A positive relationship between economic growth and entrepreneurship has been established as derived from the body of knowledge in the domain of entrepreneurship. In acknowledgement of this relationship, governments have embarked on schemes and policies that encourage entrepreneurship in their economic development policies. The individual entrepreneur is a key player in new entrepreneurial venture process. The entire society is responsible for shaping an environment within which a behaviour pattern that promotes or hinders entrepreneurship is developed. The study mainly focused on understanding the behavioural phenomenon which is termed entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of engineers within the South African context. The assumed EO of entrepreneurial engineers was expected to be higher than that of non-entrepreneurial engineers. Cronbach Alpha’s tests found the prestructured EO scale to be reliable. T-test results for mean difference confirmed that entrepreneurs have a higher EO on the overal EO construct as well as on the autonomy, proactiveness and risk taking dimemensions.Factor analysis results supported the view that the EO construct is unidimensional. Situational factors that shaped the social environment alluded to above were studied as a secondary objective. Chi-square tests did not confirm the expectation that entrepreneurial engineers would be exposed to situational factors that promote entrepreneurship than their non-entrepreneurial counter parts. Lack of entrepreneurial education and finance have been identified as the key factors that hamper entrepreneurship. Recommendations are included in this report.Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

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This thesis summarizes some of the challenges and risks faced by new civil engineering or surveying business owners, as well as, engineering managers in Mississippi. Additionally, this paper will cover how these business owners take on those business challenges to become and remain successful. The data covered represents answers from the owners asked via phone conversations. The number of twenty employees or less was the criteria for a firm to be considered small. It was decided that approximately 20% of the firms listed, or a total of 20, would statistically represent the current state of affairs of small to medium sized firms in Mississippi. The answers given from the firms are presented anonymously for this report.

The purpose of this study was to examine students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship at a historically black university in central Mississippi. The study examined five areas of students’ perceptions: entrepreneurship, an entrepreneur, entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurship and technology, and demographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex, academic unit, work status, first generation to attend college, and first in immediate family to attend college). The research design for this study was cross-sectional and descriptive. A 50-item survey was used to collect the data. The research used descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages to describe the data. An independent t-test and the ANOVA were used to address the five research questions. When significant statistical differences were reported, a multiple comparison post hoc test (Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test [HSD]) was computed to determine where the differences occurred between groups. All data analyses were performed at a .05 significance level. The population for this study was 425 students enrolled in classes in the College of Business and School of Engineering. A total of 351 student surveys were analyzed and used in the study. Findings in this study indicated that age and work status impact how students’ perceive entrepreneurship. Also, students’ academic unit impacts how they perceive an entrepreneur. Additionally, students’ generation first to attend college plays a role in their perceptions of entrepreneurial opportunities. Further findings revealed that students from different academic units have similar perceptions of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship and technology. Also, students’ work status plays a role in their perceptions of entrepreneurship education. Based on the findings in this study, it was recommended that future research should be conducted to address factors contributable to students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship based on age and work status. Further research should also address faculty perceptions of entrepreneurship and the educational process. Research should be undertaken to replicate this study in other academic units at the university.

During an intervention, occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) can customize it by creating a novel product adaptation. Such adaptive products help individuals to participate fully in occupations and activities (AOTA), 2016a). Potentially, the need for the adaptive product could be greater than the one individual for whom it was intentionally designed. This doctoral project investigates the impact of OTP designed products not getting to market, the factors that contribute to this limitation, and propose an online course to address the problem. The pathway of the AquaEve urinal becoming a population application is used as a case example. The Assistive Technology Device Development: Moving from design to market ready (AT to Market) course will be implemented as a pilot course. The goal of this five-module course is to guide OTPs to achieve milestones on the path to bringing a novel AT product to market. The creation of a comparison product chart, a narrative description of the problem and solution, achievement of a working prototype, and the creation of a business plan are the measurable outcomes of this course. This doctoral project describes the contributing factors to the course including funding, outcomes research, and dissemination plans due to their contribution to the goal of the viability of the AT to Market course as a repeatable offering. The Assistive Technology Device Development: Moving From Design to Market Ready course will guide OTPs through the innovative and entrepreneurial steps to contribute to the emerging technology trend and advance the quality of health care through the development of healthcare enhancing products extending from their client creations. / 2020-10-23T00:00:00Z

This study aims at understanding the impact of social media (SM) at the different early stages of a startup. The early stages are identified as the venture idea generation stage, defined as how an idea is born. Then followed by the venture opportunity development & exploitationstage, which consists of defining an incubation and evaluation phase. To answer this question, believing in a relativism and constructionist philosophical standpoint, the researchers conducted a qualitative study with an inductive analysis. Therefore, conducting nine interviews on entrepreneurs that have started their own businesses. It has been concluded that SM has an increasing influence over the activities of the early stages. While little to no SM was involvedin the venture idea generation, it had shown a stronger influence at the incubation and evaluation phase. In addition to those findings, the study identified enablers and hinders to SM usage. Lastly, contribution has been made to the entrepreneurship literature, by identifying a new phase to the venture opportunity development & exploitation stage, i.e., trustworthiness.

There is a need for Occupational Therapy (OT) entrepreneurship in OT practice, but few Occupational Therapists practitioners (OTPs) initiate entrepreneurship opportunities. The purpose of this study was to explore the major causes surrounding why so few OTPs venture into private practice (Coppard, 2018). The participants included OTPs and OT students who have or had a private practice and those who desire to have a private practice but have not yet started one. The study was an exploratory mix-method design, which utilized pre-and post-surveys, and a one-time, two-hour interactive live workshop. The survey questions detailed the psychological and performance components of entrepreneur readiness. Surveys were disseminated through email and social media with prior consent. Once the presurvey results were received and analyzed, a pilot program via an interactive workshop was developed and implemented to address psychological and performance barriers to increase readiness. Once participants completed the workshop, a post-survey was administered to determine if there was an increase in entrepreneur readiness (Adeniyi, Derera & Gamede, 2022). The results of the study showed an increase in the importance of psychological readiness and the realization that most participants did not realize they were not as ready as they had envisioned based on specific personality and character traits. The study also revealed that most participants did not realize that they had learned certain aspects of business management and health insurance fundamentals but were not taught the essentials for starting a business and getting paid through health insurance reimbursements. Results also indicated that the intervention, OT to OT Entrepreneur Workshop, made a positive impact on participants in the areas of self-efficacy, technical knowledge, and beliefs about entrepreneurship. The study was meant to serve as a starting point to discover what is needed to increase the percentages of OT practitioners becoming OT entrepreneurs (OTE) so that a variety of traditional and non-traditional OT services can be offered within the community to increase physical, emotional, and mental health and well-being. In addition, the study was meant to increase the OTPs’ ability to practice more comprehensively according to the OT Scope of Practice, to increase autonomy, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction and decrease burnout (AOTA, 2021; Adeniyi, Derera & Gamede, 2022; Anderson & Nelson, 2011; Park, 2021; Stoffel, 2017). The study outcomes will guide the researcher in developing a complete comprehensive readiness program to increase OT entrepreneurship. / Temple University. College of Public Health / Health and Rehabilitation Sciences

Background: Tech-enabled personalised nutrition is an emerging area that has promise to improve health outcomes, widen access to nutrition expertise and reduce healthcare expenditure, yet uptake by registered dietitians remains low. This research programme aimed to identify levers and barriers that contribute to adoption of personalised nutrition in order to guide practice and policy for registered dietitians, educators and consumers. Methods: A mixed methods study with a sequential exploratory design was adopted to determine what the barriers to adoption of technologies are, and secondly, what needs to be in place to make tech-enabled personalised nutrition a reality. The research programme was conducted online using qualitative (focus groups and interviews) and quantitative measures (survey and secondary analysis). Thematic analysis, statistical and secondary analyses of data were performed respectively. Results: Using diffusion of innovation and entrepreneurial theories, findings indicate that barriers to integration of personalised nutrition technologies include intrinsic and extrinsic factors which relate to a low self-efficacy, high perception of risk, low perceived importance and usefulness of technologies to dietetic practice as well as a lack of an entrepreneurial mindset and regulatory environment. Conclusion: Uptake of tech-enabled personalised nutrition by registered dietitians will require a multi-stakeholder approach. Educational, professional, regulatory and health policies will need to be in place and strategies that open discussion between Registered Dietitians (RD’s) at all levels are needed.

This dissertation is comprised of three separate entrepreneurship papers. Paper 1, "Entrepreneurial Heuristics...", found that being mentored, rather than either having extensive higher education or more work experience, was primarily responsible for entrepreneurs acquiring the simplified decision rules (heuristics) that can be useful to them in their business pursuits. The study also found that entrepreneurs do not seem to switch their decision making processes from a "rational man" (thorough) mode to a more abbreviated, heuristic mode as some current thinking suggests. Also in Paper 1 this researcher presented and utilized a 27 item heuristics scale which was used to identify "use of heuristics" by the entrepreneurs studied. Paper 2, "Female Serial Entrepreneurs...", examined the characteristics of female serial entrepreneurs (SE's) as a group of growing size and importance. Three areas- business size, hours worked in the business, and amount and type of capital raised- were explored through contrasting female SE's with female non-SE's and male SE's. The primary findings were as follows: the businesses of female SE's are larger than those of female non-SE's, and female SE's in the professional, technical and scientific services industry borrow more debt than female SE's in this industry, but they do not work longer hours than female non-SE's. It was also found that female SE businesses, in the industries examined in the study, have come to rival male SE businesses in size, as measured in revenues. Paper 3, "The Serial Entrepreneur Dilemma...", explained a conundrum: why serial entrepreneurs do not seem to outperform novice entrepreneurs. A literature review is given consisting of the scholarly thinking about the causes of the conundrum, and then three hypotheses are tested to explore the dilemma. It was found that looking at serial entrepreneurs and novices over time, rather than cross-sectionally, helps to explain the conundrum: the SE's are willing to take losses early on (thus not performing higher than the novices) in expectation of future profits. It was also found that in slow-moving industries, serial entrepreneurs performed much better than novice entrepreneurs in revenues, whereas in fast-moving industries the difference between the two groups in performance was negligible. / Business Administration