The connection with the outdoor acoustic environment created by open windows has so far been one of the main impediments to the adoption of natural ventilation (NV), due to indoor noise levels easily exceeding design requirements. Starting from the apparent conflict between ventilation and acoustic comfort needs, and the potential offered by NV for low-energy cooling and ventilation, the study explores the opportunities for shaping healthy and supportive acoustic environments through sound transmitted via ventilation openings. The research question challenges the traditional approach to acoustic design, which assumes noise annoyance reduction by merely reducing decibel noise levels, drawing inspiration from the soundscape concept. Soundscape science characterises the human response to the acoustic environment in context and can help understand if and how NV may contribute to defining spaces that sound good to their occupants. The aim is to go beyond an exclusive focus on the ‘noise’ – ‘noise annoyance’ binomial, and to employ ‘wanted’ sounds as a design resource for creating acoustically pleasant environments. However, the soundscape framework, as described by ISO 12913 standard series, has been primarily developed for use in the context of urban planning. This has led to question (i) how the soundscape approach can be applied to the indoor built environment, (ii) what factors positively influence it and (iii) how it can be measured in residential buildings. A systematic literature review categorized the factors that positively influence acoustic perception in domestic environments, highlighting its strongly multi-factorial nature. Beyond noise level, a combination of acoustic and non-acoustic factors was found to affect acoustic perception, such as the urban context, house and person-related factors, socio-economic, situational, and environmental factors. The study benefited from a round of interview with experts in the field of urban soundscape, indoor soundscape, acoustic design, and public health and well-being. The collective discussion encompassed the characterization, management, and design of indoor (and indoor versus outdoor) soundscapes to identify current research gaps in the objective and subjective evaluation of the indoor acoustic environments. In response, based on a laboratory listening test, a model of perceived affective quality of indoor acoustic environments has been derived to guide the measurement and improvement of indoor residential soundscapes. During the test, 35 participants were asked to rate 20 different sound scenarios each. Scenarios were defined by combining four indoor sound sources and five urban environments, filtered through a window ajar, on 97 attribute scales. Comfort, content, and familiarity were extracted as the main perceptual dimensions explaining respectively 58%, 25% and 7% of the total variance in subjective ratings. A measurement system was proposed, based on a 2-D space defined by two orthogonal axes, comfort, and content, and two derivative axes, engagement and privacy – control, rotated 45° on the same plane. The model was tested in a large-scale online survey to assess the influences of different acoustic and non-acoustic factors on indoor soundscape dimensions, window-opening behavior, and occupant well-being. Evaluating the affective response to the indoor acoustic environment through the comfort – content model helped identifying the impacts that acoustical factors (e.g., sound typology), building (e.g., house size), urban (e.g., availability of a quiet side), situational (e.g., number of people at home), and person-related factors (e.g., noise sensitivity) determine on building occupants depending on the specific activity people are engaged with at home, reaching a more in-depth knowledge compared to appraisals based on annoyance evaluation alone. By disentangling the positive and negative contributions of sound stimuli according to people’s perception, it was possible to highlight the opportunity provided by NV to create a sense of place and enhance indoor soundscapes, providing useful masking opportunities in the presence of disturbing indoor noise sources. Results pointed to the existence of benefits from NV able to compensate for a reduced acoustic comfort in case of outdoor acoustic pollution. However, the availability of ‘positive’ urban soundscapes is essential for occupants’ well-being, and is linked primarily to access to natural sounds, but also to other commonly available urban sounds. The ‘quieter’ is therefore not always the better, but it really depends on the composition of indoor and outdoor sound types according to people’s preference and on the interaction with different domains (e.g., visual). Such evidence reinforces the role of acoustics in building and urban design, integrated with the other disciplines involved and based on multi-domain research. Overall, the doctoral study contributes to framing the ‘indoor soundscape’ concept, addressing scientific, industrial, social, and environmental implications, and suggesting future lines of research.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 minaki_c_me_prud.pdf: 11982736 bytes, checksum: 48d6e329731aaab2a5fe05c1735c800e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com o intenso processo de urbanização vivido pelas cidades brasileiras, principalmente na segunda metade do século XX, tornou-se cada vez mais necessário o estudo dos problemas ambientais urbanos. Nesse sentido, a qualidade ambiental evoluiu como uma temática fundamental para a avaliação das condições que os espaços urbanos oferecem à população e para o desenvolvimento de um planejamento urbano mais eficaz em sua prática. Buscouse verificar essas condições ambientais urbanas em uma área de crescimento recente e com problemas relacionados à insuficiência de dados e do planejamento de seu ordenamento espacial. Guararapes, cidade de pequeno porte, localizada no noroeste paulista, apresenta algumas características do meio urbano que reforçam a necessidade desse estudo: uso do solo inadequado, atividades potencialmente poluidoras, áreas de risco de enchentes, áreas de maior aquecimento térmico, áreas com ausência ou insuficiência de cobertura vegetal arbórea, áreas com alta densidade de edificações e espaços livres de edificação sem cobertura vegetal. A partir do levantamento de campo desses indicadores negativos, fez-se o mapeamento de cartas individuais e, posteriormente, a sobreposição destes para a elaboração de uma carta síntese – a de qualidade ambiental urbana. Na sobreposição, todos os indicadores negativos receberam o mesmo peso e as áreas que obtiveram o maior número de sobreposição foram consideradas com tendência à queda da qualidade ambiental urbana. Trata-se da metodologia aplicada por Nucci (2001), adaptada para a área de estudo em questão... / The intense process of urbanization faced by Brazilian cities, especially in the middle of the twentieth century, made the study of urban environmental problems become more and more necessary. In this sense, the environment quality evolved as a fundamental issue for the evaluation of the conditions offered by urban spaces to population and for the development of a more efficient urban planning in practice. These urban environmental conditions were verified in an area of recent development and with problems related to the lack of data and planning its spatial organization. Guararapes, a little town located at the northeast area of the state of São Paulo, presents some characteristics of urban area which emphasize the necessity of this study: inadequate use of the land, potentially polluting services, risk areas of flood, areas of increasing thermal heating, areas with absence or insufficiency of arboreal vegetal covering, areas with high density of edification and free spaces of edification without vegetal covering. From the survey of these negative indicators, it was made the mapping of synthesis maps and then their superposition for the elaboration of a summary map – the one of urban environmental quality... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim / Banca: Encarnita Salas Martin / Banca: João Carlos Nucci / Resumo: Com o intenso processo de urbanização vivido pelas cidades brasileiras, principalmente na segunda metade do século XX, tornou-se cada vez mais necessário o estudo dos problemas ambientais urbanos. Nesse sentido, a qualidade ambiental evoluiu como uma temática fundamental para a avaliação das condições que os espaços urbanos oferecem à população e para o desenvolvimento de um planejamento urbano mais eficaz em sua prática. Buscouse verificar essas condições ambientais urbanas em uma área de crescimento recente e com problemas relacionados à insuficiência de dados e do planejamento de seu ordenamento espacial. Guararapes, cidade de pequeno porte, localizada no noroeste paulista, apresenta algumas características do meio urbano que reforçam a necessidade desse estudo: uso do solo inadequado, atividades potencialmente poluidoras, áreas de risco de enchentes, áreas de maior aquecimento térmico, áreas com ausência ou insuficiência de cobertura vegetal arbórea, áreas com alta densidade de edificações e espaços livres de edificação sem cobertura vegetal. A partir do levantamento de campo desses indicadores negativos, fez-se o mapeamento de cartas individuais e, posteriormente, a sobreposição destes para a elaboração de uma carta síntese - a de qualidade ambiental urbana. Na sobreposição, todos os indicadores negativos receberam o mesmo peso e as áreas que obtiveram o maior número de sobreposição foram consideradas com tendência à queda da qualidade ambiental urbana. Trata-se da metodologia aplicada por Nucci (2001), adaptada para a área de estudo em questão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The intense process of urbanization faced by Brazilian cities, especially in the middle of the twentieth century, made the study of urban environmental problems become more and more necessary. In this sense, the environment quality evolved as a fundamental issue for the evaluation of the conditions offered by urban spaces to population and for the development of a more efficient urban planning in practice. These urban environmental conditions were verified in an area of recent development and with problems related to the lack of data and planning its spatial organization. Guararapes, a little town located at the northeast area of the state of São Paulo, presents some characteristics of urban area which emphasize the necessity of this study: inadequate use of the land, potentially polluting services, risk areas of flood, areas of increasing thermal heating, areas with absence or insufficiency of arboreal vegetal covering, areas with high density of edification and free spaces of edification without vegetal covering. From the survey of these negative indicators, it was made the mapping of synthesis maps and then their superposition for the elaboration of a summary map - the one of urban environmental quality... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of buildings can have a strong influence on occupants’ productivity and health. Post occupancy evaluation (POE) is the first step in assessing IEQ, and typically relies on subjective surveys of thermal quality, air quality, visual quality, and acoustic quality. However, the practice of conducting POE, from data collection during field studies to data coding, analyses and visualization, is very labor intensive. In addition, there is often a significant discrepancy between major IEQ standards and actual human perception. The Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics (CBPD) at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has expanded POE to include both objective IEQ measurements and records of the TABS that may affect indoor environment and user satisfaction. The suite of three tools including user satisfaction survey, technical attributes of building system and workstation IEQ measurements in the National Environmental Assessment Toolkit has been deployed in over 1600 workstations in 65 buildings, generating a rich database for statistical evaluation of the possible correlations between the physical attributes of workstations, measured environmental conditions, and user satisfaction. The database also supports a number of critical hypotheses relative to the complexity and depth of field data needed, the critical factors that must be collected, and the possibility that humans are indeed good sensors for many variables. The major statements that have been drawn from the research are as follows: (1) Because human health and performance outcomes are a result of an integration of indices, IEQ evaluation must include thermal, air, visual, and acoustic measures. (2) While POE with IEQ measurement is an ideal approach to assessing the full suite of environmental characteristics that impact human satisfaction, health and performance, field measurements are labor and cost intensive. (3) Building occupants can provide critical insights and even real measures of IEQ, and contribute to updating IEQ standards to reflect integrated realities. As such, this research revealed an integrated approach to POE +M by leveraging occupants as sensors to quickly capture IEQ conditions in a work environment. This approach can identify critical factors in the physical environment that impacts building occupant comfort and satisfaction. This approach provides practical IEQ assessment methods and procedures centered on the occupants’ perspective. The ultimate outcome of this research will contribute (1) correlations between occupant perception and measured data, (2) a refined survey method to assess building IEQ capable of robust prediction of building performance, and (3) metrics and guidelines for IEQ standards that capture new IEQ thresholds that impact building occupants’ comfort. The hypotheses tested in this thesis are summarized as follows: Hypothesis 1: Humans are effective sensors for POE+M. Combining occupant responses with key IEQ attributes can provide insight that is comparable to complex field instrumentation. Hypothesis 2: User satisfaction can inform design decisions. Comparing user satisfaction to instrumented IEQ measurements can inform acceptable thermal, air, visual, and acoustic design for occupant satisfaction. Hypothesis 3: Environmental thresholds are not adequate. Comparing user satisfaction to instrumented IEQ measurements can inform acceptable thermal, air, visual, and acoustic quality l conditions for occupant comfort. Multivariate regression, multiple correlation coefficient, and Pearson correlation statistical analysis of the database of 1600 workstations revealed the relationship between measured and perceived IEQ indices, interdependencies between IEQ indices and other satisfaction variables of significance. This research can contribute correlations between occupant perception and measured conditions, and metrics and guidelines for IEQ standards that capture new IEQ thresholds that impact building occupants’ comfort. The key findings of the IEQ data analysis are as follows: The result of the thermal quality revealed that smaller thermal zone, greater window quality, a level of control, measured air temperature at 60 cm from the floor, and radiant temperature asymmetry between exterior and interior walls are critical factors of temperature satisfaction. For air quality, operable windows, window quality, partition height, dedicated exhausts for printer and copy area, return air density are critical factors for overall air quality satisfaction. User satisfaction of the visual quality showed that seated view in the workstation is the most critical factor for user’s overall visual quality satisfaction. In addition, better ceiling fixture, ceiling lens type, window type and managing illuminance level on the work surface are important. Lastly, to ensure the acoustic quality satisfaction in both background noise and frequency from distraction from other people, bigger workstation, more partition sides, higher partitions and management of distributed noise source are critical for user comfort and perceived productivity. Overall, this thesis identified opportunities to improve the process of IEQ assessment by engaging occupants in POE, and define critical indicators for building occupant satisfaction. The results will contribute to the ongoing database of engaging humans as IEQ sensors. In the future, the findings and framework described here may be applied in different aspects of the building delivery process, such as building life cycle evaluation, building design, and the construction stage, to improve occupants’ thermal, air, visual, and acoustic conditions in the building.

El lufenuron un insecticida del grupo de los benzilureas, el cual interfiere con la síntesis de la quitina que causa una inhibición en la muda de los insectos. Se evaluó el efecto tóxico del lufenuron sobre seis organismos bioindicadores de calidad ambiental. Se desarrollaron los bioensayos con el lufenuron sobre seis organismos bioindicadores de calidad ambiental: Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck, 1890), Artemia franciscana (Kellogg, 1906), Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820), Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), Microorganismos de Suelo y Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826). Se utilizó el análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) con prueba de Tukey y con el Probit se calcularon los parámetros ecotoxicológicos. Los resultados son los siguientes, C. vulgaris (CI50<2,46 mg i.a.·L-1 a 96 h), A. franciscana (CL50= 11,41 μg i.a.·L-1 a 48 h), D. magna (CL50= 0,05 μg i.a.·L-1 a 48h), D. magna (NOEC= 0,00005 mg i.a.·L-1 / LOEC= 0,0001 mg i.a.·L-1 para el numero de crías vivas a 21 d), C. auratus (NOEC= 0, 061 mg i.a.·L-1/ LOEC= 0.122 mg i.a.·L-1 para el porcentaje de mortalidad acumulada a 26 d), Microorganismos de Suelo (NOEC= 1820 mg i.a.·g-1 / LOEC> 1820 mg i.a.·g-1) y E. foetida (DL50= 206,31 mg i.a.·Kg-1 a 14 d ; NOEC< 21,2 mg i.a.·Kg-1 / LOEC= 21,2 mg i.a.·Kg-1 a 14 d). Se observó la siguiente secuencia de ecotoxicidad decreciente mediado por los efectos letales y subletales producidos durante los bioensayos con los seis organismos: D. magna > A. franciscana > C. vulgaris > C. auratus > E. foetida > Microorganismos del suelo. Daphnia magna fue el organismo bioindicador más sensible al lufenuron y el más resistente fueron los microorganismos del suelo. El lufenuron presentó mayores porcentajes de mortalidad e inhibición en los organismos acuáticos que en los terrestres. Se concluyó que los seis organismos escogidos para evaluar los posibles daños ambientales del insecticida lufenuron, ayudaron a clarificar que este compuesto daña principalmente la cadena trófica acuática que la terrestre, siendo más sensibles los ecosistemas acuáticos que los terrestres que presentan riesgo bajo.Lufenuron is an insecticide from the group of benzylureas, which interferes with the synthesis of chitin causing inhibition of insect moulting. The toxic effect of lufenuron on six environmental quality bioindicator organisms was evaluated. Bioassays with lufenuron were developed on six environmental quality bioindicators: Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck, 1890), Artemia franciscana (Kellogg, 1906), Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820), Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826). The analysis of variance (ANDEVA) was used with Tukey's test and with the Probit we calculated the ecotoxicological parameters. The results are as follows: C. vulgaris (IC50 <2,46 mg i.a.·L-1 at 96 h), A. franciscana (LC50 = 11,41 μg i.a.·L-1 at 48 h), D. magna LC50 = 0,05 μg i.a.·L-1 at 48 h), D. magna (NOEC = 0,00005 mg i.a.·L-1 / LOEC = 0,0001 mg i.a.·L-1 for the number of live offspring at 21 d), C. auratus (NOEC = 0,061 mg i.a.·L-1 / LOEC = 0.122 mg i.a.·L-1 for the percentage of accumulated Mortality at 26 d), Soil Microorganisms (NOEC = 1820 mg i.a.·g-1/ LOEC> 1820 mg i.a.·g-1) and E. foetida (LD50 = 206,31 mg i.a.·kg-1 at 14 d; NOEC <21,2 mg i.a.·kg-1 / LOEC = 21,2 mg i.a.·kg-1 at 14 d). The following sequence of decreasing ecotoxicity mediated by the lethal and sublethal effects produced during the bioassays with the six organisms was observed: D. magna> A. franciscana> C. vulgaris> C. auratus> E. foetida> Soil microorganisms. Daphnia magna was the most bioindicator organism of lufenuron, and the most resistant soil microorganisms. Lufenuron had higher rates of mortality and inhibition in aquatic organisms than in terrestrial organisms. It was concluded that the six organisms chosen to evaluate the possible environmental damages of the insecticide lufenuron, helped to clarify that this compound damages mainly the trophic chain aquatic that the terrestrial chain, being more sensitive aquatic ecosystems that the terrestrial ones.

Orientador: Sérgio Campos / Banca: Ellen Fittipaldi Brasillio Carrega / Banca: Fernanda Leite Ribeiro / Resumo: As ações antrópicas, o crescimento demográfico e o crescimento econômico podem causar deterioração da qualidade ambiental, devido à falta de planejamento no uso e ocupação do solo e a falta de adoção de práticas conservacionistas. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo principal determinar as classes de uso e ocupação do solo e seus respectivos conflitos nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente no entorno de nascentes e nas margens dos rios (cursos d'água) em função da legislação ambiental (Legislação Federal n°12.651 de 2012 com a nova redação determinada pela Lei n° 12.727 de 17 de outubro de 2012). A bacia hidrográfica está localizada no município de Igaraçu do Tietê (SP) e situa-se entre as coordenadas 48° 36' 12" a 48° 34' 3" de longitude W Gr. e 22° 35' 49" a 22° 30'38" de latitude S, totalizando uma área de 3338, 22 hectares. Foi usado o SIG IDRISI Selva para gerar os mapas de uso e ocupação do solo e seus respectivos conflitos em áreas de APP. Os resultados do mapeamento das áreas de uso e ocupação do solo totalizaram em seis classes de usos que são a cana de açúcar (2879,35 ha), mata (255,93 ha), pastagem (81,51 ha), Imóveis (19,35ha), Reservatório artificial (29,37 ha) e várzea (72,71 ha). A classe mais expressiva no uso do solo foi a cultura de cana-de-açúcar que ocupa 86,25 % do território e os conflitos em áreas de APP apresentados na bacia totalizaram de 76,45 ha, sendo a classe predominante a de cana de açúcar com 52,85 ha (69,13 %). / Abstract: The anthropogenic actions, the population growth and the economic growth may cause deterioration of environmental quality, due to the lack of planning on land use and land cover and the adoption of conservation practices. Thus this paper has as its main goal to determine the use classes and the land cover Permanent Preservation Area around the watersheds and streams according to the environmental law (Federal law n°12,651 from 2012 with a new text determined by law 12,727 from October 17th 2012). The watershed is located in Igaraçu do Tietê (SP) town, it lies between the coordinates 48° 36' 12" to 48° 34' 3" of longitude W Gr. and 22° 35' 49" to 22° 30'38" of latitude S, adding up to an area of 3338.22 hectares. It was used the Geographic Information System GIS IDRISI-Selva to generate land use and the land cover maps and its conflicts in the PPA areas. The mapping outcomes from land use and land cover added up to six use classes which are sugarcane (2879.35 ha), forest (255,93 ha), pasture (81.51 ha), real estates (19.35 ha), artificial reservoir (29.37 ha) and floodplain (72.71 ha). The most expressive in the land use was the sugarcane crops which occupies 86.25% of the territory and the conflicts in PPA areas presented in the watershed were 76.45 ha, being the sugarcane area the evidenced one adding up to an area of 52.85 ha (69.13%). / Mestre

A água é de grande importância para a sobrevivência da vida, o rio Corumbataí abastece as cidades de Analândia, Corumbataí, Rio Claro, Piracicaba entre outras. A toxicologia ambiental vem sendo disseminada como ferramenta no monitoramento ambiental, pois através de bioensaios é possível avaliar a qualidade dágua. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do corpo hídrico em questão através de testes de toxicidade crônica, aplicação de protocolo rápido, determinação de metais em sedimento em suspensão e a toxicidade aguda de dois herbicidas (ametrina e glifosato) com Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente no período de agosto/2009 à julho de 2010. Para as 12 coletas verificou-se que pelo menos um ou mais pontos apresentavam concentração de Fe acima do valor máximo permitido pelo CONAMA. A oscilação da pontuação do protocolo de avaliação rápida esteve diretamente relacionada com os aspectos visuais e olfativos. No ensaio crônico com Ceriodaphnia silvestrii houve variação na reprodução dos organismos e através de análises estatísticas foi possível observar que o pH, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade, Zn, Ti e Ni influenciaram na toxicidade da amostra. Os herbicidas ametrina e glifosato apresentaram a CE50 (48h) respectivamente de 0,50 e 4,5 mg L-1. Conclui-se que a toxicidade crônica foi influenciada pelos parâmetros físico-químicos e metais durante os 12 meses de coleta.O protocolo de avaliação rápida complementa os resultados obtidos dos testes de toxicidade crônica. Através dos ensaios de toxicidade agudo verificou-se que a ametrina é nove vezes mais tóxica do que o glifosato / Water is very importance for survive of life, the Corumbataí river provides water for Analândia, Corumbataí, Rio Claro and Piracicaba and others cities. The environmental toxicology has been disseminated how a tool in environmental monitoring, because through the bioassays is possible evaluate the quality of water body. The objective of this study was assess the quality of the water body in focus through chronic tests, rapid assessment protocols, determination of metals in suspended matter and acute toxicity of two herbicides (ametryn and gliphosate) with Ceriodaphnia silvestrii. The water samples were collected monthly between august 2009 to july 2010. For the 12 samples verified at least one or more samples has more iron concentration than maximum value permitted of CONAMA. The oscillation of the rapid assessment protocols scores was directed associated with visual and olfactory aspects. In chronic assays with Ceriodaphnia silvestrii has the variation in the reproduction of the organisms and through the statics analyzes was possible observed that the pH, dissolved oxygen conductivity, Zn, Ti and Ni influenced in the toxicity of sample. The herbicides ametryn and glyphosate showed the EC50 (48h)respectively 0.50 and 4.5 mg L-1. It is conclude that the chronic toxicity was influenced by physics- chemistries parameters and metals during the 12 months. The rapid assessment protocol complete the results from chronic tests of toxicity. Through of acute toxicity assays verified that the ametryn is nine times more toxic than glyphosate.

The Georges Bank area in the northwest Atlantic Ocean plays an important role in New England's economy. Overfishing has led to a rapid decrease in cod population numbers, leading to a collapse in certain stocks. Currently, the rate of decrease in cod numbers has slowed; however, population numbers are still low. In this study, I use Growth Rate Potential (GRP) to assess the current environmental quality of Georges Bank and its suitability to support a cod population. GRP is the amount of growth predicted for a fish with known prey availability and environmental conditions. With prey availability and temperature data obtained during the fall fisheries acoustics surveys in 2000, 2001 and 2002, I developed spatially explicit GRP maps, using bioenergetic and foraging models, for Atlantic cod to determine the ability of the Georges Bank environment to support a cod population. Results show that Georges Bank is able to support growth for adult Atlantic cod. In addition to GRP analysis, I studied nucleic acid concentrations of Atlantic herring. Nucleic acids play an important role in growth and development, and have been used to assess physical condition of fish as well as and current growth rates. In this study, I determine total nucleic acid concentrations of Atlantic herring caught during three different spawning stages: pre-, post-, and non-spawning, to determine how nucleic acid concentrations and energy allocation vary seasonally. Results support the hypothesis that nucleic acid concentrations can be used as condition indicators, and are highly sensitive to the spawning stage of fish showing a significant difference between the three groups, which may affect their ability as condition indicators.

Orientador: Paulo Cesar Lodi / Banca: Jorge Hamada / Banca: Moises Teodoro Messi / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o levantamento e discussões dos resultados obtidos na avaliação da qualidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do rio Dourado. A bacia em estudo tem o rio Dourado como afluente do rio Tietê e está localizada no Centro Oeste Paulista, região de vocação agrícola, além de atividades pecuniárias e turísticas. Os principais avaliados foram: a qualidade de água, uso e ocupação do solo em torno da bacia e seu perfil sanitário. Para tanto, foram selecionados 42 (quarenta e dois) pontos de amostragens, sendo 06 (seis) no corpo principal do rio Dourado e 36 (trinta e seis) na confluência com os principais contribuintes (tributários). os parâmetros que apresentaram desconformidades foram: DBO5, Ferro Total, Cobre, Oxigênio dissolvido, Coliformes termotolerantes e condutividade elétrica, com maior evidência a partir do Ponto Tangará no sentido nascente - foz. Isto se dá devido aos diversos usos antrópicos, tanto rural quanto urbano. A forte presença do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, pastagem de animais e a construção de condomínios às margens do rio Dourado, exercem contribuição na descaracterização da qualidade da água e nos múltiplos pontos de erosão e assoreamento existentes. A avaliação mostrou a necessidade do envolvimento do poder público e privado no que diz respeito à execução de ações mitigadoras / Abstract: This work presents results obtained from the evaluation of the environmental quality of Dourado river Hydrographic Basin. The Basin under study has Dourado river as a tributary of the Tietê river and is located in Paulista Midwest, a region of agricultural vocation, besides livestock and tourist activities. The main factors evaluated took into account water quality, use and land occupation around the Basin and its sanitary profile. To this end, 42 (forty-two) sampling points were selected, being 06 (six) in the main body of Dourado river and 36 (thirty-six) at confluence with the main contributors (tributaries). The parameters that showed changes were: BOD5, Total Iron, Copper, Dissolved Oxygen, Thermotolerant Califorms and Electrical Conductivity, with more evidence from Tangará Point in the fountaing-mouth way. This is due to several anthropic uses, both rural and urban. The strong presence of the sugar cane cultivation, animal grazing and condos building on the shores of Dourado river, contributes to water quality and multiple points of erosion and suilting existing. The evaluation showed the need of the public and private power involvement concerning the implementation of mitigating actions / Mestre

No description available.