Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, магистерской три главы, заключение, список использованных источников. В первой главе мы рассмотрели роль прямых зарубежных русском и инвестиций в экономическом развитии стран и теоретические концепции мотивов осуществления ПЗИ. Во второй главе мы провели анализ инвестиционного климата Российской Федерации, проанализировали формы привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиций в национальной экономике и сделали анализ факторов, влияющих на прямые иностранные инвестиции в России. В третьей главе изучили стратегические приоритеты и эффективность привлечения иностранных инвестиций в развитие экономике региона. В заключении подведены итоги выполненной работы. / The structure of the master's thesis includes an introduction, master's three chapters, conclusion, list of sources used. In the first chapter, we examined the role of foreign direct Russian and investment in the economic development of countries and the theoretical concepts of the motives for implementing FDI. In the second chapter, we analyzed the investment climate of the Russian Federation, analyzed the forms of attracting foreign direct investment in the national economy and made an analysis of the factors influencing foreign direct investment in Russia. The third chapter explored the strategic priorities and the effectiveness of attracting foreign investment in the development of the region's economy. In the conclusion, the results of the work performed are summarized.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o federalismo brasileiro e a Guerra Fiscal como produto de sua dinâmica. Contribui com a discussão dos aspectos políticos e territoriais presentes no federalismo brasileiro que tenham rebatimento imediato na Guerra Fiscal, em contraposição à idéia corrente de enfraquecimento dos Estados, fim das fronteiras e desregulamentação da economia, em grande medida propagada pelo pensamento Neoliberal. Sistematiza, em meio a uma diversidade de arranjos de governos sob este regime, um modelo mínimo comum de características a todas as federações, incluindo os problemas gerados pela sobrerrepresentação das unidades federadas e o princípio da autonomia e governo descentralizado. Traça um panorama do federalismo político brasileiro e suas etapas, desde sua formação à atualidade: da formação do federalismo brasileiro até o Estado Novo, o curto período que vai do Estado Novo até o início da Ditadura Militar, entre 1945-64, do declínio do regime autoritário até a Constituição de 1988, e o federalismo, a partir da Constituição de 1988. Concomitantemente ao desenvolvimento do enfoque político do federalismo, é feita a análise do federalismo fiscal desde a Constituição de 1891 até o reforma tributária de 1966, desta reforma até a Constituição de 1988 e deste período à atualidade, passando pela descentralização de receitas e a abordagem do papel do ICMS na Guerra Fiscal. Esboça um panorama do quadro histórico e político em que a Guerra Fiscal está inserida no mundo atual que, sob a égide da Globalização e do Neoliberalismo, propõe a diminuição progressiva da atuação dos Estados na economia - dando importância à presença dos IEDs (Investimentos Externos Diretos) ao redor do mundo e particularmente seu comportamento em território nacional; e, finalmente, entender mais plenamente a importância dos elementos territoriais para a existência e reprodução da Guerra Fiscal. Esse estudo integrado, que leva em conta os aspectos políticos, econômicos, históricos e geográficos, é fundamental para determinar a importância dos incentivos territoriais para as disputas por investimentos por parte das unidades federativas, haja vista a importância exagerada que a literatura corrente, que trata do federalismo e da Guerra Fiscal, imputa aos incentivos fiscais, à gênese e à reprodução das disputas por plantas industriais pelas unidades federadas. / The goal to this paper is to analyze Brazilian federalism and the fiscal war as the product of its dynamics. It contributes to the discussion of political and territorial aspects which are present in the Brazilian federalism and that have immediate reflection in the fiscal war, opposite to the current idea of weakening of the federal States, end of boundaries, and deregulation of the economy, in great extend diffused by the Neoliberal ideas. It systematizes, amongst diverse patterns of governments under that regimen, a minimum common model of characteristics to all federations, including the problems generated by the overrepresentation of the federal units and the premise of autonomy and decentralized government. It elaborates an overview of Brazilian political federalism and its stages, from its beginning to current days: from the beginning of Brazilian federalism to Estado Novo, the short period of time that goes from Estado Novo up to the beginning of the military dictatorship, between 1945 and 1964, from the decay of the authoritarian regimen up to the 1988 Constitution, and the federalism, from the 1988 Constitution on. Parallel to the development of federalisms political focus, the analyses of fiscal federalism is made, from the 1891 Constitution up to the tributary reform in 1966, from that reform up to the 1988 Constitution, and form that time up to current days, going through income decentralization and the approach to the role of ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços Products and Services Circulation Tax) in fiscal war. It elaborates an overview of the historical and political picture in which fiscal war is inserted in our present world that, under the protection of globalization and Neoliberalism, proposes the progressive decrease of the States interference in economy weighing importance to the presence of IEDs (Investimentos Externos Diretos Direct Foreign Investment) around the world and specially its behavior in the national territory; and, finally, to understand more fully the importance of the territorial elements to the existence and reproduction of fiscal war. That integrated study, that takes into account the political, economic, historical and geographical aspects, is essential to determine the importance of territorial incentives for the investment disputes by the federal units, taking into account the overestimated importance that the current literature, that deals with federalism and fiscal war, gives to fiscal incentives, the genesis and reproduction of disputes for industrial plants by federal units.

Le contrat d'investissement étranger, soulève en pratique une longue série de problèmes juridiques très complexes. Une complexité qui est particulièrement accentuée lorsque l'investissement étranger concerne les ressources naturelles, en particulier le pétrole qui restent à ce jour la ressource la plus précieuse en matière de développement socio-économique. Cette complexité autour du contrat d’investissement pétrolier s’explique par deux facteurs principaux. La première concerne la nature diffèrent et même contradictoire des cocontractants ainsi que de leurs droits découlant du contrat lui-même. La deuxième concerne les éléments de risque qui entourent le contrat pétrolier et qui peuvent interrompre son exécution.Alors qu’une étude qui porte sur la stabilité, la sécurité et de la continuité du contrat d’investissement pétrolier exigent une interrogation accrue de doubles mesures. Le premier porte sur un examen profond fin d’identifier les droits et obligations des deux cocontractants «État-hôte et investisseur privé», au vu du droit national et international. Il s’agit aussi de classer et identifier la nature juridique du contrat pétrolier lui-même ainsi que la nature des lois qu’il régissent. Alors que la deuxième mesure porte sur une analyse sur les solutions législatives et contractuelles ainsi que de leurs applications apportées par le droit international et les droits nationaux afin d’apercevoir une stabilité plus sûre et plus durable. / The direct foreign investment contract raises, in practice, a long series of very complex legal problems. A Complexity that is particularly accentuated when a foreign investment concerns natural resources, and especially petrol, which remains to this day the most valuable resource for global socio-economic development.This complexity around the petroleum investment contracts can be explained by two main factors. The first factor concerns the differences and even contradictory nature of the contracting parties as well as of their rights stemming from the contract itself. The second factor touching the elements of risk surrounding the petroleum industry as well as its affect on petroleum investment contracts which interrupts their execution.While an investigation into the stability, security and continuity of the petroleum investment contracts requires work decided into two different steps. The first is an interrogation in order to identify the rights and obligations of the two contracting parties "host State and private investor", In view of national and international law. It is also a question of classifying and identifying the legal nature of the petroleum contract as well as the nature and sources of the laws that govern its relation. While the second step focuses on an analysis of the legislative and contractual solutions as well as their applications by international law, national law and the doctrine, in order to perceive a more secure and lasting stability.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o federalismo brasileiro e a Guerra Fiscal como produto de sua dinâmica. Contribui com a discussão dos aspectos políticos e territoriais presentes no federalismo brasileiro que tenham rebatimento imediato na Guerra Fiscal, em contraposição à idéia corrente de enfraquecimento dos Estados, fim das fronteiras e desregulamentação da economia, em grande medida propagada pelo pensamento Neoliberal. Sistematiza, em meio a uma diversidade de arranjos de governos sob este regime, um modelo mínimo comum de características a todas as federações, incluindo os problemas gerados pela sobrerrepresentação das unidades federadas e o princípio da autonomia e governo descentralizado. Traça um panorama do federalismo político brasileiro e suas etapas, desde sua formação à atualidade: da formação do federalismo brasileiro até o Estado Novo, o curto período que vai do Estado Novo até o início da Ditadura Militar, entre 1945-64, do declínio do regime autoritário até a Constituição de 1988, e o federalismo, a partir da Constituição de 1988. Concomitantemente ao desenvolvimento do enfoque político do federalismo, é feita a análise do federalismo fiscal desde a Constituição de 1891 até o reforma tributária de 1966, desta reforma até a Constituição de 1988 e deste período à atualidade, passando pela descentralização de receitas e a abordagem do papel do ICMS na Guerra Fiscal. Esboça um panorama do quadro histórico e político em que a Guerra Fiscal está inserida no mundo atual que, sob a égide da Globalização e do Neoliberalismo, propõe a diminuição progressiva da atuação dos Estados na economia - dando importância à presença dos IEDs (Investimentos Externos Diretos) ao redor do mundo e particularmente seu comportamento em território nacional; e, finalmente, entender mais plenamente a importância dos elementos territoriais para a existência e reprodução da Guerra Fiscal. Esse estudo integrado, que leva em conta os aspectos políticos, econômicos, históricos e geográficos, é fundamental para determinar a importância dos incentivos territoriais para as disputas por investimentos por parte das unidades federativas, haja vista a importância exagerada que a literatura corrente, que trata do federalismo e da Guerra Fiscal, imputa aos incentivos fiscais, à gênese e à reprodução das disputas por plantas industriais pelas unidades federadas. / The goal to this paper is to analyze Brazilian federalism and the fiscal war as the product of its dynamics. It contributes to the discussion of political and territorial aspects which are present in the Brazilian federalism and that have immediate reflection in the fiscal war, opposite to the current idea of weakening of the federal States, end of boundaries, and deregulation of the economy, in great extend diffused by the Neoliberal ideas. It systematizes, amongst diverse patterns of governments under that regimen, a minimum common model of characteristics to all federations, including the problems generated by the overrepresentation of the federal units and the premise of autonomy and decentralized government. It elaborates an overview of Brazilian political federalism and its stages, from its beginning to current days: from the beginning of Brazilian federalism to Estado Novo, the short period of time that goes from Estado Novo up to the beginning of the military dictatorship, between 1945 and 1964, from the decay of the authoritarian regimen up to the 1988 Constitution, and the federalism, from the 1988 Constitution on. Parallel to the development of federalisms political focus, the analyses of fiscal federalism is made, from the 1891 Constitution up to the tributary reform in 1966, from that reform up to the 1988 Constitution, and form that time up to current days, going through income decentralization and the approach to the role of ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços Products and Services Circulation Tax) in fiscal war. It elaborates an overview of the historical and political picture in which fiscal war is inserted in our present world that, under the protection of globalization and Neoliberalism, proposes the progressive decrease of the States interference in economy weighing importance to the presence of IEDs (Investimentos Externos Diretos Direct Foreign Investment) around the world and specially its behavior in the national territory; and, finally, to understand more fully the importance of the territorial elements to the existence and reproduction of fiscal war. That integrated study, that takes into account the political, economic, historical and geographical aspects, is essential to determine the importance of territorial incentives for the investment disputes by the federal units, taking into account the overestimated importance that the current literature, that deals with federalism and fiscal war, gives to fiscal incentives, the genesis and reproduction of disputes for industrial plants by federal units.

This thesis focuses on the theoretical conception of the Balance of Payment, its method of adjustment and stress the development of the Czech republic's Balance of Payment in period 2000 -- 2010 via analytical-descriptive approach. It defines its basic terms practical relations within framework of the horizontal and vertical outlook. Thesis's Attention is spread out between status and flow quantity. Thesis is also consist of three boxes that contain a short profile of intertemporal approach to the Common Account, sustainability of investment position and excursion to the essential theories of foreign currency exchange rate that is related to the Balance of payment tight. The end is dedicated to the "traditional" indicators of external equilibrium of the Czech republic in pre-monetary crisis era and in the present.