Zugl.: Diss.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Fine Arts, Classical Studies and Archaeology, 1999. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-326).

Univ., Diss., Oldenburg, 2008, unter dem Titel: Umfang und Struktur der nationalsozialistischen Zwangssterilisationen im Lande Oldenburg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-192).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 448-459). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2004. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 448-459).

This dissertation examines how American writers in the 1920s demonstrated the eugenic influence on motherhood through fictional representations of violent resistance. My project charts the ways in which fictional, dramatic, and cinematic texts displayed negative visualizations of maternity as a response to the early twentieth-century preoccupation with eugenics. In this project, I argue that these methods of opposition took place through actions of child abuse, maternal neglect, and infanticide. Part of this dissertation identifies eugenically motivated cultural discourse, including various forms of the media, that used both overt and subliminal messages to encourage pronatalism among the white upper and middle classes while promoting sterilization and the use of birth control for minority populations. By addressing this rhetoric, I draw attention to the pervading dialogue that influenced and shaped the texts used in the dissertation. In addition, to analyze depictions of positive and negative eugenics is to reveal a social policy powerful enough to go beyond issues of class and race and drastically impact American mothers as a united group; instead of being labeled as a problem of race, color, or class, I argue instead that these American modernist writers interpreted eugenic rhetoric as a problem of gender, common to any woman who found herself with child. While many studies exist on eugenics and literature, as well as on motherhood and literature, the combination of the two topics is one that has previously gone unanalyzed. Therefore, addressing the problems raised by this subject also highlights how both male and female writers were compelled to construct situations of subversive mothering. By situating my project in the 1920-1930 time frame, I limit my commentary to how writers approached eugenics during its most popular and influential time period in the United States. My chapters argue that these constructs of subversive motherhood appear through cinematic portrayals of dysgenic children and the negative effects on their maternal figures (The Phantom of the Opera and The Black Stork), unhappiness in the role of mother and outward expressions of anger toward the offspring in question (Edith Summers Kelley's Weeds), decisive participation in the act of abortion and infanticide (Nella Larsen's Quicksand), and daughters who refuse to participate in the act of mothering because of their negative upbringings (Edith Wharton's The Children). By incorporating the genres of fiction, drama, and cinema alongside historical and cultural documents, I inform my audience of the threatening and harmful realities of childbearing during this time period, and will show that the connection between eugenics and motherhood reflects a desire of American writers to reveal the grim repercussions of eugenic practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 8.pdf: 2232442 bytes, checksum: ce1d675226d16b33d67b403803f2b0fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Trata das idéias eugênicas no Brasil. Seu objetivo consiste em investigar a trajetória intelectual e o pensamento do médico e eugenista Renato Ferraz Kehl, entre 1917 a 1932. Analisa a um só tempo o papel desempenhado por este autor na organização do movimento eugênico brasileiro e as idéias e concepções com as quais ele e outros eugenistas nacionais se envolveram ao longo deste período.

O trabalho constitui-se de uma análise sobre o conteúdo de cunho eugenista produzido pela enfermagem brasileira e publicado em periódico nacional – a Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (REBEn), no período de 1932 a 2002. Considerando-se a dificuldade de encontrar trabalhos científicos da enfermagem sobre a configuração de novas práticas eugenistas, positivas e negativas, associadas aos avanços biogenéticos, intensificados na década de 1990, parte-se do pressuposto de que a enfermagem, desde a sua institucionalização como profissão, vinha incorporando os diferentes contornos da eugenia até o momento atual, quando as transformações em curso ainda não têm sido expressas em sua produção teórica. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que, mediante a Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade temática, teve como objetivos: identificar como vem sendo construído o conteúdo eugenista pela enfermagem; investigar bases conceituais de eugenia positiva e negativa que deram sustentação à prática da profissão. De um total de 227 fascículos publicados, analisaram-se 263 textos, compostos majoritariamente em forma de artigo (90,11%), de cunho descritivo (70,72%), produzidos por profissionais enfermeiros (60,89%), do sexo feminino (86,74%) e vinculados a escolas de enfermagem (60,22%). Verifica-se que há uma produção continuada que aborda a preocupação com a saúde e constituição das futuras gerações ao longo do período, destacando-se três ênfases na expressão do termo ‘eugenia’ na REBEn: conceituação e objetivos (1931-1951); conflitos éticos, legais e morais (1954-1976) e eugenia como um tema do início do século XX (1993-2002). Analisam-se três categorias como bases conceituais: “batalha que se impõe para o aperfeiçoamento eugênico do nosso povo”; “a responsabilidade da enfermeira, em função da vida, é direta” e “não há solução para os males sociais fora das leis da Biologia”. Elaboram-se conceitos idealizados de biotipo, sociedade, família e mulher/mãe que, a partir da construção de antinomias e sob bases biológicas, têm orientado ações eugenistas ligadas ao preparo de recursos humanos, educação em saúde e assistência, estabelecendo o que deve ser aperfeiçoado ou limitado em termos de reprodução humana. Pautando-se nos conhecimentos científicos já construídos, os quais vêm sendo gradativamente superados, e, num conceito de eugenia voltado ao controle reprodutivo, conclui-se que a enfermagem não tem sinalizado para as mudanças do conceito de eugenia e suas novas formas de intervenção ligadas às biotecnologias, o que implica na urgente incorporação dos recentes saberes biogenéticos e na reflexão sobre o seu alcance e implicações éticas, legais e morais, de forma a socializar tais avanços e resguardar os direitos humanos fundamentais em todas as atividades desenvolvidas nas áreas do ensino, pesquisa e assistência. / This paper constitutes an analysis about the eugenic content produced by Brazilian nursing which was published in national periodical – Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (REBEn), during the period of 1932 to 2002. Considering the difficulty of finding nursing scientific papers about the configuration of new eugenic practices, positives and negatives, associated to biogenetic improvements, increased during the nighties decade, we can assume that nursing, since it was estabilished as profession, had incorpored different eugenics outlines until the present moment, when the transformations in course have not been expressed in theoretical production yet. Under a qualitative approach through the Contents Analysis, thematic modality, its objectives were: to identify how eugenic content has been constructed by nursing and to investigate conceptual bases of positive and negative eugenics that gave support to nursing practice. 263 texts were analysed from 227 published magazines, in its majority in the form of article (90,11%), in descriptive form (70,72%), produced by nursing professionals (60,89%), female sex (86,74%) and related to nursing schools (60,22%). It was noticed that there is a continued production in the period that shows the preocupation with future generations health and constitution, highlighting three emphasis in the expression of ‘eugenics’ term in REBEn: concept and objectives (1932-51); ethical, legal and moral conflicts (1954-76) and eugenics as an aspect of the first decades of the XX century (1993-2002). Three categories as conceptual bases were analysed: “battle necessary for eugenic improvement of our people”; “nurse responsability, over life, is direct” and “there isn’t a solution for social evils outside Biological laws”. Some idealized concepts have been cosntructed around the biotype, society, family and woman/mother which, starting from the construction of antinomies and under biological bases, have guided eugenic actions connected to a human recourses preparation, health education and assistance, establishing what must be improved or limited around human reproduction. Guided by scientific knowledge already constructed, which have been gradually overcome, and through a eugenics concept connected to reproductive control, it is conclude that nursing have not signaled the changes in eugenics concept and its new intervention forms linked to biotechnology, which implies the urgent incorporation of the recent biogenetics knowledge and the reflexion about their extent and ethical, legal and moral implications, to socialize these advancements and to preserve the fundamental human rights in all nursing activities developed by education, investigation and assistance areas.

The following work presents the ongoing philosophical debate regarding the use of biotechnology to improve human capabilities and attempts to apply the insights drawn from these debates to the regulation of non-medical uses of reproductive technology. After presenting the criticisms towards a hardline approach that would ban all attempts to enhance humans, we evaluate various alternative frameworks and adopt a framework called Genetic Justice, which can be understood as an application of Rawlsian distributive justice to biological assets. After improving on this moral framework by incorporating various institutional considerations into it, we apply it to the evaluation of non-medical uses of a screening technique called preimplantation genetic diagnosis and propose recommendations for its regulation.