checksum: 2feda912b0a385f167ab5d5d55ea5a71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T14:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDEMBERG ROCHA DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2003..pdf: 1169743 bytes, checksum: 2feda912b0a385f167ab5d5d55ea5a71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-22 / Capes / Padrões de projeto são considerados uma das mais valiosas tecnologias para produzir software de qualidade. Uma técnica para melhorar o uso de padrões é identificar suas realizações e inferir um conhecimento para melhorá-las. Esta tarefa de encontrar todas as realizações de padrões em um projeto caracteriza-se por ser tediosa para o engenheiro de software. Nessa dissertação apresentamos um sistema assistente para programadores e arquitetos de software, chamado SAMOA (Sistema de Apoio a Modelagem Orientada a Objetos de Aplicações). Este sistema é um assistente interativo para automatizar o trabalho de detecção de realizações de padrões de projetos. Basicamente, o SAMOA é capaz de automaticamente (i) encontrar padrões aplicados em diagramas de classes UML e em fontes JAVA; (ii) produzir possíveis criticas sobre esses padrões. Depois que esses são detectados, um conjunto de críticas de projetos são verificadas para testar se a realização dos padrões pode ser melhorada. E (iii) instanciar padrões visando à geração de código do mesmo, na linguagem de programação Java. Foi implementado um protótipo do sistema que realiza as atividades (i) e (iii). Abordamos, também, quais diferenciais nosso sistema tem em relação aos demais existentes / Design patterns are considered one of the most valuable technologies to produce quality software. A technique to improve the use of patterns is to identify their realizations and to induce a knowlege to enhance their use. This work to find all pattern realizations in a software design can be tedious for the software engineer. In this dissertation we show an assistant system for programmers and software architets, called SAMOA (Sistema de Apoio a Modelagem Orientada a Objetos de Aplicações). This system is an interactive assistant to automate the work of detection of the realizations of design patterns. On principle, SAMOA is able to automatically (i) find patterns applied in UML diagrams and in JAVA;sources (ii) make critiques about these patterns. If a pattern has been detected, a set of design critiques are verified to test if the realization of the pattern can be improved. And (iii) instanciate patterns to aim an automatic code generation in the JAVA programming language. We have implemented a prototype of the system that realizes activities (i) and (iii). We also discuss , wich properties differentiate our system from existing others.