[pt] A dissertação teve o intuito de examinar e divulgar criticamente as condições socioambientais da produção de carvão vegetal ocorrida no Maciço da Pedra Branca do século XVIII até meados do século XX. A dependência da biomassa florestal, representada pela lenha e carvão, modificou de forma intensa as relações existentes entre sociedade e natureza. Além de alterar a estrutura e composição da Mata Atlântica, a produção carvoeira foi influenciada e influenciou o quadro segregador da sociedade. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi tornar visível um trabalho invisibilizado por vieses históricos que interferiram em aspectos relacionados à sua sustentabilidade. Para isso, foram realizados levantamento de material bibliográfico, atividades de campo à procura de carvoarias localizadas na floresta e reuniões com representantes do Sertão Carioca – projeto financiador dos três produtos de divulgação científica desta dissertação. As referências bibliográficas revelaram que os carvoeiros passaram por um processo de marginalização e apagamento, mesmo tendo um impacto significativo na regeneração florestal. A pesquisa serviu de base para o desenvolvimento de um capítulo de livro, de um folder e de duas placas interpretativas – uma delas encontra-se exposta na entrada principal do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca. Espera-se que os produtos contribuam para a difusão da importância desse grupo social e colaborem para dar maior visibilidade às comunidades quilombolas de seus descendentes. Resgatar e valorizar essa parte da história sociocultural do Maciço da Pedra Branca pode contribuir na luta por garantia à terra e à reprodução do modo de vida dessas populações, direitos historicamente conquistados, mas frequentemente ameaçados. / [en] The dissertation aimed to critically examine and disseminate the socio-environmental conditions of charcoal production that occurred in the Pedra Branca Massif from the 18th to the mid-20th century. The dependence on forest biomass, represented by wood and charcoal, profoundly altered the relationships between society and nature. In addition to changing the structure and composition of the Atlantic Forest, charcoal production was both influenced by and influenced the segregating framework of society. Thus, the research aimed to make visible a labor that had been rendered invisible due to historical biases that affected aspects related to its sustainability. The study involved compiling bibliographic materials, fieldwork to locate charcoal kilns in the forest, and meetings with representatives of the Sertão Carioca project, which funded three scientific dissemination products. Bibliographic references revealed that charcoal producers underwent a process of marginalization and erasure, despite their substantial contribution to forest regeneration. The research formed the basis for a book chapter, a brochure, and two interpretative signs – one of which is displayed at the main entrance of the Pedra Branca State Park. It is expected that these products will contribute to raising awareness of the importance of this social group and collaborate in providing greater visibility to the Quilombola communities of their descendants. Reviving and valuing this aspect of the socio-cultural history of the Pedra Branca Massif can contribute to the struggle to secure land rights and the preservation of the way of life of these populations, rights that have been historically achieved but are often threatened.

Background: Despite implementation efforts, most anxious youth do not receive evidence-based treatment. Dissemination initiatives can increase consumer knowledge of evidence-based treatments. Opinion leaders (OLs) have been used in public health campaigns, but this strategy has not been examined for the dissemination of mental health treatments. This study uses the theory of planned behavior to test the dissemination strategies of (1) involving an OL and (2) using an educational presentation to increase caregiver demand for CBT for youth anxiety. Methods: Participants (N=262; 92% Female; 69% White, 82% non-Hispanic) were caregivers who registered for a virtual presentation on youth anxiety and how to seek treatment. Caregivers were cluster-randomized by school (N=25) to the OL condition (presented by a clinical researcher and local caregiver OL) or the researcher-only condition (presented by two clinical researchers). Presentations occurred from May 2021-May 2022. Measures were completed pre- and post-presentation, and at three-month follow-up. Results: One hundred and nine participants attended the presentations. Relative to the researcher co-presenter, participants rated the OL as significantly more relatable, familiar, similar, and understanding of their community, but significantly less credible. Across conditions, there was a significant increase in participants’ (a) knowledge of, (b) subjective norms related to, and (c) intention to seek CBT for youth anxiety, but no change in stigma or attitudes about CBT. Presentation conditions did not differ in change on these measures, or on rates of seeking youth anxiety CBT at three-month follow-up. Conclusion: Although involvement of a caregiver OL did not increase caregiver demand for EBT for youth anxiety, the overall outreach presentation was an effective dissemination strategy. Involving OLs may not be necessary for all consumer audiences, but may be beneficial for individuals with higher levels of stigma or scientific skepticism than participants in this study. / Psychology

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / A large selection of hardware and software components are readily available for supporting Internet communication in the ground network environment. These components can be used to construct very powerful and flexible communication systems. The Operating Missions as Nodes on the Internet (OMNI) project at NASA/GSFC has been defining and demonstrating ways to use standard Internet technologies for future space communication. Theses concepts and technologies are also applicable to test range telemetry applications. This paper identifies the network equipment and protocols to support end-to-end IP communication from range sensors and spacecraft instruments to end users. After identifying the end-to-end network hardware and software components, the paper discusses which ones are currently available and lists specific examples of each. This includes examples of space missions currently using Internet technology for end-to-end communication. It also lists missing pieces and includes information on their current status. The goal of this paper is also to stimulate thought and discussion on what steps need to be taken to start filling in the remaining missing pieces for end-to-end range and space network connectivity.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / This paper presents work being done at NASA/GSFC by the Operating Missions as Nodes on the Internet (OMNI) project to demonstrate the application of Internet communication technologies to space communication. The goal is to provide global addressability and standard network protocols and applications for future space missions. It describes the communication architecture and operations concepts that will be deployed and tested on a Space Shuttle flight in July 2002. This is a NASA Hitchhiker mission called Communication and Navigation Demonstration On Shuttle (CANDOS). The mission will be using a small programmable transceiver mounted in the Shuttle bay that can communicate through NASA’s ground tracking stations as well as NASA’s space relay satellite system. The transceiver includes a processor running the Linux operating system and a standard synchronous serial interface that supports the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) framing protocol. One of the main goals will be to test the operation of the Mobile IP protocol (RFC 2002) for automatic routing of data as the Shuttle passes from one contact to another. Other protocols to be utilized onboard CANDOS include secure login (SSH), UDP-based reliable file transfer (MDP), and blind commanding using UDP. The paper describes how each of these standard protocols available in the Linux operating system can be used to support communication with a space vehicle. It will discuss how each protocol is suited to support the range of special communication needs of space missions.

Miljöproblem kan ses som ett växande problem. Studien visar hur stor kunskapen är hos gemene man angående särskilda miljöproblem och dess risker. I denna studie tas problemet upp angående miljö- och hälsofarliga metaller som ansamlas i slammet hos svenska reningsverk. Metallerna kan ge allvarliga hälsoeffekter på människan och förekommer i en rad kända vardagliga produkter. Studien grundar sig i en enkätstudie med 200 deltagande respondenter och syftet är att mäta deras kunskapsläge. Respondenterna är indelade i en yngre och en äldre åldersgrupp. Skillnader och likheter har analyserats mellan de yngre och de äldre. Studien tar upp miljö- och hälsokonsekvenser för respektive metall samt dess förekomst i olika varor och produkter. Det allmänna kunskapsläget om miljöproblem och dess risker tas upp, samt om metaller kan renas i svenska reningsverk eller inte. En annan del av studien behandlar gemene mans tillförlitlighet till olika aktörer som har förmågan att sprida information om miljöproblem och dess risker. Respondenterna får även svara på vilka vägar av informationsspridning de själva föredrar.Enkätundersökningen är indelad i en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ del. Den kvantitativa delen har kommit fram till att den äldre åldersgruppen visar sig ha högre kunskapsnivå än den yngre åldersgruppen vad gäller de fyra olika metallerna rent allmänt. De har även större kunskap vad gäller metallernas hälsoeffekter och förekomst i varor och produkter. Den yngre åldersgruppen har dock bättre kunskap om miljöproblem och dess risker i allmänhet samt om metaller kan renas i reningsverk eller inte. I den kvalitativa delen undersöker vilka spridningsmetoder respondenterna föredrar samt vilka aktörer de känner störst tillförlitlighet till. Respondenterna föredrar att kunskap bör förmedlas genom bland annat skolväsendet och media. Tillförlitliga aktörer anses inom informationsspridning vara myndigheter, forskare och organisationer. / Environmental problems can be seen as a growing problem. The studie will show how big the knowledge of ordinary people in specific environmental problems and risks are. In this study the issues concerning environmental and health hazardous metals that accumulate in the sludge at the Swedish treatment plants are analysed. The metals may have serious health effects on humans and appear in a series known everyday products. The study is based on a survey with 200 participating respondents and the purpose is to measure their knowledge. The respondents are divided into a younger and an older age group. Similarities and differences have been analysed between the younger and the older ones. The study addresses the environmental and health impacts of each metal, and its incidence in different goods and products. The general state of knowledge about the environmental problems and risks will be addressed, as well as if metals can be purified in Swedish sewage or not. Another part of the study deals with the common man's reliability to the different actors who have the ability to disseminate information about environmental problems and risks. The respondents have also answer what routes of dissemination of information they prefer.The survey is divided into a quantitative and a qualitative part. The quantitative part has come to the conclusion that the older age group have a higher level of knowledge than the younger age group in terms of the four metals in general. They also have greater knowledge regarding the metals health effects and occurrence of goods and products. The younger age group has a better understanding of environmental problems and risks in general and about if metals can be purified in wastewater treatment or not. In the qualitative part the study examines the methods of dissemination respondents prefer and which actor they feel the greatest reliability to. Respondents prefer that knowledge should be conveyed by including the school system and the media. Reliable traders considered in the dissemination of information to be authorities, researchers and organizations.

This work presents results of the research project "Technology Transfer for Commercial Aquaculture Development in Veracruz, Mexico", conducted during 2001-2006 and whose overall aim was to achieve a better understanding of the different processes involved in technology transfer and extension in Veracruz, and their role in tilapia culture development in terms of characteristics, intensity and direction. Data and information were collected by personal interviews and through participant-observation techniques. The most relevant regional initiatives that have promoted tilapia farming were analyzed, as well as the current key actors of aquaculture development and their roles. 142 tilapia farmers were also typified and closely monitored. Dissemination and adoption of technical information regarding tilapia culture were evaluated through the development and use of a Technology Level Index (TLI). Findings revealed that the tilapia sector in Veracruz is diverse and immersed in a rather complex arena, where policy and finance issues, and the role of demand, linked in with market chains and their functioning are major determinants of further expansion. Farm producers were sharply differentiated by production size, degree of commercialisation, experience in production, and access to assets. Most entrants were the result of social development interventions with significant level of subsidy, which often resulted in low levels of productivity and high abandonment rates. However, for the most vulnerable groups, tilapia culture apparently provided a way to diversify their livelihood portfolio. Availability of local knowledge and expertise appeared to enhance and stimulate the dissemination and adoption of tilapia farming technology, and hence human capital. Private sector and collective action are likely to play an increasing and decisive role in the direction of the industry, while people-oriented and participative approaches are likely to be the best way to deliver technical information to small-scale farmers, and maintain good equity of access and opportunity. Methodologically, TLIs proved to be useful in the quantification and evaluation of technological change. Moreover, the Sustainable Livelihoods framework provided an adequate platform for understanding the needs of specific groups, particularly in terms of vulnerability and policies, institutions and processes.