This diploma thesis deals with a steel construction of crab frame of ladle crane with lifting capacity of 120 and 40 tons and maximum lifting height of 21 meters. The aim of the work is analysis and assessment of the support frame of crane with a load of fatigue according to ČSN 27 0103/89. For this analysis is used thin shell and beam model. The diploma thesis was developed in cooperation with the Královopolska a.s. company.

This master’s thesis deals with the design of the carrying frame of a lift cage with lift capacity of 675 kg. It’s main content is follow up strength analysis by Finite elements method (FEM). Thesis also contains the calculation of counterweight mass. Further is performed the calculation of the guide anchoring instituted for this steel structure and the strength analysis of the used guides according to norm ČSN EN 81-1. The thesis also includes the drawing of the carrying frame of the lift cage. Master’s thesis was carried out in co-operation with the LIFTMONT CZ company, Ltd.

This diploma thesis deals with the assessment of drafted steel construction of overhead travelling crane by using finite element method. The crane’s lifting capacity is 125t/32t. It is going to be placed in hall of Slovácké strojírny, a. s. in Uherský Brod. Span of the crane is 25.8 meters, wheelbase is 6.7 meters and lifting height is 17 meters. My work contains analysis and assessment of crane construction with a load of fatigue according to ČSN 27 0103.

This master’s thesis deals with strength analysis rear frame of forwarder LVS 520 and propose modifications of this frame. The main part of this work is strength analysis of the supporting frame of the original construction by the help of the finite elements method. Further the design of suitable structural modifications and strength analysis of the modified construction of frame. This master’s thesis has been prepared with Strojírna Novotný s.r.o. company cooperation.

Master’s thesis deals with application of new suspension means for personal elevator instead of conventional steel wire rope includes calculation of traction. Followed by assessment of passive resistance generated by guiding elevator on guide rails and caused by various locations of suspension and guiding (car guide rails). In the last part of thesis contains a strength analysis of car frame by Finite elements method (FEM) in programme NX I-deas.

The theme of this thesis is to create a conceptual study of the tunnel on high speed railway. Selection of suitable cross section and tunnelling method with considering of geological conditions of the site. Design of primary support and technological process of construction.

This thesis deals with bolted steel tanks, especially modification one of them. This modification is realized in cooperation with Kohimex spol. s r.o., which is assembling theese tanks for many years. The thesis continues on the bachelor one called "ASSEMBLED STEEL TANKS", which has already dealt with this issue. At the beginning of the thesis the issue of tanks is explained. Furthermore, there is made description of the tank modification details. At the next stage, the work presents stress-strain states of the tank, first for the current tank and then for the modified option. On the basis of completed analysis is made economic evaluation of design modified tank option due to the current tank. The results of this study allow better issue understanding of bolted tanks designing or they give impuls to improve the current way of designing.

Les travaux présentés s’intéressent à la réponse vibratoire et au champ acoustique émis par une structure immergée et excitée par une couche limite turbulente, dans le domaine des bas nombres d’ondes et pour un nombre de Mach faible. Ce travail s’inscrit dans la problématique d’amélioration de laprédiction du bruit rayonné dans ce type de configurations, et peut trouver son application à la discrétion acoustique des navires, ou à la caractérisation du bruit rayonné par des structures externes excitées par un écoulement.Numériquement, une analyse modale de la réponse de la structure en formulation (u,p,φ) est réalisée à l’aide du code élément finis Code_Aster. L’excitation est modélisée par une somme d’ondes planes de pression dont la densité spectrale est obtenue à partir des modèles d’excitation pariétale disponibles dans la littérature. Une analyse harmonique sur base modale est réalisée pour chaque cas de chargement.Cette approche permet la prise en compte du couplage fluide-structure dans le cas d’un fluide lourd et présente l’avantage de s’affranchir des hypothèses généralement faites, de fluide léger et d’orthogonalité des déformées modales.Les résultats issus de la modélisation numérique sont comparés à des données expérimentales, concernant le comportement vibratoire d’un dispositif constitué d’une plaque plane excitée par un écoulement généré en tunnel hydrodynamique. Les résultats numériques et expérimentaux observés sont proches,qu’il s’agisse du comportement global, du niveau spectral moyen en déplacement ou du niveau de pression acoustique mesuré. En complément, l’influence de défauts, constitués de marche montantes et descendantes de hauteur inférieure à l’épaisseur de la couche limite, sur l’excitation et la réponse de la structure est explorée expérimentalement. / The following work consist in the study of the vibroacoustic response of a structure submerged in fluid, under a turbulent boundary layer flow, the response of the structure is driven by the low wavenumber behaviour, for a small Mach number. This work aims at providing better means of predicting the noise radiated in such setups, mainly regarding stealthiness of ships and submarines and noise radiated by outer structures.A numerical modal analysis based on the (u,p,φ) formulation available in the finite element software Code_Aster is performed. The pressure induced by the boudary layer is then described as a sum of plane waves and several harmonical analysis are performed on the reduced problem, projected on the (u,p,φ) modal basis, one for each term of the sum. This allows us to account for the fluid-structure interaction (inertial and acoustic) in confined and infinite fluid domains. Most numerical models found in scientific papers are making the assumption of a light fluid, or a fluid loaded plate, thus not taking clearly into account the fluid-strucure interaction or only the inertialpart. Here the interaction due to the acoustic field radiated by the plate is fully accounted for.The validity of the proposed numerical method is assesed and numerical results are compared to data obtained from an experimental setup used within a hydrodynamic tunnel. Numerically, a good reproduction of the behaviour of the plate is obtained, both in terms of displacement and spectral levels. The acoustic levels are also compared to their numerical counterparts at the position of the transducer. Moreover, an experimantal analysis is performed, for backward and forward steps of height smaller than the thickness of the boundary layer, in order to investigate the influence of such configurations on the boundary layer excitation and on the vibroacoustic response.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] La capacidad de controlar y modificar los haces de energía ha sido motivo de investigación por parte de la comunidad científica desde largo tiempo atrás. En el campo de la acústica, este control energético de las ondas mecánicas tiene numerosas aplicaciones. Desde las aplicaciones industriales, alimentarias, farmacéuticas, etcétera hasta la biomedicina. Esta tesis se basa en la aplicación del control y modulación focal de los ultrasonidos para el uso en este último campo. Se puede modular y controlar los focos de ultrasonidos de diferentes formas. En este caso, se han desarrollado lentes planas que utilizan el principio de la difracción para lograr focalizar los haces. Las ventajas del uso de lentes planas de focalización permiten ser implementadas de forma sencilla en procesos de mecanización e incluso mediante impresión 3D. Se propone utilizar transductores planos que al emitir sobre una lente acústica, se produzca una conformación focal de características controladas. La lente conocida como lente de Fresnel (FZP) ha sido escogida como base de diseño en la implementación de las diferentes soluciones que logran cumplir con los objetivos marcados. Mediante la aplicación de modificaciones en una FZP se puede lograr pasar de una lente con capacidades extraordinarias de focalización a una lente capaz de controlar la resolución lateral y la profundidad de foco e incluso mejorar la ganancia. El objetivo final de aplicación es el uso en transductores de ultrasonidos de alta intensidad conocidos como HIFU. Mejorar la capacidad de resolución hace que se puedan desarrollar mejores terapias oncológicas que supongan un índice mayor de éxito en la lucha contra el cáncer. En la presente tesis se ha propuesto, además, una novedosa lente FZP basada en el cambio de fase que puede resultar un antes y un después en aplicaciones biomédicas. Se ha conseguido no solo mejorar la eficiencia de una FZP, sino que se ha conseguido implementar en materiales compatibles con resonancia magnética. Se han desarrollado modelos numéricos basados en el método de los elementos finitos que emulan la física involucrada. Las medidas han sido realizadas en condiciones controladas por un sistema robotizado de alta precisión. Todos los resultados obtenidos y publicados han sido desarrollados de forma numérica y experimental, validándose el método de trabajo y dando consistencia a las soluciones propuestas. / [CA] La capacitat de controlar i modificar els feixos d'energia ha sigut motiu d'investigació per part de la comunitat científica des de llarg temps arrere. En el camp de l'acústica, este control energètic de les ones mecàniques té nombroses aplicacions. Des de les aplicacions industrials, alimentàries, farmacèutiques, etcètera fins la biomedicina. Esta tesi es basa en l'aplicació del control i modulació focal dels ultrasons per a l'ús en este últim camp. Es pot modular i controlar els focus d'ultrasons de diferents formes. En este cas, s'han desenvolupat lents planes que utilitzen el principi de la difracció per a aconseguir focalitzar els feixos. Els avantatges de l'ús de lents planes de focalització permeten ser implementades de forma senzilla en processos de mecanització i inclús per mitjà d'impressió 3D. Es proposa utilitzar transductores plans que a l'emetre sobre una lent acústica, es produïsca una conformació focal de característiques controlades. La lent coneguda com a lent de Fresnel (FZP) ha sigut triada com a base de disseny en la implementació de les diferents solucions que aconseguixen complir amb els objectius marcats. Per mitjà de l'aplicació de modificacions en una FZP es pot aconseguir passar d'una lent amb capacitats extraordinàries de focalització a una lent capaç de controlar la resolució lateral i la profunditat de focus i inclús millorar el guany. L'objectiu final d'aplicació és l'ús en transductores d'ultrasons d'alta intensitat coneguts com HIFU. Millorar la capacitat de resolució fa que es puguen desenvolupar millors teràpies oncològiques que suposen un índex major d'èxit en la lluita contra el càncer. En la present tesi s'ha proposat, a més, una nova lent FZP basada en el canvi de fase que pot resultar un abans i un després en aplicacions biomèdiques. S'ha aconseguit no sols millorar l'eficiència d'una FZP, sinó que s'ha aconseguit implementar en materials compatibles amb ressonància magnètica. S'han desenvolupat models numèrics basats en el mètode dels elements finits que emulen la física involucrada. Les mesures han sigut realitzades en condicions controlades per un sistema robotitzat d'alta precisió. Tots els resultats obtinguts i publicats han sigut desenvolupats de forma numèrica i experimental, validant-se el mètode de treball i donant consistència a les solucions proposades. / [EN] The ability to control and modify energy beams has been the subject of research by the scientific community for a long time. In the acoustic field, this energetic control of mechanical waves has numerous applications. From industrial, food, pharmaceutical applications, et cetera, to biomedicine. This thesis is based on the ultrasound control and focal modulation applications. It is possible to modulate and control the ultrasound focii in different ways. In this case, flat lenses were developed based on the principle of diffraction to focus the beams. The advantages of using flat focusing lenses allow them to be easily implemented in machining and drilling processes and even through 3D printing. It was proposed to use planar transducers that when emitting on an acoustic lens, controlled characteristics of focal conformation were produced. The lens known as Fresnel Zone Plane (FZP) was chosen as the implementation design basis for the different solutions that manage to fulfill the objectives set. By applying modifications to an FZP it was possible to go from a lens with extraordinary focusing capabilities to a lens that was capable to control lateral resolution, depth of focus and even improving the gain. The final objective application was the use in high intensity ultrasound transducers known as HIFU. Improving the ability to resolve makes it possible to develop better cancer therapies that represent a higher rate of success in the fight against cancer. In the present thesis, a novel FZP lens based on phase change has also been proposed that can be a before and after in biomedical applications. It has not only been possible to improve the efficiency of an FZP, but it has also been possible to implement it in materials compatible with magnetic resonance imaging. Numerical models based on the finite element method were developed for emulating the involved physics. Measurements were carried out under controlled conditions by a high precision robotic system. All the results obtained and published were developed numerically and experimentally, validating the working method and giving consistency to the proposed solutions. / I want to acknowledge the following public funding sources that have made possible this research: Grant BES-2016-077133 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España) Project TEC2015-70939-R (MINECO/FEDER). Tomsk Polytechnic University within the framework of Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program. / Tarrazó Serrano, D. (2020). Design, modelling, characterization and implementation of acoustic lenses for modulation of ultrasound beams [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/159895 / TESIS / Compendio

O objetivo do presente trabalho é o desenvolvimento de formulações e de códigos computacionais que possibilitem a análise bidimensional estática de meios contínuos anisotrópicos viscoplásticos reforçados ou não por fibras. Especificamente, as análises numéricas envolvem aplicações dos métodos dos elementos de contorno (MEC) e dos elementos finitos (MEF), comparando-se os resultados obtidos com respostas analíticas e experimentais, disponíveis na literatura, buscando-se assim, subsídios teóricos que permitam o entendimento de problemas mais gerais envolvendo meios anisotrópicos. Para tanto são empregados elementos finitos triangulares com aproximações cúbica e quadrática para os deslocamentos na modelagem dos domínios. Na consideração do reforço com fibras, elementos finitos de barras simples são empregados. A formulação desenvolvida proporciona também a consideração de distribuição randômica das fibras imersas no meio sem qualquer aumento dos graus de liberdade do problema analisado, diferindo-se assim, das formulações conhecidas até o momento. Com o MEC, a análise de plasticidade e viscoplasticidade em meios com anisotropia geral é feita de maneira original no trabalho, destacando-se a consideração de lei de fluxo plástico não-associativa e o tratamento de viscosidade apenas com integrais de contorno, sem a utilização de aproximações de domínio. Uma quantidade significativa de exemplos é apresentada, possibilitando a verificação da eficiência das formulações e dos códigos desenvolvidos / The objective of the present work is the development of formulations and computational codes that enable the static bidimensional analysis of the viscoplastic anisotropic medias reinforced, or not, by fibers. Specifically, the numerical analysis involve applications of the boundary elements method (BEM) and finite elements (FEM), comparing the results obtained with analytical and experimental solutions available in the literature, allowing the understanding of general problems in anisotropic media. Two-dimensional finite elements with cubic and quadrate approximations for the displacements are used to model domains. Reinforcements are modeled by truss finite elements. The developed formulation provides the consideration of random distribution of the fibers, without any additional degree of freedom of the problem. With the BEM, the plasticity and viscoplasticity analysis in general anisotropic medias is originally developed in the present work, emphasizing the consideration of non-associative plastic flow and the treatment of viscosity just with boundary integrals, without domain approximation. Various examples are shown in order to verify the efficiency of the proposed formulation and developed computational codes