Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006. / Thesis Advisor(s): Cynthia E. Irvine, Timothy E. Levin. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-45). Also available online.

<p>The aim of this study was to, with a social constructivistic approach, examine how parents,regarded as neglecting their children, are depicted in 12 LVU-legal cases from the Supreme Administrative Court in Sweden. By using a document analysis influenced by discourse analytical tools, we found that there are repeated descriptions of the parents, which constructs an image of parents as shortcoming in the care of their children. The categories lack of emotions, mental disorder, substance abuse and physical maltreatment were the main reasons for child neglect that the parents were described from. Attitudes towards authority, aggression and immaturity, lack of insight, and deficiencies in the home were repeated in the description of the parent. We further found that mothers were regarded as more responsible of the children compared to fathers. According to Goffman, describing certain groups of individuals with discredited words has a stigmatizing effect. It helps to reinforce what is considered normal or abnormal. Furthermore, we have found that the language of the LVU-legal cases, possess a power in the construction of parents who neglect their children, which was analyzed on the basis of Foucault's theory of power.</p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waikato, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-170)

Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / Rajshekhar Sunderraman, committee chair; Sushil Prasad, Alex Zelikovsky, committee members. Electronic text (58 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58).

Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschrift--Katholisch-Theologische Fakultät--Würzburg--Julius-Maximilians-Universität, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 432-470. Index.

Thesis (D. Ed.)--Ball State University, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 09, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-118).

Τα τελευταία χρόνια, υπάρχει ένα αυξανόμενο ενδιαφέρον για την αυτόματη εξόρυξη κειμένων (Text Mining) με βιοϊατρικό περιεχόμενο, λόγω της ραγδαίας αύξησης των δημοσιεύσεων που είναι αποθηκευμένες σε ηλεκτρονική μορφή σε Βάσεις Δεδομένων του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού, όπως το PubMed και το Springerlink. Το βασικό πρόβλημα που κάνει αυτό τον στόχο περισσότερο προκλητικό και δύσκολο είναι η αδυναμία της επεξεργασίας της διαθέσιμης αυτής πληροφορίας και της εξαγωγής χρήσιμων συνδέσεων και συμπερασμάτων. Κρίνεται, επομένως, επιτακτική η ανάπτυξη νέων εργαλείων που θα διευκολύνουν την εξόρυξη γνώσης από κείμενα βιολογικού περιεχομένου. Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι αρχικά η παρουσίαση γνωστών μεθόδων εξόρυξης δεδομένων από κείμενα αλλά και η ανάπτυξη ενός εργαλείου για την αποδοτική και αξιόπιστη ανακάλυψη γνώσεων από βιοϊατρική βιβλιογραφία που να βασίζεται σε προηγμένες τεχνικές εξόρυξης γνώσης από κείμενα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η προσπάθειά μας επικεντρώνεται στην ανάπτυξη ενός αποδοτικού αλγόριθμου συσταδοποίησης και τη χρήση αποδοτικών τεχνικών που αξιολογούν τα αποτελέσματα της συσταδοποίησης, έτσι ώστε να παρέχεται βοήθεια στον χρήστη στην προσπάθεια αναζήτησης του για πληροφορία βιολογικού περιεχομένου. Ο προτεινόμενος αλγόριθμος βασίζεται σε διαφορετικές τεχνικές συσταδοποίησης, όπως ο Ιεραρχικός Αλγόριθμος και ο Spherical K-means Αλγόριθμος και εφαρμόζει μια τελική ταξινόμηση με βάση το Impact Factor των κειμένων που ανακτήθηκαν. Τα βασικά βήματα που περιλαμβάνει ο αλγόριθμος είναι: η προεπεξεργασία των κειμένων, η αναπαράσταση των κειμένων σε διανυσματική μορφή με χρήση του Διανυσματικού Μοντέλου (Vector Space Model), η εφαρμογή της Λανθάνουσας Σημασιολογικής Δεικτοδότησης (Latent Semantic Indexing), η Ασαφής Συσταδοποίηση (Fuzzy Clustering), ο Ιεραρχικός Αλγόριθμος (Hierarchical Algorithm), o Spherical K-means Αλγόριθμος, η επιλογή της καλύτερης συστάδας και τέλος η ταξινόμηση με βάση το Impact Factor των κειμένων που ανακτήθηκαν. Η εφαρμογή που υλοποιούμε βασίζεται στον παραπάνω αλγόριθμο και προσφέρει δύο τρόπους αναζήτησης: 1) σε τρέχοντα ερωτήματα του χρήστη, τα οποία αποθηκεύονται στη βάση δεδομένων και επομένως λειτουργεί ως μέσο συμπιεσμένης αποθήκευσης των προηγούμενων ερωτημάτων του χρήστη, 2) αναζήτηση μέσα από μία λίστα προκαθορισμένων Topic βιολογικού περιεχομένου και επομένως παρέχει στο χρήστη μια επιπλέον βοήθεια σε ένα ευρύ φάσμα ερωτημάτων. Επιπλέον, η εφαρμογή εξάγει χρήσιμες συσχετίσεις όρων χρησιμοποιώντας τις τελικές συστάδες. / There is an increasing interest in automatic text mining in biomedical texts due to the increasing number of electronically available publications stored in databases such as PubMed and SpringerLink. The main problem that makes this goal more challenging and difficult is the inability of processing the available information and extracting useful connections and assumptions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new text-mining tools to facilitate the process of text mining from biomedical documents. The goal of the present diploma thesis is to present known methods of text mining, and to develop an application that provides reliable knowledge from biomedical literature based on efficient text mining techniques. In particular, our attempt is mainly focused on developing an efficient clustering algorithm and using techniques for evaluating the results of clustering, in order to assist the users in their biological information seeking activities. The proposed algorithm involves different clustering techniques, such as Hierarchical Algorithm, Spherical K-means Algorithm and employs a final ranking according to Impact Factor of retrieved documents. The basic steps of our algorithm are: preprocessing of text’s content, representation with the vector space model, applying Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), fuzzy clustering, hierarchical clustering, spherical k-means clustering, selection of the best cluster and ranking of biomedical documents according to their impact factor. The application that we implement is based on the above algorithm and provides two search methods: 1) search with user’s queries, which are saved in the database and thus playing the role of a compacted storage of his past search activities, 2) search through a list of pre-specified biological Topics, and thus providing the user with an extra assistance in his various queries. Moreover the whole scheme can mine useful associations between terms by exploiting the nature of the formed clusters.

A veiled space - Ideological Images of Society in Swedish Compulsory School Civics Lars Sandin  This study deals with the ideological dimension of education in the Swedish compulsory school [grundskolan]. By focusing on the images of the social world which are configured in the content of education, the study pays attention to the reproduction of an ideological dimension which is latent in our social imaginary. The theoretical problem was formulated as a question about if, and in what form, critical knowledge content is offered as part of the reproduction of the social imaginary that takes place in education. The empirical aim was to interpret the images of society configured in policy documents and teaching practice in compulsory school civics [samhällskunskap] with regard to how the differentiation of social space appears in these images. A hermeneutic approach was used. In the first of the two parts of the study, a number of policy documents – curricula and syllabi – were interpreted. In these documents, the differentiation of social space was found to be made visible selectively. The gender dimension and the dimension termed “cultural diversity” were highlighted, while the link between social differences and the uneven distribution of resources could only be glimpsed sporadically. A clear pattern of individuality could also be interpreted. The second of the two parts of the study was designed as a multiple case study. In this, the teaching of two teaching contents in civics, politics and economics, were studied as two separate cases. Three different images of society could be interpreted: a rationalist, a functionalist and a socio-political image. Of these, only the socio-political image offered a transparent view into the differentiated social space. However, the socio-political image was given a weak and unclear legitimacy in the teaching. The dominance of the rationalist and functionalist images were related to traditions that embed the teaching of civics. In the discussion the results from the two parts of the study were taken together and related to the problem. Among other things, the results were interpreted as an example of a conflict between contemporary reproduction and historical reproduction in education.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Grounded on a research based theoretical, historical and critical, the present speech focuses on a study about technical, aesthetic and conceptual possibilities of the live performances image-document. While technical images based on photographic and videographic apparatus, the documents are understood like possible alternatives to knowledge of the performance art, yet have being fragmentarily portrayed and essentially changed by media. As a study object, the images of the production of the porto-alegrense artist Claudia Paim are analyzed. / Fundamentada em uma pesquisa de base teórica, histórica e crítica , a presente dissertação contempla um estudo sobre as possibilidades técnicas, estéticas e conceituais da imagem-registro de performances presenciais. Enquanto imagens técnicas baseadas em dispositivos fotográficos e videográficos, os registros são entendidos como alternativas plausíveis para o conhecimento da arte da performance, ainda que seja fragmentariamente retratada e fundamentalmente alterada pela mudança do meio. Como objeto de estudo, são analisadas as imagens geradas na produção das performances da artista porto-alegrense Claudia Paim. Palavras-

Att manuellt hantera och klassificera stora mängder textdokument tar mycket tid och kräver mycket personal, att göra detta med hjälp av maskininlärning är för ändamålet ett alternativ. Det här arbetet önskar ge läsaren en grundläggande inblick i hur automatisk klassificering av texter fungerar, samt ge en lätt samanställning av några av de vanligt förekommande algoritmerna för ändamålet. De exempel som visas använder sig av artiklar på engelska om teknik- och finansnyheter, men arbetet har avstamp i frågan om mognadsgrad av tekniken för hantering av svenska officiella dokument. Första delen är den vetenskapliga bakgrund som den andra delen vilar på, här beskrivs flera algoritmer och tekniker som sedan används i praktiska exempel. Rapporten ämnar inte beskriva en färdig produkt, utan fungerar så som ”proof of concept” för textklassificeringens användning. Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultaten från de tester som gjorts, och en av slutsatserna är att när det finns tillräckligt med data kan en enkel klassificerare prestera nästan likvärdigt med en tekniskt sett mer utvecklad och komplex klassificerare. Relateras prestandan hos klassificeraren till tidsåtgången visar detta på att komplexa klassificerare kräver hårdvara med hög beräkningskapacitet och mycket minne för att vara gångbara. / To manually handle and classify large quantities of text documents, takes a lot of time and demands a large staff, to use machine learning for this purpose is an alternative. This thesis aims to give the reader a fundamental insight in how automatic classification of texts work and give a quick overview of the most common algorithms used for this purpose. The examples that are shown uses news articles in English about tech and finance, but the thesis takes a start in the question about how mature the technique is for handling official Swedish documents. The first part is the scientific background on which the second part rests, here several algorithms and techniques are described which is used in practice later. The report does not aim to describe a product in any form but acts as a “proof of concept” for the use of text classification. Finally, the results from the tests are discussed, and one of the conclusions drawn is that when data is abundant a relatively simple classifier can perform close to equal to a technically more developed and complex classifier. If the performance of the classifier is related to the time taken this indicates that complex classifiers need hardware with high computational power and a fair bit of memory for the classifier to be viable.