Att ha ADHD är en diagnos som blir allt vanligare och talas mer om i samhället. Genom denna kvalitativa intervjustudie har vi avsett att undersöka hur vardagen ser ut för de med ADHD samt hur ADHD påverkar individers identitetsskapande utifrån normer, diagnos och kön. Studiens teoretiska del utgår från den symboliska interaktionismen där Mead och Goffmans teorier används för att analysera identitet. För begreppen normer och normalitet har vi tagit hjälp av Anders Östnäs (universitetslektor i socialt arbete) och Kerstin Svensson (docent i socialt arbete) för att reflektera över begreppen. Utöver dessa används även Connell & Pearce samt West & Zimmermans teorier om kön.  Resultatet i denna studie indikerar att diagnosen blev en del av ens identitet och att normer i samhället var en bidragande faktor som påverkade självbilden. Däremot var det ingen skillnad mellan könen när det gällde hur diagnosen tog sig uttryck. Vi fann små skillnader i identitetsskapandet men detta är osäkert då ADHD är en diagnos som tar sig olika uttryck hos olika individer och underlaget var för litet. / Having ADHD is a diagnosis that is becoming more common and is being talked about more in society. Through this qualitative interview study, we intend to investigate what everyday life looks like for those with ADHD and how ADHD affects individuals' identity creation based on norms, diagnosis and gender. The theoretical part of the study is based on the symbolic interactionism in which Mead and Goffman's theories are used to analyze identity. For the concepts of norms and normality, we have taken the help of Anders Östnäs (senior lecturer in social work) and Kerstin Svensson (associate professor of social work) to reflect on the concepts. In addition to these, Connell & Pearce and West & Zimmerman's theories of gender are also used. The results of this study indicate that the diagnosis became part of one's identity and that norms in society were a contributing factor affecting self-image. However, there was no difference between the sexes when it came to how the diagnosis was expressed. We found small differences in identity creation but this is uncertain as ADHD is a diagnosis that takes on different expressions in different individuals and the basis was too small.

Detta examensarbete är det avslutande momentet för programmet ”Byggteknik och Design” på ”Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan” i Haninge. Arbetet utfördes för byggföretaget Einar Mattsson Byggnads AB. Uppgiften var att ta reda på varför kalkylerade och verkliga kostnader för nybyggnadsprojekt skiljer sig. Studien baserades på produktionskalkylerna för fyra projekt och ntervjuer med minst en inblandad från varje projekt.   De fyra poster som påvisade de största negativa avvikelserna i produktionskalkylerna för respektive projekt identifierades och orsaker till att dessa projektspecifika poster avvek utreddes. Utöver detta jämfördes, mellan projekten, vanligt förekommande poster med negativa differenser. Orsakerna till avvikelserna för dessa gemensamt avvikande poster utreddes även.  Det slags fel som låg till grund för största delen av avvikelserna på de projektspecifika posterna var kalkyleringsfel. Undersökningen visar även att många enhetstider generellt är mer eller mindre felaktiga för företaget och att erfarenhetsåterföring därför är viktigt. Därför rekommenderas företaget t.ex. att lägga mer fokus på erfarenhetsåterföringen. / This thesis is the final moment for the program “Byggteknik och Design” on ”Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan” in Haninge. The work was done for the construction company “Einar Mattsson Byggnads AB”. The task is to find out why the calculated and actual costs for building projects differ. The study is based on production estimates of four projects and interviews with at least one involved from each project.  The four entries that showed the largest negative deviations in the production estimates for each project were identified and the reasons why these project specific entries differed were investigated. In addition comparisons were made, among the given projects, of common entries with negative differences. The reasons for the deviations of these common deviating entries were investigated as well.  The kind of error that was the basis for most of the deviations in the project specific entries were errors in calculus. The survey also shows that the calculated times that are invested per unit of element are generally wrong for the company and that therefore feedback of experience is important. The company is therefore recommended, for instance, to put more focus on feedback of experience.

The intent of this thesis is to investigate how US equity funds performance differ due to their standard deviation. In order to accomplish this study, we collected daily data for 99 US equity funds for the period 2011-2020 and divided the funds into three risk classification groups based on their standard deviation for the year 2011. The collected data was used to perform an CAPM regression and to calculate returns on a three-, five- and ten-year basis. The results for the regression and the returns for the funds was later presented as average values for the different risk classification groups. We then compared the average outcomes for the three risk classifications with each other and the index S&P 500. Our result showed that the index S&P 500 outperformed the three risk classification groups average returns for every time period. We also noticed that the difference between the average returns and the index got greater by time. We did not find any big differences between our risk classifications when it comes to their performance. Our regression analysis resulted in many negative alpha values indicating that S&P 500, as many previous studies claims, outperforms actively mutual funds. The conclusion is therefore that we could not show any evidence that the there is a major different in performance between our risk groups but also that it is difficult for fund managers to outperform index.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Dissertation ist das Verhalten sogenannter Selbstüberschneidungslokalzeiten $\\|\\ell_t\\|_p^p$ einer zeitstetigen Irrfahrt $(S_r)_r$ auf dem $d$-dimensionalen Gitter $\\Z^d$. Dabei ist für $p>1$ die Funktion $\\ell_t$ definiert durch $$ \\ell_t(z):=\\int_{0}^{t}\\1_{\\{S_r=z\\}}\\,\\d r\\nonumber $$ und bezeichnet die Aufenthaltsdauer der Irrfahrt bis zum Zeitpunkt $t\\in(0,\\infty)$ im Punkt $z\\in\\Z^d$. Ziel ist es, ein Prinzip großer Abweichungen zu entwickeln, d.h. das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf dem asymptotischen Verhalten der Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass die Selbstüberschneidungslokalzeiten von ihrem Erwartungswert in erheblichem Maße nach oben abweichen. Mit anderen Worten; es soll das asymptotische Verhalten von $$ \\log\\P(\\|\\ell_t\\|_p^p\\geq r^p_t) $$ genau bestimmt werden, wobei $r_t^p\\in(0,\\infty)$ schneller als der Erwartungswert $\\E[\\|\\ell_t\\|_p^p]$ gegen unendlich streben soll. Dieses Verhalten kann dabei durch $t$, $r_t$ und eine gewisse Variationsformel beschrieben werden. Es wird sich herausstellen, dass es zwei Fälle zu betrachten gilt, in denen sich das probabilistisch beste Verhalten stark unterscheidet; die genaue Position des Phasenübergangs hängt dabei von den Parametern $p$ und $d$ ab. Im Vorgriff auf die Resultate kann man festhalten, dass die nötigen Selbstüberschneidungen in kleinen Dimensionen (im sogenannten subkritischen Fall) über einen großen Bereich erfolgen, aufgrund dessen bei der mathematischen Modellierung eine Reskalierung erforderlich ist. In hohen Dimensionen (dem sogenannten superkritischen Fall) ist dies nicht nötig, da die erforderlichen Selbstüberschneidungen innerhalb eines begrenzten Intervalles erfolgen. Das Interesse an der Untersuchung entstand unter anderem aus der Verbindung zu Modellen der statistischen Mechanik (parabolisches Anderson Modell) und zur Variationsanalysis. In der Vergangenheit wurde eine Vielzahl an Methoden benutzt, um dieses Problem zu lösen. In der vorliegenden Dissertation soll die sogenannte Momentenmethode bestmöglich ausgereizt werden und es wird gezeigt, welche Ergebnisse damit möglich sind.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förutsättningarna för första linjens chefer att bedriva ett effektivt arbete med avvikelsehantering med avsikt att utveckla verksamhetens kvalitet och skapa lärande – både inom den egna verksamheten och på organisationsnivå. Två kommunala organisationer som driver särskilda boenden för äldre var föremål för undersökningen. Fokus låg på att undersöka i vilken utsträckning förutsättningarna fanns samt hur viktiga de ansågs vara.   Studien utformades som en fallstudie i två delar: en kvalitativ del där fyra intervjuer genomfördes för att identifiera förutsättningar och en kvantitativ del som utgjordes av en enkätundersökning för att studera förutsättningarnas förekomst och viktighet. Resultatet från enkäten jämfördes inom och mellan de två kommunerna och faktorerna förekomst och viktighet vägdes samman i en modell inspirerad av Importance–Performance Analysis, här kallad förekomst–viktighets-analys.   Resultatet visade att de förutsättningar som skapar en gynnsam organisationskultur var starka i de studerade kommunerna medan förutsättningar av typen arbetssätt, stödjande resurser och forum för erfarenhetsutbyte förekom i mindre utsträckning. Vidare visade resultatet att medarbetarnas delaktighet och förutsättningar som fokuserar på den egna verksamheten bedömdes som viktigast. Det fanns en markant skillnad mellan kommunerna i hur många av de viktigaste förutsättningarna som förekom i lägre utsträckning. / The purpose of this study was to examine the prerequisites for first-line managers to manage deviation control in an effective way to develop the quality of the organisation and create learning – both within their own unit and in the organisation as a whole. The cases for this study were two municipalities and their departments of nursing home facilities for senior citizens. The main focus was to examine to what extent the prerequisites appeared and how important they were perceived to be.   The study was designed as a case study in two parts: firstly, a qualitative interview study to identify the prerequisites and secondly, a quantitative survey study to examine to what extent the prerequisites appeared in the studied organisations, and how important they were perceived to be. The result was compared within as well as between the two organisations and displayed in a model inspired by Importance–Performance Analysis, called FVA (förekomst–viktighets-analys).   The result showed that the prerequisites that create a favourable organisational culture were strong in the studied organisations, while prerequisites linked to work procedures, supporting resources and arenas for exchanging experiences appeared to a lesser extent. The result also showed that prerequisites connected to the participation of the co-workers and the managers’ own facility were regarded as more important. The difference between the two organisations was considerable in how many of the most important prerequisites that appeared to a lesser extent. / <p>2021-06-06</p>

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18783号 / 理博第4041号 / 新制||理||1582(附属図書館) / 31734 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐々 真一, 准教授 篠本 滋, 准教授 武末 真二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

In this thesis, I study fluctuations and rare events of time-additive observables of discrete-time Markov chains on finite state spaces. The observable of interest is the mean node connectivity visited by a random walk running on instances of an Erdős-Rényi (ER) random graph. I implement and analyze the Adaptive Power Method (APM) which converges to the driven process, a biased random walk defined through a control parameter that simulates trajectories corresponding to rare events of the observable in the original dynamics. The APM demonstrates good convergence and accurately produces the desired quantities from a single trajectory. Due to the bulk-dangling-chain structure in the ER graph, the driven process seems to undergo a dynamical phase transition (DPT) for infinitely large graphs, meaning the behavior of the trajectories changes abruptly as the control parameter is varied. Observations show that the random walk visits two distinct phases, being de-localized in the bulk or localized in the chain. Through two simpler models capturing the bulk-dangling-chain property of the ER graph I study how the DPT occurs as the graph size increases. I observe that the trajectories of the driven process near the transition show intermittent behavior between the two phases. The diverging time scale of the DPT is found to be the average time that the random walk spends in a phase before it transitions to the other one. On the ER graph the trajectories are also intermittent but the form of the time scaling remains open due to computational limits on the graph size.

The rise of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as wind and solar power, creates new challenges for electric power systems. One of these challenges occur in Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) on power system because of decreasing system inertia from RES. The purpose of FCR is to regulate the system frequency after a disturbance that gives rise to a Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) and an Instantaneous Frequency Deviation (IFD). Conventional electricity production such as hydro and nuclear power have a contribution for the amount of inertia in the system, while RES lack this contribution of inertia.This paper studies different cases of amount of inertia to understand the impact of lower amount of inertia caused by RES on power system. A power system was simulated and the IFD and SteadyState Frequency Deviation (SSFD) of the system were examined as the nuclear powers were substituted by wind powers. The results showed that a large amount of inertia implies a small IFD and vice versa.Furthermore, this paper also studies Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) as a power support for FCR when using RES. The conclusion for the impact of the battery was to use high injected power and triggering frequency level (TLF) and vice versa to get an acceptable IFD. In other words, this means that it is possible to keep the IFD within predefined limits by using batteries and identify the appropriate range of battery control settings.

No description available.

Measurements in a reverberation chamber use spatially averaged squared pressure to calculate sound absorption, sound power, and other sound measurements. While a reverberation chamber provides an approximation of a diffuse sound field, variations in the measurements introduce uncertainty in measurement results. Room qualification procedures require a sufficient number of source-receiver locations to obtain suitable measurements. The total acoustic energy density provides greater spatial uniformity than squared pressure, which requires fewer source-receiver positions to produce similar or better accuracy in measurement results. This paper explores the possibility of using energy density in place of squared pressure, using methods outlined in current ISO standards, by describing several experimental and analytical results.