Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-04T17:50:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardobarbosalimamendesoscar.pdf: 1758751 bytes, checksum: fe796c61512f47ec7ea5ac38343d8921 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T13:52:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardobarbosalimamendesoscar.pdf: 1758751 bytes, checksum: fe796c61512f47ec7ea5ac38343d8921 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T13:52:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardobarbosalimamendesoscar.pdf: 1758751 bytes, checksum: fe796c61512f47ec7ea5ac38343d8921 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / O presente estudo busca avaliar o comportamento da taxa de câmbio R$/US$ utilizando-se de modelos teóricos que procuram captar os fundamentos da taxa de câmbio e investigar sobre um possível efeito bolha no mercado cambial nacional. Os modelos teóricos utilizados para descrever os fundamentos macroeconômicos que captam os movimentos da taxa de câmbio foram o modelo Monetário e o da Regra de Taylor. Para evidenciar existência de bolha, utilzou-se do teste econométrico de Phillips, Wu e Yu (2011). Os resultados obtidos na análise empírica mostraram que o modelo Monetário não consegue aproximar as flutuações observadas na taxa de câmbio. Diferentemente, os modelos da Regra de Taylor apresentam uma boa descrição do movimento desta variável. Por sua vez os resultados do método aplicado e do teste específico para o efeito bolha conduziram a conclusão de não existência de bolha na taxa de câmbio trimestral brasileira. / The present study seeks to evaluate the behavior of the exchange rate R$/US$ using theoretical models that seek to capture the fundamentals of the exchange rate and investigate a possible bubble effect in the national exchange market. The theoretical models used to describe the macroeconomic fundamentals that capture the movements of the exchange rate were the Monetary Model and the Taylor Rule. To prove the existence of a bubble, the econometric test of Phillips e Yu (2011) was used. The results obtained on the empirical analysis showed that the Monetary model could not approximate the observed fluctuations in the exchange rate, while Taylor rule models captured a good description of the movement of this variable. In turn, the results of the applied method and the specific test for the bubble effect led to the conclusion that there is no bubble in the Brazilian quarterly exchange rate.

In questa tesi descriviamo una procedura automatizzata per l’analisi della corteccia motoria dello scimpanzè, del Macaca fascicularis e del cavallo, basata su un nuovo metodo computerizzato di analisi delle sezioni colorate attraverso il metodo di Nissl, al fine di studiare la corteccia cerebrale in specie differenti. Le microfotografie delle sezioni sono state elaborate con una procedura standardizzata usando il software ImageJ. Questa procedura ha previsto la suddivisione degli strati corticali, dal primo al sesto, in diversi frames. Per misurare la complessità delle cellule nervose (cioè quanto una cellula fosse diversa dalle adiacenti) abbiamo utilizzato un modello di rappresentazione statistica non-parametrica che mostra come la complessità può essere espressa in termini di un adeguato indice di dispersione statistica quale il MAD (mean absolute deviation). Abbiamo quindi dimostrato che gli strati piramidali della corteccia motoria del cavallo sono più irregolari di quelli di scimpanzè e Macaca fascicularis. La combinazione dell’analisi automatica delle immagini e delle analisi statistiche consente pertanto di confrontare e classificare la complessità della corteccia motoria attraverso diverse specie. Il modello viene proposto come strumento al fine di contribuire a stabilire le somiglianze cerebrali tra umani e animali, rispettando il principio delle 3R. / In this thesis we describe an automated procedure based on a new computerized method of partitioning Nissl-stained sections of the motor cortex of the chimpanzee, crab-eating monkey, and horse, to study the neocortex in different species. Microphotographs of the sections were first processed using a standard procedure in ImageJ, then the stained neuronal profiles were analyzed within continuously adjoining frames from the first to the sixth layer of neocortex. To measure the neuronal complexity (how a given cell is different from its neighbors) we used a general non-parametric data representation model showing that the complexity can be expressed in terms of a suitable measure of statistical dispersion such as the mean absolute deviation. We demonstrated that the pyramidal layers of the motor cortex of the horse are more irregular than those of the monkeys studied. The combination of automated image analysis and statistical analysis made it possible to compare and rank the motor cortex complexity across different species. Therefore, we are confident that our work will help to establish brain similarities between humans and animals used for alimentary purpose, whose brain is often discarded. This, in turn, will allow to carry out the experimental brain research obeying the 3Rs principle.

The Exchanged Traded Funds (ETFs) have become a widespread investment vehicle, with unique features that have not been sufficiently studied, especially when it comes to emerging markets ETFs. In addition, consolidated pricing models are not enough to analyze the dynamics of a type of fund that adds a new dimension to a traditional investment funds: a change in the price of shares traded on the stock exchange. Thus, ETFs have shares priced by supply and demand, that may present considerable discrepancies in relation to its book value, called Net Asset Value (NAV). The difference between the price of the share and its book value (or their returns) is called pricing deviation by the emerging literature on the theme, although there are discrepancies about its name and concept. Some studies such as Berk and Stanton (2007) point out that the share returns can be partly explained by its own persistence. There are indications also that it would be related to an exaggerated reaction of the market, as verified by Levy and Lieberman (2013) and Milani and Ceretta (2014b). To contribute to the limited literature on the subject, this study aimed to verify how the variables of traditional models of investment fund pricing explain the Brazilian ETFs returns and which are the characteristics of the local correlation of its price deviation with the return market. After estimating the traditional pricing models, it was found that the return of the ETF is explained by the co-variance and co-kurtosis coefficients and the SMB factor. Still, the relationship between the return of their shares and its book value variation was observed, showing that the market return itself affects the price variation. Among the various contributions, it was found that extreme market returns affect the return of the ETF to a greater extent; negative market returns are more influent than positive returns; there is a tendency that investors allocate funds in ETFs already overstated; a specific ETF showed superior performance to others through greater exposure to systematic risk in times of elevation than in the fall, and possibly taking advantage of economy of scale. The results contribute to the formation of the young literature on the Brazilian ETFs, generating new questions that can be leveraged in future research. / Os Exchanged Traded Funds (ETFs) se tornaram um veículo de investimentos amplamente difundido, com características únicas que não foram ainda suficientemente estudadas, especialmente quando se trata de ETFs de mercados emergentes. Além disso, modelos de precificação consolidados não são suficientes para analisar a dinâmica de um tipo de fundo que adiciona uma nova dimensão em relação aos fundos de investimento tradicionais: a variação do preço das quotas, negociadas em bolsa de valores. Assim, os ETFs apresentam cotas precificadas pela oferta e demanda, podendo apresentar consideráveis discrepâncias em relação ao seu valor patrimonial, denominado Net Asset Value (NAV). A diferença entre o preço da quota e seu valor patrimonial (ou seus retornos) é denominada pela emergente literatura acerca do tema de desvio de preço, embora ainda existam discrepâncias acerca da sua denominação e conceituação. Alguns estudos como o de Berk e Stanton (2007) apontam que os retornos das cotas podem ser explicados parcialmente por sua própria persistência. Há indícios também que estariam relacionados com uma reação exagerada do mercado, como verificado por Levy e Lieberman (2013) e Milani e Ceretta (2014b). Visando contribuir com a restrita literatura acerca do tema, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral verificar como as variáveis de modelos tradicionais de precificação de fundos de investimento explicam os retornos de ETFs brasileiros e quais as características da correlação local de seu desvio do preço com o retorno do mercado. Após a estimação dos tradicionais modelos de precificação, verificou-se que o retorno dos ETFs é explicado pelos coeficientes de co-variância, co-curtose e pelo fator SMB. Ainda, foi verificada a relação entre o retorno de suas quotas e a variação de seu valor patrimonial, revelando que o próprio retorno do mercado afeta o desvio de preço. Entre as diversas contribuições, verificou-se que retornos extremos do mercado afetam o retorno dos ETFs em maior proporção; retornos negativos influenciam mais os ETFs do que retornos positivos; há tendência de que os investidores aloquem recursos em ETFs já superavaliados; um ETF específico apresentou performance superior aos demais através de uma exposição maior ao risco sistemático nos momentos de elevação do que nos de queda, além de possivelmente usufruir de ganhos de escala. Os resultados contribuem para a formação da jovem literatura acerca dos ETFs brasileiros, gerando novos questionamentos que poderão ser aproveitados em pesquisas futuras.

This diploma thesis deals with spot energy trading in the Czech Republic. The first section focuses on legal market environments, market members, and types of individual markets. This serves as an introduction to the second and the final section, which answers the question of the advantageousness of spot energy trading. The final section illustrates a practical demonstration of an optimization analysis of energy costs in a particular company. The contribution of this thesis, in my opinion, is the practical description of the calculation of energy costs in one company or an association of companies, which are considering the spot energy purchase, and a transfer of the responsibility for the deviation.

Predictions of species’ ranges from distribution modeling are often used to inform marine management and conservation efforts, but few studies justify the model selected or quantify the uncertainty of the model predictions in a spatial manner. This thesis employs a multi-model, multi-area SDM analysis to develop a higher certainty in the predictions where similarities exist across models and areas. Partial dependence plots and variable importance rankings were shown to be useful in producing further certainty in the results. The modeling indicated that glass sponges (Hexactinellida) are most likely to exist within the North Pacific Ocean where alkalinity is greater than 2.2 μmol l-1 and dissolved oxygen is lower than 2 ml l-1. Silicate was also found to be an important environmental predictor. All areas, except Hecate Strait, indicated that high glass sponge probability of presence coincided with silicate values of 150 μmol l-1 and over, although lower values in Hecate Strait confirmed that sponges can exist in areas with silicate values of as low as 40 μmol l-1. Three methods of showing spatial uncertainty of model predictions were presented: the standard error (SE) of a binomial GLM, the standard deviation of predictions made from 200 bootstrapped GLM models, and the standard deviation of eight commonly used SDM algorithms. Certain areas with few input data points or extreme ranges of predictor variables were highlighted by these methods as having high uncertainty. Such areas should be treated cautiously regardless of the overall accuracy of the model as indicated by accuracy metrics (AUC, TSS), and such areas could be targeted for future data collection. The uncertainty metrics produced by the multi-model SE varied from the GLM SE and the bootstrapped GLM. The uncertainty was lowest where models predicted low probability of presence and highest where the models predicted high probability of presence and these predictions differed slightly, indicating high confidence in where the models predicted the sponges would not exist.

Contentious issues of necessary defence in judicial practise Abstract This thesis is focused on the analysis of contentious issues of the criminal law institute of necessary defense within the relevant cases of judicial practise. Its purpose is to summarize the concept of the institute of necessary defense in the Czech legal system, to find out the circumstances that courts usually take into account in their decision-making and to answer other questions that are inextricably linked to the institute of necessary defense. The content of the diploma thesis is divided into chapters and subchapters. The first two chapters briefly deal with the development and function of circumstances precluding wrongfulness within the system of criminal law, the purpose of the necessary defense as one of them and its relation to necessity. The content of these chapters is mainly undisputed knowledge about these institutes. The final part of the second chapter draws on the relation between necessary defense and necessity and deals in more detail with the issue of subsidiarity, taking into account the decision-making of courts. The third chapter deals with the core of the institute of necessary defense and its necessary requirements and provides a full insight into the issue of conflict initiation and the associated...

The crimes against human dignity in sexual area - criminal and criminological aspects Abstract: The thesis deals with those crimes that affect the most intimate area of human life, the sexual area. It analyzes those crimes from a criminal point of view and compares the current Czech legislation with the legislation in Spain. Based on this comparison, the thesis contains several considerations de lege ferenda, which could improve the current Czech legislation. As the chosen topic is strongly affected by forensic science and criminology, the thesis also deals with sexual crimes from the point of view of these scientific disciplines. From a criminological point of view, the thesis examines the personality of the perpetrator and the victim. With regard to perpetrators, it deals primarily with the motives, motivations and typology of perpetrators in general. In relation to victims the thesis finds out, in particular, how committing these crimes affects their lives (including secondary victimization) and deals with their position from a procedural point of view. In the part dealing with forensic science this thesis describes the specifics associated with the investigation of this type of crimes. In order to determine whether these procedures are effective, the first part contains statistical reports showing...

[pt] A proposta desta dissertação é analisar o processo de deslizamento e ressignificação de narrativas empreendido pelo mercado informal de DVDs do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de verificar de que modo a apropriação de produtos culturais por esse mercado paralelo suscita alterações na esfera de recepção de obras previamente produzidas para outros circuitos de distribuição. Atualmente, o desenvolvimento das tecnologias informacionais e as possibilidades de apropriação de conteúdos na internet vêm modificando as rotas de circulação dos produtos culturais. A estrutura descentralizada desta nova lógica cultural gera efeitos tanto no universo da recepção dos espectadores quanto no campo da produção dos grandes veículos de comunicação. Não se fazendo notar por produtos próprios, os esquemas de ação do mercado paralelo se caracterizam por suas maneiras inventivas de empregar os produtos já existentes, lançando mão de artimanhas, como reproduzir novas capas e atribuir outros títulos para os DVDs. No recorte desta dissertação, realizado a partir de vasto material reunido em pesquisa de campo, foram selecionados para análise alguns exemplares das séries de filmes, das coletâneas criadas pelos camelôs e dos chamados DVDs montagem, conforme são conhecidos no mercado paralelo os DVDs que nunca saíram oficialmente. / [en] The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the narratives sliding and reframing process launched by the DVD s informal market of Rio de Janeiro. The objective is to verify how the appropriation of cultural goods raise changes in the reception of works previously produced by another distribution system. Nowadays the development of information technologies and the possibilities of content appropriation in the web have been changing the routes of cultural goods. The decentralized structure of this new cultural logic brings effects not only to the universe of the spectator s reception, but also to the line production of major communication corporations. Not pointed out by its own products, the scheme of actions adopted by the parallel market are characterized by the managing of ready made products, making use of tricks such as reproducing new covers and renaming the DVDs with titles different from the original. In this dissertation, among a wide range of data collected in field research, pieces of DVD collections made by hucksters, as well as several DVD mountings (DVDs that have never been officially launched, as known in the parallel market) have been selected for analysis.

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The diploma thesis focuses on the design of suitable stock exchange indices for portfolio diversification. The essence and principle of functioning of financial markets and investment funds is presented. According to suitable indicators, stock exchange indices are analyzed and compared with the market. Suitable indices are verified by means of correlation analysis and subsequently recommended to diversify the portfolios of investment funds managed through the investment company.