Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1910.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1910.

This thesis sets out to examine the scope for integrated knowledge based planning systems. Five planning departments in the South East Midlands of the UK have been investigated through environmental appraisal, conceptual modelling and empirical evidence gathering. The results of analyses suggest a number of configurations, which could provide reformation instruments in the context of technological innovation, social coordination and knowledge management for sustainable development. This research study provided the insights and learning into how to successfully develop and implement an integrated knowledge based planning system. The primary aspiration of this research was to develop a robust pragmatic framework to support an efficient and effective delivery of the planning system in the UK local government towards sustainable development. A mixed research methodology was employed for the research fieldwork. Firstly, an extensive review of literature took place to summarise and synthesise the arguments of the key research propositions contributing to the development of an integrated knowledge based planning system. Secondly, exploratory fieldwork took place as an appropriate methodology in this study, applying the semi-structured interview and questionnaire techniques to gather data from senior level planning officials who were directly involved in the planning system transformation. This study was initiated by examining the previous planning environment in the UK local government and its transformation from its conventional state to a contemporary emergent state. The fieldwork was carried out to identify the key supportive and preventive knowledge factors for both explicit and tacit knowledge domains. As a result, the nature of successful technology based initiatives was determined and solutions to the possible emerging challenges were appraised.

As the practice of software engineering matures, project teams are leveraging the expertise of those with a background in other disciplines such as user experience. This multidisciplinary collaboration has implications on how user experience is incorporated into the software they produce. It also has consequences for the interaction within the team. This research aims to address the implications and consequences by explaining and evaluating the impact of socio-cognitive factors and governance forms on agile user experience software teams. The objective is to support multidisciplinary agile user experience software teams in managing their interaction as a means to improving how user experience knowledge is managed. Results from a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) were that: a combination of trust and shared meaning are associated with the impediment of knowledge construction and dissemination; a combination of lead governance, trust, and shared meaning are associated with knowledge dissemination; and a combination of lead governance and shared meaning are associated with the impediment of knowledge use. Review from an expert review of the Team Interaction Framework were that there are benefits to using the framework and ways to ease it use, but also limitations and anticipated challenges to its application. The findings from this research suggest that each theoretical component of the framework is relevant, but it is unclear whether the structural dimension is useful when studying agile user experience teams given environment similarity across teams. The contributions of this research are the Team Interaction Framework as a guide to evaluating the social interaction in agile user experience teams, a method for assessing the social interaction in agile user experience teams via a Team Interaction Assessment, and lightweight practices for improving the social interaction in these teams. / Ph. D.

[pt] Esta tese se insere no campo de estudos sobre saber docente e tem como objeto de investigação especificamente o saber da experiên cia. Trata-se de tema ainda pouco explorado pela literatura especializada em que pese a contribuição no plano teórico de autores como Maurice Tardif, Claude Lessard, Clermont Gauthier, Philippe Perrenoud referências chaves em nossa pesquisa. Do ponto de vista do recorte, privilegiamos as condições de produção do saber da experiência e suas formas de manifestação inscritas na prática docente de professores de séries iniciais, de uma escola pública bem sucedida situada na cidade de Mariana, interior de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa: observação das práticas pedagógicas de oito professores tomando como lócus a sala de aula, entrevistas semidiretivas com a diretora, supervisora e doze professores além de questionário aplicado aos professores. Com a análise dos dados foi possível identificar na prática docente destes professores a manifestação de uma pluralidade de saberes com os quais os professores se relacionam de forma diferenciada. Percebemos que o saber da experiência vai ser produzido em um movimento onde o professor a partir das condições de seu trabalho articula os diferentes saberes que a prática e os anos de carreira lhe proporcionaram. Esse saber da experiência construído pelos professores se manifesta através das rotinas, improvisações e estratégias de trabalho por meio da mobilização do habitus que no aporte bourdiano representa uma gramática reguladora de práticas. Concluímos afirmando que embora o saber da experiência possa ser considerado como um tipo de saber docente, não pode ser mensurável, engarrafado ou encapsulado. Ele é composto pelo saber do quê e do como ensinar que o professor adquiriu e construiu durante a sua carreira com as condições próprias de seu trabalho. Esse saber vai se ampliando na medida em que o professor, em seu cotidiano, se depara com situações inéditas e se questiona sobre a utilização dos conhecimentos adquiridos na sua formação. A existência desse saber é reconhecida pelos professores que relatam recorrer a ele constantemente, construindo-o em suas práticas cotidianas e incrementando a sua formação e o seu trabalho. / [en] This dissertation is inserted in the subject area of teacher`s knowledge and has as investigation object specifically the experience knowledge. It is still a theme few explored by specialized literature in spite of theoretical contributions from authors as Maurice Tardif, Claude Lessard, Clermont Gauthier, Philippe Perrenoud, key references in our research. Through the focus of this research, we privileged the production conditions and manifestation forms of the experience knowledge, which take place in teachers practice from initial series, of a successful public school located in the town of Mariana, in the state of Minas Gerais. The data were collected trough the following research instruments: observation of eight teachers pedagogical practices taking as locus the classroom, semi-directive interviews with the principal, supervisor and twelve teachers besides questionnaires answered by these teachers. With the data analysis it was possible to identify in these teachers practice the manifestation of a plurality of knowledge which teachers related itself in a differentiated way. We noticed that the experience knowledge is produced in a movement where the teacher, starting from the conditions of his work, articulates different knowledge that practice and years of career have provided. This experience knowledge built by teachers reveals itself through routines, improvisations and work strategies from the habitus mobilization that represents a regulatory grammar of practices in Bourdieu`s view. We concluded affirming that, although the experience knowledge can be considered as a kind of teacher`s knowledge, it cannot be measurable, bottled or encapsulated. It is composed by the knowledge of what and how to teach, knowledge the teacher acquired and built during his career with the own conditions of his work. This knowledge enlarges as the teacher, day by day, comes across unexpected situations and questions himself about the use of the acquired knowledge in his education. The existence of that knowledge is recognized by the teachers that report they counted constantly on it, building it in their daily practices and increasing their education and working conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nilton Jose Hirota da Silva.pdf: 392168 bytes, checksum: 906830c5a7bb3c67b44970b9d60aedbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-10 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This work objectives to investigate the meaning attribute to the formation gotten in superior level through the program PEC- University formation ( UNESP, PUC-SP e USP), promoted by the Secretaria Estadual de Educação de São Paulo, during the years of 2001 and 2002, by teachers who is already working in the system publish of education in state of São Paulo. Fifteen citizens had been interviewed, descendant of diverse cities of Vale do Ribeira , formed in intermediate level at the same region, carriers of a superior teaching experience of the 15 years in average. From the ideas of Huberman about the phases of professional development and of Tardiff about the relation of the teacher with different knowledge necessary its practises, we intend to offer subsidies to rethink the continued formation. Valuing the knowledge of experience, in order to interlace theory and it practises, taking in consideration the organizational work conditions and forms of the school, including here the context, the culture, in view of the professionalization on the formative processes based in permanent collaborating researth / Este trabalho objetiva investigar o significado atribuído à formação obtida em nível superior através do programa PEC Formação Universitária (UNESP, PUC-SP e USP ) , promovido pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo, durante os anos de 2001 e 2002, por professores em exercício na rede pública estadual. Foram entrevistados 15 sujeitos oriundos de diversas cidades do Vale do Ribeira, formados em nível médio na própria região, portadores de uma experiência docente superior a quinze anos em média. A partir das idéias de Huberman sobre as fases do desenvolvimento profissional e de Tardif sobre a relação do professor com os diferentes saberes necessários a sua prática, pretendemos oferecer subsídios para se repensar a formação continuada valorizando-se o saber de experiência de modo a entrelaçar teoria e prática e levando em consideração as condições de trabalho e formas organizativas da escola, incluindo-se aqui o contexto, a cultura, tendo em vista a profissionalização dos professores pela apropriação dos processos formativos baseados em pesquisa colaborativa permanente

Die Dissertation mit dem Titel „Wissensorientiertes Management: Ein systemischer Ansatz zur Mobilisierung von Erfahrungswissen“ widmet sich dem individuellen, persönlichen Erfahrungswissen als Teil des breit und interdisziplinär diskutierten Begriffs Wissen und dessen Relevanz für ein wissensorientiertes Unternehmen. Dafür wird eine Organisationsarchitektur auf Basis einer kontemporären Managementphilosophie und unter Berücksichtigung von Social Software vorgestellt, mit deren Hilfe der Austausch und die Generierung von Erfahrungswissen für eine Unternehmung gefördert werden kann. Ziel der Dissertation ist damit die Konzeption eines organisationsweiten Managementansatzes zur Mobilisierung von Erfahrungswissen in Unternehmen. Um die zentralen Probleme des Wissensmanagements, u. a. die reduktionistische Sicht auf Wissen als explizite, objektive Größe zu vermeiden, wird ein systemischer bzw. ganzheitlicher Ansatz beim Umgang mit Wissen verfolgt. Durch die systematische Literaturanalyse zu den Themen Erfahrungswissen und Wissensmanagement kommt die Arbeit zur Empfehlung, ein wissensorientiertes Management für die Mobilisierung von Erfahrungswissen als holistisches Gesamtkonzept in Unternehmen zu etablieren. Im Rahmen einer modelltheoretischen Analyse werden 14 Anforderungen an die Mobilisierung von Erfahrungswissen erhoben, drei Wissensmanagement-Modelle ausgewählt und detailliert auf ihre Eignung für die Mobilisierung von Erfahrungswissen geprüft und aus den Erkenntnissen mit dem IDEA Modell ein eigener Ansatz zur Beschreibung der komplexen Wirkzusammenhänge (Momente) und als strukturierender Ordnungsrahmen vorgestellt. Ausgehend von den technischen, soziokulturellen und organisationalen Prinzipien von Social Software wird deren potenzieller Beitrag zur Stärkung von sozialer Interaktion und Partizipation herausgestellt und für den angestrebten systemischen Managementansatz für die Wissensmobilisierung in Unternehmen eine Enterprise 2.0 Architektur als Ordnungsrahmen entworfen und hinsichtlich der Einflussfaktoren und Herausforderungen an die Umsetzung detailliert.:1 Einführung 10 1.1 Ausgangssituation 11 1.1.1 Vorbemerkung 11 1.1.2 Problemstellung 15 1.2 Zielstellung und Schwerpunkt 17 1.3 Forschungsdesign 20 1.4 Aufbau der Arbeit 23 2 Erfahrungswissen 27 2.1 Vom Wissen zum Erfahrungswissen 29 2.2 Bedeutung von Erfahrungswissen 34 2.2.1 Erfahrungswissen in der technisierten Arbeitswelt 35 2.2.2 Ökonomische Bedeutung von Erfahrungswissen 38 2.2.3 Erfahrungswissen als Residualkategorie allen praktischen Handelns 39 2.3 Betrachtungsdimensionen Prozess vs. Zustand 42 2.3.1 Erfahrung-Machen als Prozess 44 2.3.2 Erfahrung-Besitzen als Zustand 49 2.3.2.1 Erfahrungswissen als Ergebnis 49 2.3.2.2 Erfahrungswissen als Ressource 51 2.3.3 Abgeleitete Eigenschaften von Erfahrungswissen 53 2.4 Erscheinungsformen von Erfahrungswissen 57 2.4.1 Tiefendimension von Erfahrungswissen 57 2.4.2 Erfahrungswissen als Expertise 64 2.5 Zusammenfassung 71 2.5.1 Merkmale von Erfahrungswissen 72 2.5.2 Eine Arbeitsdefinition zum Erfahrungswissen 74 3 Management von und für Wissen 76 3.1 Einführung zum Wissensmanagement 77 3.1.1 Resource-based View 78 3.1.2 Knowledge-based View 80 3.2 Entwicklungslinien und Ansätze im Wissensmanagement 84 3.2.1 Entwicklungsgeschichte von Wissensmanagement 84 3.2.2 Ansätze von Wissensmanagement 87 3.2.2.1 Generationen im Wissensmanagement 90 3.2.2.2 Ganzheitliche und problemorientierte Ansätze 92 3.2.2.3 Technik- und humanorientierte Ansätze 93 3.2.2.4 ‚Hard Track’ und ‚Soft Track’ Ansätze 96 3.3 Vom Wissensmanagement zum wissensorientierten Management 98 3.3.1 Neue Systematisierung von ganzheitlichem Wissensmanagement 98 3.3.2 Kritische Anmerkungen zum Managen von Wissen 105 3.3.3 Management von kontext- und personenabhängigem Erfahrungswissen 108 3.3.3.1 Umgang mit Expertise im Wissensmanagement 109 3.3.3.2 Vom exzessivem zum selektiven Wissensmanagement 114 3.3.4 Wissensorientiertes Management für Erfahrungswissen 116 3.4 Zusammenfassung und Fazit 120 4 Modell-theoretischer Ansatz für die Mobilisierung von Erfahrungswissen 122 4.1 Anforderungserhebung 123 4.1.1 Betrachtungsgegenstand Erfahrungswissen 124 4.1.2 Betrachtungsgegenstand Management von und für Wissen 126 4.2 Analyse etablierter Wissensmanagement-Modelle 128 4.2.1 Grazer Metamodell des Wissensmanagements 129 4.2.2 Theorie der Wissensschaffung im Unternehmen (SECI) 133 4.2.3 Ba-Konzept 137 4.2.4 Sense-Making-Model Cynefin 140 4.2.5 Kritische Würdigung und Implikationen 145 4.3 IDEA: Ein Modell zur Mobilisierung von Erfahrungswissen 153 4.3.1 Grundverständnis IDEA 153 4.3.1.1 Interaktion 155 4.3.1.2 Dokumentation 156 4.3.1.3 Evolution 157 4.3.1.4 Adoption 158 4.3.1.5 Gesamtkontext IDEA 159 4.3.2 Anwendungsszenario: Wissensmobilisierung durch IDEA 161 4.4 Zusammenfassung und Interpretation 166 5 Umsetzungskonzept 170 5.1 Voraussetzungen 171 5.1.1 Bisheriger Weg 171 5.1.2 Gestaltungskomponenten im OSTO Systemmodell 175 5.2 Social Software – Technische Dimension 179 5.2.1 Klassifizierung von Social Software 180 5.2.1.1 Social Software und Groupware 180 5.2.1.2 Akronym SLATES 182 5.2.1.3 Social Software Dreieck 183 5.2.2 Anwendungskategorie Wikis 184 5.2.2.1 Spezifika von Wikis 184 5.2.2.2 Wikis im wissensorientierten Management 185 5.2.3 Anwendungskategorie Weblogs 187 5.2.3.1 Spezifika von Weblogs 187 5.2.3.2 Weblogs im wissensorientierten Management 188 5.2.4 Anwendungskategorie Social Network Services 191 5.2.4.1 Spezifika von Social Network Services 191 5.2.4.2 Social Network Services im wissensorientierten Management 194 5.2.5 Wissenstransfer mit Social Software 196 5.3 Social Software - Soziokulturelle und organisationale Aspekte 198 5.3.1 Das Interaktionsstufen-Konzept aus der CSCW-Forschung 199 5.3.2 Web 2.0 – Prinzipien 202 5.3.3 Unternehmens- und Wissenskultur 208 5.3.4 Zwischenfazit 212 5.4 Enterprise 2.0 – eine Architektur zum Transfer von Erfahrungswissen 214 5.4.1 Enterprise 2.0 214 5.4.2 Enterprise 2.0-Architektur 217 5.4.2.1 Empirisch-qualitative Befragung zum Enterprise 2.0 218 5.4.2.1.1 Methodische Grundlagen 219 5.4.2.1.2 Planung und Durchführung der Delphi-Befragungen 221 5.4.2.1.3 Befragungsergebnisse 224 5.4.2.2 Gestaltungskomponenten, Einflussfaktoren und Herausforderungen im Enterprise 2.0 229 5.5 Zusammenfassung 236 6 Interpretation der Forschungsergebnisse und Ausblick 239 6.1 Würdigung der Ergebnisse 240 6.2 Anwendung der Enterprise 2.0-Organisationsarchitektur 247 6.3 Zukünftiges Forschungspotenzial 252 6.4 Schlusswort 256 Literatur VI A. Anhang XXXII