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Om geografiska informationssystem (GIS) och dess tillämpningar inom barncancerforskning : Ett fokus på GIS i forskningen om barnleukemi och dess etiologi / About geographic information systems (GIS) and its applications in childhood cancer research : A focus on GIS in the research of childhood leukemia and its etiologyBergström, Stina January 2011 (has links)
The purpose of the study was to summarize the literature about geographic information systems (GIS) and its applications in childhood cancer research. The main focus was to examine how GIS has been contributing to the research of childhood leukemia and its etiology. Since this is one of the diseases that can be connected to a public health issue, a thorough exploration of different areas outside the childhood cancer area had to be considered. Areas such as epidemiology and environmental health were two of the most relevant sources of literature. The etiology behind childhood leukemia has been studied for several decades, but the risk factors that cause this disease still remain largely unknown, and the results have been inconsistent. Since the 1990's, one of the methods to identify potential spatial clusters of childhood leukemia has been the use of GIS. This software has the ability to layer multiple risk factors in relation to the diagnosed children and thereafter visualize potential clusters on a map. The evaluation of the literature resulted in five topics which included most of the studies that has utilized GIS in their research of childhood leukemia. These five topics with its connected risk factors were: electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation, air pollution, agricultural pesticides and hazardous waste sites. Even though few of the studies showed statistic significant clusters when connecting a potential risk factor with childhood leukemia, a majority of them didn't present any evidence about a causal relationship, which indicates a need of further research.
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SOURCE, DISTRIBUTION AND FATE OF THE KEY NATURAL FREE AND CONJUGATED ESTROGENS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT WITH RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES / 水環境に見出される抱合体を含むエストロゲンの起源、分布、挙動に基づくリスク評価と対策KUMAR, Vimal 23 March 2010 (has links)
Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第15364号 / 工博第3243号 / 新制||工||1488(附属図書館) / 27842 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 宏明, 教授 藤井 滋穂, 教授 米田 稔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Chemické složení fotovoltaických panelů a jejich rizikovost / Chemical composition of photovoltaic panels and assessment of their environmental risksKoudelová, Marta January 2017 (has links)
The diploma work deals with chemical composition of photovoltaic panels and assessment of their environmental risks. In its introduction part, the characterization of photovoltaic panels, including the composition of their layers and the significance of some specific metals in these facilities, is summarized. The introduction part also mentions the life cycle of photovoltaic panels from production to end of life. The experimental part is focused on chemistry of several different types of photovoltaic panels. In addition to the major elements of the panels (Si, Al, Fe, Na, Ca), the analyzes confirmed the increased content of interest metals (especially Cu, Ag, Sb, Sn, Zn, Pb) at tens to thousands of mg/kg depending on the processed sample. A potentially economically interesting value is Ag. The Ag concentrations range from hundreds to 1,300 mg/kg (~ 1,200 g Ag / t of panels) for some types of processed samples. High concentrations exhibit Cu (up to 16,700 mg/kg), Sb (up to 1,890 mg/kg) or Sn (up to 2050 mg/kg). Leaching experiments (using deionized water and EDTA reagents) were performed at two time intervals (24 and 168 hours). Very low leachability of the metals from the studied samples (in order of per mil or less) has been demonstrated. The studied samples of photovoltaic panels can be classified...
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THE RISKS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES : How are these risks handled by the corporate governance and the external auditor?Hallström, Viktor, Strand, Emma January 2017 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to examine external auditors´ current practices when performing an audit of companies with environmentally hazardous activities, i.e. if the environmental risks are taken into account by the auditor of an audit. To understand what the auditors should review, this study also examines how these companies control their environmental risks. A qualitative method has been conducted based on ten semi-structured interviews, consisting of auditors experienced in auditing industrial companies as well as corporate managers of the largest industrial companies within the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Furthermore, information has also been obtained from annual reports of the companies. This study shows that the auditors` practices, when conducting audits of environmental hazardous companies, do not include a comprehensive investigation of risks arising from environmental hazardous activities. Furthermore, the study shows that big, listed industrial companies have a strong internal control that manages their environmental risks. The companies are aware that they are exposed to risks due to their operations and they are taking adequate actions to control them such as different management systems.
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Perceptions of risk to water environments in the lower Fraser basin, British ColumbiaCavanagh, Nigel Steven 05 1900 (has links)
The following thesis presents the results of a two year study that addressed lay
perceptions of the risks to the water resources of the Lower Fraser Basin, British
Columbia. Studies of this nature are important because by clarifying public perceptions,
risk communication policies as well as land and water resource use plans that accommodate
people's concerns can be developed appropriately. The study was based on a written
survey that was administered to 183 lay subjects in four communities within the Lower
Fraser Basin. Sixteen experts participated in a portion of the survey. Analysis involved the
determination of how people perceive distinct human activities in terms of the risk each may
pose to the health of aquatic ecosystems. Further analysis compared these perceptions to
those of specialists in the aquatic sciences. The thesis is structured as a collection of three
papers that examine different aspects of the study. The First paper provides a review of the
overall data set, while the remaining two papers address related subsets of the data. One
paper reviews perceptions of activities that cause eutrophication problems and the other
reviews perceptions of forest industry activities. The results demonstrated that people tend
to view risks to water environments in a multi-faceted fashion. Four factors were found to
influence people's general perception of risk and the need for regulation of the activities that
were perceived to pose the risk. These factors were termed Ecological Impact, Human
Benefit, Controllability and Knowledge. Another significant result was the fact that there
were often striking differences between the views of the lay sample and those of the expert
sample. Some activities were perceived by the lay sample as posing substantial risk while
the experts did not view this to be the case. Alternatively, for some activities, the reverse
scenario occurred. Accordingly, there were differences in judgements between the two
groups as to the degree of regulation that should be imposed on the respective activities. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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Riscos geomorfológicos e hidrológicos em AracajuSantos, Alizete dos 27 February 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The urbanization process in Brazil is characterized by its fast and disorderly drivingthe occupation of houses in fragile physical environments characterized as the use and occupation. This dynamic puts the population, especially low purchasing power in a situation of environmental risks they are hydrological and / or geomorphological features. The risk is that the probability of loss and / or damage to the social and environmental point of view which the population is exposed. In this context, the present study was to examine the environmental risks physical geomorphological and hydrological and consolidated in the urban expansion area of Aracaju in the prevention of accidents. To achieve this and other proposed objectives was made using different procedures, focusing initially the literature survey and mapping for the systematization of the knowledge produced on the subject in various sources and public institutions, in addition to field work to show and record the risks geomorphological and hydrological. The methodology used allowed the crossing of the environmental variables considered basic to identify the level of vulnerability in Aracaju. The investigative analysis shows that in the places of occurrence of the events / accidents dominate the standard urban periphery, except in the expansion area of the municipality. Floods and flooding are common in many locations mainly in expansion and in the more consolidated, as well as near the drainage channels, whether natural or rectified. The areas with the greatest evidence of geomorphological hazards Floods and flooding are common in many locations mainly in expansion and in the more consolidated, as well as near the drainage channels, whether natural or rectified. The areas with the greatest evidence of geomorphological hazards (erosion and mass movements) are tied to insecurity or lack of basic infrastructure, mainly present in the Santa Maria neighborhoods, Jabotiana, America, Cidade Nova, Port Dantas / Coqueiral and Soledade. The absence of detailed studies and a plan to manage environmental risks in difficult decision making framework for ensuring the combat and / or mitigation of environmental risks in Aracaju. Therefore, it is necessary that the Government undertake preventive actions to avoid the uncontrolled growth of the city, as of works of sanitation, to ensure the safety population, and the development and implementation of structural measures (technical control) and non-structural (prevention plans and alerts, risk zoning, flood insurance) to combat the risk / O processo de urbanização brasileira se caracteriza pela sua forma rápida e desordenada impulsionando a ocupação de moradias em ambientes físicos caracterizados como frágeis ao uso e ocupação.Essa dinâmica coloca a população, principalmente de poder aquisitivo baixo, em situação de riscos ambientais sejam eles hidrológicos e/ou geomorfológicos. O risco se constitui na probabilidade de perda e/ou danos do ponto de vista socioambiental a qual a população esteja exposta. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo buscou analisar os riscos ambientais físicos geomorfológicos e hidrológicos na malha urbana consolidada e zona de expansão de Aracaju, visando à prevenção de ocorrência de acidentes. Para o alcance desse e outros objetivos propostos fez-se o uso de procedimentos distintos, priorizando inicialmente o levantamento bibliográfico e cartográfico para sistematização do conhecimento produzido sobre o assunto em diversas fontes e instituições públicas, além do trabalho de campo para evidenciar e registrar os riscos geomorfológicos e hidrológicos. A metodologia utilizada permitiu o cruzamento das variáveis ambientais consideradas básicas para identificação do nível de vulnerabilidade em Aracaju.A análise investigativa evidencia que nos lugares de ocorrência dos eventos/acidentes predominam o padrão urbano periférico, exceto na área de expansão do município. As enchentes e os alagamentos são frequentes em diversas localidades principalmente na área de expansão e na área mais consolidada, bem como nas proximidades dos canais de drenagem, sejam eles naturais ou retificados. Já as áreas com maiores evidências de riscos geomorfológicos (erosão e movimentos de massas) estão atreladas a precarização ou inexistência de infraestrutura básica, presentes principalmente nos bairros Santa Maria, Jabotiana, América, Cidade Nova, Porto Dantas/Coqueiral e Soledade. A ausência de estudos detalhados e de um plano de gestão dos riscos ambientais dificulta na tomada de decisão coerente para a garantia do combate e/ou mitigação dos riscos ambientais em Aracaju. Sendo assim, é necessário que o Poder Público estabeleça ações preventivas afim de evitar o crescimento desordenado do município, a partir da realização das obras de saneamento básico, que garantam segurança a população residente, além da elaboração e execução de medidas estruturais (técnicas de controle) e não estruturais (planos de prevenção e alerta, zoneamento do risco, seguro enchentes) para combate ao risco
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An overview of environmental development in the game parks of KenyaGinter, Carolyn G. 01 January 1996 (has links)
Kenya has one of the oldest and most developed national park and reserve systems among developing nations in Africa. Kenya's ecosystems have felt the impact of tourists, from big game hunters to photographic safaris, for over a century. This project contains the research on which the author intends to base a future book about Kenyan ecoturism for the general public.
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Le concept comptable de passif environnemental, miroir du risque environnemental de l'entreprise / The accounting concept of environmental liability, mirror of the environmental risk of the companyBardy, Jennifer 15 January 2018 (has links)
A travers les risques que l’entreprise fait peser sur l’environnement ou à travers les risques qui pèsent surelle eu égard à la multiplication des obligations légales visant à protéger l’environnement, l’entreprise nepeut plus se permettre d’ignorer le risque environnemental. L’exigence d’appréhension du risqueenvironnemental doit dorénavant accompagner l’entreprise tout au long de son existence. Le droitcomptable, autant pour ses capacités historiques d’appréhension des risques qu’en sa qualitéd’ordonnateur du langage de l’entreprise, apparaît comme l’instrument idoine d’identification et demaîtrise du risque environnemental. Par le biais du concept de passif environnemental, le droitcomptable offre une grille de lecture du risque environnemental mettant en lumière la plupart desnuances de ce risque. Toujours grâce au concept de passif environnemental, le droit comptable révèleson aptitude à contrôler les conséquences dommageables que le risque environnemental fait peser surl’entreprise ou l’environnement. Les mérites du droit comptable dans l’appréhension du risqueenvironnemental de l’entreprise ne doivent cependant pas masquer une conception originelleexclusivement basée sur la reconnaissance des atteintes portées au capital financier de l’entreprise. Parceque persister dans la voie de l’ignorance d’un capital environnemental a pour effet de restreindrel’appréhension du risque environnemental, la refondation du droit comptable dans le sens del’intégration d’un capital environnemental offre au droit comptable l’opportunité de s’affirmer en tantque branche du droit qui, bien que spécifique, n’en est pas moins vivante et à ce titre, douée d’évolution. / Whether it is through the risks that the company imposes on the environment or through the risks thatweigh on it with regard to the multiplication of legal obligations aimed at protecting the environment,the company can no longer afford to ignore the environmental risk. Henceforth, the environmental riskapprehension requirement must guide the company throughout its existence. The accounting law, asmuch for its historical abilities to apprehend the risks of the company as for its quality of organizing thelanguage of the company, appears as the instrument that can help in the identification and control of theenvironmental risk. Through the concept of environmental liability, the accounting law offers, on onehand, an environmental risk reading grid that highlights most of the nuances of this risk. On the otherhand, because of the concept of environmental liability, the accounting law reveals its ability to controlthe damaging consequences that the environmental risk imposes on the company or the environment.The merits of the accounting law as regards the apprehension of the environmental risk of the companymust not however mask an original conception exclusively based on the recognition of the violations ofthe financial capital of the company. Because persisting in the path of ignorance of an environmentalcapital has the effect of restricting the apprehension of environmental risk, the refoundation of theaccounting law in the direction of the integration of an environmental capital offers to the accountinglaw the opportunity to assert itself as a branch of law which, although specific, is none the less alive andas such, capable of evolution.
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Within-Generational Disruption of the Stress Response by Fluoxetine and Other Environmental Contaminants in ZebrafishNozari, Amin 14 April 2021 (has links)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like fluoxetine, are widely used to treat depressive disorders during pregnancy. These antidepressants reach water reservoirs through sewage treatment facilities and expose the aquatic vertebrates, including fish. It has been shown that early-life exposure to fluoxetine could disrupt the normal function of the stress axis by decreasing the level of circulating glucocorticoids in humans, rodents, and teleosts. Our lab recently showed that early life exposure to fluoxetine resulted in transgenerational hyporcortisolism and altered exploratory behaviour in adult male zebrafish and their descendant male adults for at least three generations. In the current study, we used a stress-responsive transgenic zebrafish line (SR4G) that expresses green fluorescence protein (eGFP) under the control of six consecutive glucocorticoid response elements. The effects of developmental exposure to fluoxetine on the transcriptional profiles of genes in the larval head and male adult telencephalon and hypothalamus were analysed using high throughput RNA sequencing. We also assessed the potential of eGFP mRNA to evaluate blunted stress response as an alternative to cortisol immunoassay measurements. The effects of bisphenol A, vinclozolin and fluoxetine were ytested in the SR4G line. Developmental exposure to fluoxetine resulted in a life-long dysregulation of pathways involved in nervous system development, stress response, and lipid metabolism in both larvae and adult zebrafish. Numerous differentially expressed genes in zebrafish are orthologous to genes in Homo sapiens linked the development of the major depressive disorder and epigenetics regulation and include bdnf, trkb, npas4, per1, per2, dnmt3a, adarb1, adaeb2, hdac4, hdac5, hdac8, and atf2. It is suggested that the dysregulation of the primary transcription regulators of circadian rhythm (clocka) and stress response (nr3c1), amongst others, were the potential drivers of the observed life-long effects.
Furthermore, we report on a significant positive linear correlation between cortisol levels and eGFP mRNA levels in SR4G transgenic zebrafish larvae (R2> 0.9). Random forest and logistic regression models trained by eGFP mRNA levels both correctly predicted the blunted stress response. The negative predictive value (NPV) for both models was 100%. Models based on the mRNA levels of 11 genes associated with neurogenesis, stress response and depression resulted in a similar 100% NPV. These findings provide evidence for a life-long effect of developmental exposure to fluoxetine. This study also provides a proof-of-concept for an in vivo biomonitoring assay to screen chemicals for their stress-disrupting potential.
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Does normal developmental expression of psychosis combine with environmental risk to cause persistence of psychosis? A psychosis proneness-persistence modelCougnard, Audrey, Marcelis, Machteld, Myin-Germeys, Inez, De Graaf, Ron, Vollebergh, Wilma A. M., Krabbendam, Lydia, Lieb, Roselind, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Henquet, Cécile, Spauwen, Janneke, Van Os, Jim January 2007 (has links)
Background. Research suggests that low-grade psychotic experiences in the general population are a common but transitory developmental phenomenon. Using two independent general population samples, the hypothesis was examined that common, non-clinical developmental expression of psychosis may become abnormally persistent when synergistically combined with developmental exposures that may impact on behavioural and neurotransmitter sensitization such as cannabis, trauma and urbanicity.
Method. The amount of synergism was estimated from the additive statistical interaction between baseline cannabis use, childhood trauma and urbanicity on the one hand, and baseline psychotic experiences on the other, in predicting 3-year follow-up psychotic experiences, using data from two large, longitudinal, random population samples from the Netherlands [The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)] and Germany [The Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study].
Results. The 3-year persistence rates of psychotic experiences were low at 26% in NEMESIS and 31% in EDSP. However, persistence rates were progressively higher with greater baseline number of environmental exposures in predicting follow-up psychotic experiences (χ2=6·9, df=1, p=0·009 in NEMESIS and χ2=4·2, df=1, p=0·04 in EDSP). Between 21% and 83% (NEMESIS) and 29% and 51% (EDSP) of the subjects exposed to both environmental exposures and psychotic experiences at baseline had persistence of psychotic experiences at follow-up because of the synergistic action of the two factors.
Conclusion. The findings suggest that environmental risks for psychosis act additively, and that the level of environmental risk combines synergistically with non-clinical developmental expression of psychosis to cause abnormal persistence and, eventually, need for care.
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