O presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a vivência de luto em adultos pela perda de suas mães na infância e como pode ser ressignificada em outras fases da vida. A morte de um ente querido leva a processos de luto dolorosos e, no caso de crianças que perdem uma figura parental, este sofrimento pode se agravar pelo fato de serem ainda dependentes física e emocionalmente de seus pais. Assim, buscou-se compreender, a partir do relato de adultos, a experiência vivida na infância e a possibilidade de ressignificações na história de vida de cada indivíduo. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com inspiração em aspectos da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, teoria desenvolvida por Carl Rogers. Foram realizadas entrevistas abertas, que partiram da pergunta: como foi ter vivido a perda de sua mãe? e foram acompanhadas de acordo com o que os colaboradores consideravam relevante. Participaram deste estudo seis adultos, 3 homens e 3 mulheres, com idades entre 32 e 61 anos, que perderam a mãe por morte quando tinham entre 5 e 12 anos de idade. Os colaboradores foram localizados pela divulgação do trabalho entre pessoas conhecidas e escolheram participar voluntariamente. Na análise compreensiva das narrativas foram destacados os trechos mais representativos e apresentados por categorias temáticas, as quais foram surgindo e se estruturando a partir dos relatos, não tendo sido estabelecidas a priori. A análise mostrou que: 1) É preciso compreender a vivência de perda da mãe no início da vida como processo dinâmico, havendo inúmeras variáveis envolvidas em cada história individual, não se podendo determinar ou prever como a criança que perdeu a mãe será quando adulta; 2) Mostrou-se importante lidar com a experiência da perda e com a dor para poder ressignificá-las, enxergando-as de maneiras diferentes, e assim integrá-las à vida, diminuindo o medo de sentimentos negativos do passado retornarem; 3) Foi possível perceber que o comportamento de permanecer vinculado à mãe ajudou os participantes a lidar com a ausência desta e a redefinir este relacionamento, integrandoo em suas vidas, não da mesma forma como era quando estava viva, mas ainda como figura importante e significativa em suas histórias. Tendo como base estes três aspectos observados, foram apresentadas orientações a profissionais de saúde, familiares e pessoas que estão próximos a crianças e adultos que perderam suas mães em idade precoce. Este trabalho pode contribuir com reflexões no sentido de minimizar o estigma social em relação a crianças e adultos que perderam suas mães de maneira prematura. E, ainda, incentivar esforços para auxiliar pessoas enlutadas em direção a maior comunicação e expressão de sentimentos relacionados à perda por morte, acreditando que um acolhimento adequado pode ajudar a lidar com essa dor e crescer por meio dela. / The present work aims at comprehending the mourning in adults who have lost their mothers during childhood and how this experience can be resignified in other life stages. The loved persons death leads to a painful mourning and, in the case of children who have lost a parent, this suffering might get worse because they are still physically and emotionally dependent on their parents. Thus, it was intended to comprehend, from adult narrative, the loss experience in the childhood and the possibility of resignification in each individual life. We used the qualitative approach with inspiration in some aspects of the Approach Centered in the Person, theory developed by Carl Rogers. The interviews had a non-directive approach and were started with the question: how did you experience your mother loss? and were conducted taking in account what the participants considered as relevant issues. Six adults participated, three men and three women, ranging from 32 to 61 years of age, whose mothers died when they were between 5 and 12 years old. The collaborators were people who had knowledge about the study through divulgation and voluntarily wished to cooperate with the research. In the narrative comprehensive analysis, outstanding issues were categorized considering thematic points, which have stood out from the speeches since they were not previously established. The analysis showed that: 1) Mother loss in the beginning of life must be understood as a dynamic process, considering that there are many factors involved in each individual life. Therefore it is not possible to determine or foresee how the child who has lost his mother will be as an adult; 2) It was shown that it is important to face the loss and grief, in order to resignify and to perceive them by different forms, and consequently be able to integrate them to the life, reducing the fear of past negative feelings; 3) It was realized that the behavior of been kept attached to their mothers aids the participants to deal with such absence and to redefine this relationship, integrating it in their life. Although it is not just same way when their mothers were alive, it keeps meaningful and important figure in their own histories. Based on these three considerations, orientations were presented to health professionals, relatives and people who are near of bereaved children and adults who suffered from mothers loss at an early ages. This study can contribute with the reflection on a way to soften the social stigma of children and adults who have lost their mother prematurely. Moreover, it can encourage the assistance to bereaved people toward a larger communication and expression of the loss feelings, considering that an adequate care can help to deal with grief and can help to grow through this situation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between elementary school students¡¦ emotional experiences and their perception of teachers¡¦ power styles in classroom . In this study, 707 sixth-grade students in the great metropolitan Kaohsiung area were surveyed. The instruments employed in this study included Emotional Experiences Inventory for the Primary Students, and Teacher Power Styles Inventory. The statistical methods used for the data analysis were Descriptive Statistics, Analysis of Variance, Canonical Correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The main findings of this study were following¡G 1.The power style most frequently employed by teachers was the normative power style. On the other hand, the coercive power style was seldom employed by teachers nor was the remunerative power style. Many students had emotional experience of joy. A few students had emotional experiences of sadness and fear. 2.More girls had joy emotional experience than boys did. There were no significant differences between girls and boys for sadness and fear emotional experiences. 3.For each emotional experience, there were no significant differences among various birth orders, among family structures, or among socioeconomic states. 4.More male teachers employed the coercive power style than female teachers did. While more female teachers employed the remunerative power style and normative power style than male teachers did. 5.There were significant differences in the employment of remunerative power style among different years of teaching experience. However, there were no significant differences among the years of teaching experience for the employment of coercive power style, nor for normative power style. 6.There were no significant differences in the employment of power styles among different levels of teacher education. 7.There was a statistically significant interaction between students¡¦ birth order and sex for emotional experience of joy. 8.There was no significant interaction between students¡¦ sex and family structure for emotional experience. Also there was no significant interaction between students¡¦ sex and socioeconomic states. 9.There was a significant interaction between teachers¡¦ sex and the years of teaching experience for the employment of coercive power style. There was no significant interaction between teachers¡¦ sex and the years of teaching experience for the employment of remunerative power style, or for the normative power style. 10.There was a significant interaction between teachers¡¦ sex and education for the employment of coercive power style, and for the employment of remunerative power style. However, there was no significant interaction between teachers¡¦ sex and education for the employment of normative power style. 11.There was a significant correlation between teachers¡¦ employment of normative power style and students¡¦ emotional experience of joy. 12.Teachers¡¦ employment of normative power style had a great influence on students¡¦ emotional experience of sadness. 13.Teachers¡¦ employment of normative power style had a great influence on students¡¦ emotional experience of joy. 14.Teachers¡¦ employment of coercive power style had a great influence on students¡¦ emotional experience of fear. Finally, the researcher made several suggestions to the educational organizations, the primary school teachers, and the future studies.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a vivência de luto em adultos pela perda de suas mães na infância e como pode ser ressignificada em outras fases da vida. A morte de um ente querido leva a processos de luto dolorosos e, no caso de crianças que perdem uma figura parental, este sofrimento pode se agravar pelo fato de serem ainda dependentes física e emocionalmente de seus pais. Assim, buscou-se compreender, a partir do relato de adultos, a experiência vivida na infância e a possibilidade de ressignificações na história de vida de cada indivíduo. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com inspiração em aspectos da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, teoria desenvolvida por Carl Rogers. Foram realizadas entrevistas abertas, que partiram da pergunta: como foi ter vivido a perda de sua mãe? e foram acompanhadas de acordo com o que os colaboradores consideravam relevante. Participaram deste estudo seis adultos, 3 homens e 3 mulheres, com idades entre 32 e 61 anos, que perderam a mãe por morte quando tinham entre 5 e 12 anos de idade. Os colaboradores foram localizados pela divulgação do trabalho entre pessoas conhecidas e escolheram participar voluntariamente. Na análise compreensiva das narrativas foram destacados os trechos mais representativos e apresentados por categorias temáticas, as quais foram surgindo e se estruturando a partir dos relatos, não tendo sido estabelecidas a priori. A análise mostrou que: 1) É preciso compreender a vivência de perda da mãe no início da vida como processo dinâmico, havendo inúmeras variáveis envolvidas em cada história individual, não se podendo determinar ou prever como a criança que perdeu a mãe será quando adulta; 2) Mostrou-se importante lidar com a experiência da perda e com a dor para poder ressignificá-las, enxergando-as de maneiras diferentes, e assim integrá-las à vida, diminuindo o medo de sentimentos negativos do passado retornarem; 3) Foi possível perceber que o comportamento de permanecer vinculado à mãe ajudou os participantes a lidar com a ausência desta e a redefinir este relacionamento, integrandoo em suas vidas, não da mesma forma como era quando estava viva, mas ainda como figura importante e significativa em suas histórias. Tendo como base estes três aspectos observados, foram apresentadas orientações a profissionais de saúde, familiares e pessoas que estão próximos a crianças e adultos que perderam suas mães em idade precoce. Este trabalho pode contribuir com reflexões no sentido de minimizar o estigma social em relação a crianças e adultos que perderam suas mães de maneira prematura. E, ainda, incentivar esforços para auxiliar pessoas enlutadas em direção a maior comunicação e expressão de sentimentos relacionados à perda por morte, acreditando que um acolhimento adequado pode ajudar a lidar com essa dor e crescer por meio dela. / The present work aims at comprehending the mourning in adults who have lost their mothers during childhood and how this experience can be resignified in other life stages. The loved persons death leads to a painful mourning and, in the case of children who have lost a parent, this suffering might get worse because they are still physically and emotionally dependent on their parents. Thus, it was intended to comprehend, from adult narrative, the loss experience in the childhood and the possibility of resignification in each individual life. We used the qualitative approach with inspiration in some aspects of the Approach Centered in the Person, theory developed by Carl Rogers. The interviews had a non-directive approach and were started with the question: how did you experience your mother loss? and were conducted taking in account what the participants considered as relevant issues. Six adults participated, three men and three women, ranging from 32 to 61 years of age, whose mothers died when they were between 5 and 12 years old. The collaborators were people who had knowledge about the study through divulgation and voluntarily wished to cooperate with the research. In the narrative comprehensive analysis, outstanding issues were categorized considering thematic points, which have stood out from the speeches since they were not previously established. The analysis showed that: 1) Mother loss in the beginning of life must be understood as a dynamic process, considering that there are many factors involved in each individual life. Therefore it is not possible to determine or foresee how the child who has lost his mother will be as an adult; 2) It was shown that it is important to face the loss and grief, in order to resignify and to perceive them by different forms, and consequently be able to integrate them to the life, reducing the fear of past negative feelings; 3) It was realized that the behavior of been kept attached to their mothers aids the participants to deal with such absence and to redefine this relationship, integrating it in their life. Although it is not just same way when their mothers were alive, it keeps meaningful and important figure in their own histories. Based on these three considerations, orientations were presented to health professionals, relatives and people who are near of bereaved children and adults who suffered from mothers loss at an early ages. This study can contribute with the reflection on a way to soften the social stigma of children and adults who have lost their mother prematurely. Moreover, it can encourage the assistance to bereaved people toward a larger communication and expression of the loss feelings, considering that an adequate care can help to deal with grief and can help to grow through this situation.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / This qualitative, exploratory study comprises a discourse analysis of the emotional experiences of the parent of a transgendered child. The primary aim of the study was to detail the emotional experiences encountered by the parents of a transgendered child within the South African context, with a focus on how discourse is used to make sense of experiences. The research employed a single case-study, and data was collected via three semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed within a social constructionist framework, using discourse analysis (as per ten stages suggested by Potter and Wetherell, 1987). The literature review highlights various issues regarding the plight of transgendered children and their loved ones in trans-phobic societies, most of which are reflected in the findings. The pertinent themes were divided into four sections: “Discourse of Shaping”, “Discourse of Incongruous Loss”, “Discourse of Motherhood” and “The Transformer and Transformation”. In “Discourse of ‘Shaping’”, the focus is on the parent’s ‘compelled’ reconceptualization of issues and previously accepted ‘truths’ that lie at the core of identity, namely, gender and religion. “Discourse of Incongruous Loss” shows the trauma, challenges, complexity and many ambiguities in mourning someone who is simultaneously absent and present, the same yet different. It also explores additional aspects of the loss that distinguishes it from conventional loss, such as stigmatism and discrimination, lack of support, and ensuing losses. Data reveal that the discourse of motherhood, whilst placing immense pressure on the parent, also has an empowering effect. Although the discourse of motherhood gives rise to feelings of intense self-blame and hate regarding the trans-identity of the child, and ‘dictates’ unwavering compassion, selflessness, acceptance and nurturance, it also enables a basis for resisting oppression. The final section documents how a personal, painful, private experience is linked to broader social systems. It shows how an initially harrowing experience can become empowering, as the participant not only embraces previously unaccepted ‘truths’, but is also an advocate of transgenderism and contributes to social change. It is important to note though, that although ‘victorious’, the experience is a complex one and meaning-making is on-going. Throughout, the interplay of dominant discourses and alternate discourses and their role in the personal meaning-making experience of the participant, is documented. Various creative strategies are employed in order to enable acceptance of the trans-identity and the continuous meaning-making, such as, for example, vacillating between seemingly contradictory discourses. Based on the findings that emphasises the trauma caused by a dual-definition if gender, it is suggested that a more inclusive definition of gender be adopted, such as defining gender as a spectrum or on a continuum. A redefinition of gender should also include de-pathologising gender variance, but before it is removed as diagnosis from the DSM, resources and assistance enabled by its diagnosis should be readily available so as not to create further obstacles for an already marginalised group. Awareness is vital if stigmatising and discrimination are to be reduced. It is important that awareness be generated and resources be made available, with a special focus to include disadvantaged communities. There is an urgent need for literature within a South African context so that interventions can be designed to assist parents (and loved ones) of transgendered children. This is particularly important since support from parents have consistently been found to reduce both depression and suicide rates of transgendered children. Within a diverse South African context, it is also essential to determine how gender discrimination intersects with various other forms of discrimination pertaining aspects of identity such as religion, spirituality, ethnicity, race and culture. There is a need for the South African government to address the lack with regards to implementation of gender policy with some urgency.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is an enduring personality disorder marked by severe self-damaging behaviors such as self-harm, substance use, and disordered eating behaviors. This study examined the emotional antecedents and consequences of self-damaging behavior (self-harm, binge drinking, substance use, and disordered eating behavior) among individualls who report features of BPD to assess the function of these behaviors. Additionally, this study examined whether self-reported difficulties in emotion regulation mediated the relationship between features of BPD and the presence of self-damaging behavior. Results from this study found support for the use of self-harm, drugs use, and disordered eating behavior to regulate emotional experiences and all forms of self-damaging behavior were found to significantly increase the presence of pleasant emotional experiences. The function of self-damaging behavior remains stable, regardless of whether the behavior occurs in isolation or co-occurs with other self-damaging behaviors. In addition, higher rates of polysubstance use were found for individuals with features of BPD compared to those without. Higher rates of difficulties in emotion regulation were found to be associated with features of BPD and the presence of self-damaging behavior was found to partially mediate the relationship between the two constructs. Findings from this study have substantial implications for the conceptualization and treatment of self-damaging behavior in individuals with BPD. / Psychology

Det finns ett stort och konstant behov av sjuksköterskor inom internationellt biståndsarbete. Vad en sjuksköterska gör vid uppdrag skiljer sig från det svenska omvårdnadsarbetet. Arbetet innebär mycket glädje av att göra gott men samtidigt många tragiska upplevelser. Den här studien var empiriskt förankrad med syfte att beskriva sjuksköterskors emotionella upplevelser vid internationellt biståndsarbete för Läkare Utan Gränser. Det empiriska materialet bestod av bloggar, reseberättelser och intervjuer som analyserades och presenterades under kategorierna före, under och efter uppdrag. Under den första kategorin visade det sig att sjuksköterskorna förberedde sig på ett hårt och krävande uppdrag, samtidigt var det svårt att föreställa sig vad som skulle mötas. Under uppdraget upplevdes positiva och negativa känslor relaterade till yrkesrollen. Arbetet var en utmaning och gav en härlig känsla att vara med och påverka. Sjuksköterskorna uttryckte efter uppdraget att det inte gick att förbereda sig på vilka känslor som skulle upplevas. Uppdragen gav energi och känslan av att ha vuxit som människa. Det framkom i studien att det var svårt att vara förberedd inför ett uppdrag, det uttrycktes frustration men ingen stress vilket andra studier visade. Sjuksköterskorna fick lära sig se med nya ögon och interaktionen med patienterna påverkades. / There is a great and constant need for nurses in international aid work. What a nurse does as an aid worker is different compared to the ordinary Swedish nurse. The work involves a lot of pleasure from doing good, but also many tragic experiences. This study is empirically based with a view to highlight nurses emotional perceptions in international aid work for MSF. The empirical data consisted of blogs, travel stories and interviews that were analyzed and presented in categories before, during and after missions. The first category showed that nurses were preparing for a tough and demanding mission, but it was difficult for them to imagine what they were going to meet. During the mission, both positive and negative feelings were related to the professional role. The work was a challenge and it was a great feeling to be able to make a difference. The assignments gave energy and the feeling of having grown as a person. The study revealed that it was difficult to be prepared for a mission, the nurses expressed frustration but no stress, which other studies showed. The nurses had to learn to see with new eyes and the interaction with the patients was affected.

Tyrimo aktualumas. Tyrimo tema aktuali dėl kelių priežasčių: darbuotojų motyvacija yra veiksnys darantis didelę įtaką darbuotojo tobulėjimui, saviugdai, kompetencijai ir kokybiškos veiklos atlikimui. Darbo motyvaciją stipriai veikia profesinėje veikloje patiriami išgyvenimai: teigiamos ir neigiamos emocijos. Vaiko teisių apsaugos darbuotojų darbo specifika verčia dažnai susidurti negatyviais visuomenės elgesio faktais, kurie menkina motyvaciją ir palieka neigiamą emocinį pėdsaką vaiko teisių apsaugos darbuotojų psichikoje. Patiriamos neigiamos emocijos sunkina darbo specifiką, reikalauja didesnės darbuotojų profesinės motyvacijos veiklai. Tyrimo objektas. Veiksniai, lemiantys vaikų tiesių apsaugos darbuotojų profesinę motyvaciją ir emocinius išgyvenimus darbinėje veikloje. Tyrimo tikslas. Išanalizuoti vaikų teisių apsaugos darbuotojų požiūrį į profesinę motyvaciją ir emocinius išgyvenimus darbinėje veikloje lemiančius veiksnius. Tyrimo metodika. Atlikti kiekybinis ir kokybinis tyrimai. Kiekybiniame empiriniame tyrime taikytas duomenų rinkimo metodas apklausa raštu, taikant struktūruotą klausimyną. Apklausa vykdyta elektroniniu paštu. Imties dydis 154 respondentai – Lietuvos savivaldybių vaiko teisių apsaugos skyrių vadovai ir specialistai. Apdorojant kiekybinius duomenis taikyta tiriamoji (angl. exploratory) faktorinė analizė. Kokybiniame tyrime – duomenų rinkimo metodas pusiau struktūrizuotas interviu. Imtis 9 tyrimo dalyviai – rajono ir miesto vaiko teisų apsaugos skyrių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topicality of the analysis. The topic of the analysis is relevant for several reasons: worker motivation is a factor which makes a huge influence on worker skills improvement, self development, competence and performing an efficient activity. Work motivation is strongly influenced by experiences of a professional activity: positive and negative emotions. The specifics of child right protection work is often related to negative facts of social behavior that diminish motivation and leave a negative emotional trace in a mental state of workers. All the negative emotions that are experienced aggravate work specifics and require higher worker motivation. Subject of the analysis. Factors influencing professional motivation and emotional experiences of workers in the sphere of child right protection. Objective of the analysis. Analyze the attitude of child right protection workers towards factors influencing their professional motivation and emotional experiences. Methods of the analysis. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were made. In the quantitative empirical analysis the applied method of data collection was a structural questionnaire in a written form. The questionnaire was sent by email. The respondents were 154 people – heads and specialists of child right protection departments of municipalities of Lithuania. Processing quantitative data, exploratory factor analysis was applied. The method of data collection in the qualitative analysis was a half-structural interview... [to full text]

The focus of this study was on the regulation and management of emotions among professional nurses in a critical care unit in a private hospital in Gauteng. The aim of this project is to explore and describe the level of resilience of professional nurses, in this case specifically, critical care nurses. The background portrays a journey from emotions and emotional experiences as main focus. The main focus was transformed into sequential emotion regulation and management as precursors to emotional intelligence. An initial literature investigation into emotional intelligence among professional nurses in general indicated that: Much international and national research has been conducted on emotional intelligence among nurses; emotional intelligence is an essential aspect of nursing, as an emotion-laden profession; and emotional intelligence implies positive benefits for nurses. The purpose of this study was to enhance professional nurses‟ regulation and management of their emotions in a critical care unit in a private hospital in Gauteng in order to enhance the level of emotional intelligence. Methodology: A qualitative, phenomenological research design was most suitable for this research that was also explorative, descriptive and contextual and within a case study strategy, combined with the use of interviews. C purposive sampling (Botma, et al., 2010:126) was used to select participants. ASE records included incident reports; organisational records of employee satisfaction, as well as documents that portrayed the care rendered in the unit. Participants were informed about the research by means of a PowerPoint presentation. The sample size was established once the research by saturation of data (Botma et al., 2010:200). Participants were informed about the research by means of a slideshow. Conclusion The results re-confirmed the existence of emotional labour in the critical care unit, as well as the different emotions experienced in the critical care unit. Results reflect the strain critical care nurses need to cope with, and the different ways they use to regulate these emotions and emotional experiences. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The focus of this study was on the regulation and management of emotions among professional nurses in a critical care unit in a private hospital in Gauteng. The aim of this project is to explore and describe the level of resilience of professional nurses, in this case specifically, critical care nurses. The background portrays a journey from emotions and emotional experiences as main focus. The main focus was transformed into sequential emotion regulation and management as precursors to emotional intelligence. An initial literature investigation into emotional intelligence among professional nurses in general indicated that: Much international and national research has been conducted on emotional intelligence among nurses; emotional intelligence is an essential aspect of nursing, as an emotion-laden profession; and emotional intelligence implies positive benefits for nurses. The purpose of this study was to enhance professional nurses‟ regulation and management of their emotions in a critical care unit in a private hospital in Gauteng in order to enhance the level of emotional intelligence. Methodology: A qualitative, phenomenological research design was most suitable for this research that was also explorative, descriptive and contextual and within a case study strategy, combined with the use of interviews. C purposive sampling (Botma, et al., 2010:126) was used to select participants. ASE records included incident reports; organisational records of employee satisfaction, as well as documents that portrayed the care rendered in the unit. Participants were informed about the research by means of a PowerPoint presentation. The sample size was established once the research by saturation of data (Botma et al., 2010:200). Participants were informed about the research by means of a slideshow. Conclusion The results re-confirmed the existence of emotional labour in the critical care unit, as well as the different emotions experienced in the critical care unit. Results reflect the strain critical care nurses need to cope with, and the different ways they use to regulate these emotions and emotional experiences. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Thesis (Ph. D. (Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2019 / South African has constitutional protection for the human rights of all its citizens. However, black lesbians in South Africa suffer physical, emotional and psychological abuse. This qualitative study aimed to elicit the social and emotional experiences of black lesbians living, as same-sex partners, in a township setting. The design of the study was exploratory in nature and used a purposive sample of ten couples (twenty women). The investigation was underpinned by Social domain theory (SDT) which allowed for an understanding of the judgements people make in different social settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each couple in order to collect data. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis (TCA) which gleaned ten themes namely, age and sexual orientation, suicide, education, lack of support, hate crimes, substance abuse, stigma, mental health, parenting and discrimination. In the discussion it was found that these themes echoed those in other local and international studies. However, corrective rape is peculiar to South Africa and was experienced by some participants in the study. In one case a brother, with the mother’s support raped his sister repeatedly. This took place in a country which has a progressive constitution and laws. Social norms in the township allows black lesbian couples to suffer this type of abuse and have daily experiences of discrimination and stigmatisation. Recommendations included a quantitative more far reaching study (as well as longitudinal studies) and more workshops and campaigns spreading knowledge about sexuality.