Šiame darbe projektuojamas statybinių medžiagų centras, Šiauliuose, Metalistų gatvėje, su prekybinėmis patalpomis, sandėliu bei buitinėmis – adminitracinėmis patalpomis. Aprašomas sklypo planas, pastato patalpų išplanavimas, kontrukciniai sprendimai bei inžineriniai tinklai. Suprojektuota 18 m metalinė santvara SN-18, parinkta 5,6 m ilgio dvitėjo profilio sija SI-5.6, suprojektuota 5,94 m ilgio gelžbetoninė perdangos plokštė PP 594-120-22. Sudaryta perdangų montavimo technologin÷ kortelė, perdangų montavimui parinktas automobilinis kranas. Sudaryti pagrindinių konstrukcijų darbų kiekių žiniaraščiai ir pagal juos sudaryta lokalinė sąmata. Paskaičiuoti administracinių – buitinių patalpų šilumos laidumo koeficientai, šilumos nuostoliai. Pagal šiuos apskaičiuotus duomenis parinkti šildymo prietaisai. / In this work, there is a centre of building materials that is being designed in Siauliai, Metalistu Street. It consists of trading rooms, warehouse and domestic – administrative rooms. Description of the plan of the plot, layout of rooms, construction decisions and engineering networks. Designed 18 m metallic truss SN-18, selected 5,6 m length HEA-beam SI-5.6, designed 5,94 m length reinforced floor slab PP 594-120-22. Made out of floors installation technological card, for floors installing selected truck crane. Formed sheets of quantity of main constructial workings and accordingly formed local estimation. calculated administrative – domestic rooms heat-transferring coefficient, heat ranges. According to the calculated data, heating devices were chosen.

Šiame bakalauro baigiamajame darbe suprojektuotas prekybos centras "PRISMA", kurį numatyta statyti Pakruojo mieste esančiame sklype.Pirmoje dalyje aprašoma pastato sklypo planas, pastato charakteristika, jo konstrukciniai sprendimai, bei inţineriniai tinklai. Taip pat pateikti atitvarų šilumos perdavimo koeficiento skaičiavimai. Konstrukcinėje dalyje suprojektuota surenkama gelţbetoninės perdangos plokštė, metalinės sijos 12 m ir 6m ir viena pasirinkta gelţbetoninės kolona. Technologinėje dalyje pateikiama gelţbetoninių kolonų montavimo technologinė kortelė. Aprašomas mechanizmų parinkimas. Kolonų montavimo kokybės kontrolės reikalavimai, taip pat pagrindiniai saugumo technikos reikalavimai. Brėţiniuose pateikti darbų ir darbininkų pareikalavimo grafikai. Ekonominėje dalyje pateikti darbų kiekių ţiniaraščiai ir pagal juos parengta Pastato lokalinė sąmata su mechanizmų ir medţiagų ţiniaraščiais. / In this final bachelor work there is the designed shopping centre "PRISMA", which is foreseen to be constructed in the free plot of Pakruojis.First part consists of brief description of the plan of the plot, building characteristics, its construction solutions and engineering networks. In addition, there are calculationsof coefficients of heat-transferring walls. In the constructions part, there is a designed collectable reinforced floor slab, 12 m and 6 m metallic beams and one chosen reinforced column. In the technological part, there is given a card of reinforced columns estimations. Selection of mechanisms is also descripted. What is more, it consists of requirements of column construction’s quality control and main technical safety. Throughout the drawings there are demand graphs of works and workers. Economical part consists of sheets with quantity of works, and accordingly prepared local estimate of building with sheets of mechanisms and materials.

Šiame darbe projektuojamas viešbutis numatomas statyti, Radviliškio r., Baisogalos miestelyje, R. Žebenkos gatvėje, su konferencijų sale ketvirtame aukšte, restoranu pirmame aukšte, gyvenamaisiais kambariais, apželdintu stogu - terasa virš trečio aukšto denginio, liftu ir pagalbinėmis patalpomis. Aprašomas sklypo planas, pastato patalpų išplanavimas, konstrukciniai sprendimai, bei inžineriniai tinklai. Suprojektuota 14,7 m metalinė santvara SN-147, suprojektuota 12 m ilgio, 2 m pločio monolitinė gelžbetoninė perdangos plokštė, ir suprojektuota kiaurymėta nepertraukto formavimo gelžbetoninė perdanga PK640-120-26,5. Sudaryta eksploatuojamo apželdinto stogo įrengimo technologinė kortelė, perdangų, santvarų montavimui ir kitų medžiagų tiekimui parinktas ratinis kranas DEMAG AG 155. Nuo pamatų iki dalinės vidaus apdailos sudaryti darbų kiekių žiniaraščiai ir pagal juos sudaryta lokalinė sąmata. / The hotel designed in this thesis is projected to be built in Radviliškis district, Baisiogala town, R. Žebenkos Street; it includes a conference hall in the fourth floor, a restaurant in the ground floor, guest rooms, a terraced roof over the third floor roofing, an elevator and the utility rooms. It describes the plan of the plot, the layout of the premises, the structural solutions, and the engineering networks. Designed a steel truss SN-147 of 14.7 m, designed a monolithic reinforced concrete floor slab of 12 metres long and 2 metres width, designed a reinforced concrete slab of a hollow core continuous formation PK640-120-26.5. Made a technological card for setting the terraced roof, a truck crane DEMAG AG 155 was chosen for assembling slabs and trusses and providing other materials. The sheets for the amount of work from the base to the partial interior finishing were formed and according to them, the local estimate was given.

In the seismic design of reinforced concrete frames, plastic hinges are allocated to beams such that a ductile beam-sway mechanism will form in preference to other less ductile mechanisms in the event of a major earthquake. This is achieved by ensuring that the flexural strength of columns is greater than that corresponding to the maximum likely flexural strength of beam plastic hinges. Recent experimental studies in New Zealand have shown that elongation of ductile beam plastic hinges, and its interaction with nearby floor slab containing precast-prestressed floor units, increases the strength of beams much more than that specified in New Zealand and American Concrete standards. This level of strength enhancement has raised concern on the adequacy of the current design provisions. To further investigate this problem, a research project was initiated to examine the strength of beam plastic hinges in reinforced concrete frames containing precast-prestressed floor units. In this research, the strength of beam plastic hinges was assessed through experimental and analytical studies. A three-dimensional, one-storey, two-bay reinforced concrete moment resisting frame with prestressed floor units and cast-in-situ concrete topping was tested under quasi-static displacement-controlled cyclic loading. The experimental results provided insight into the mechanics associated with frame-floor interaction. Subsequently, improved design specifications were proposed based on the observed behaviour. To analytically predict the beam-floor interaction, a ductile reinforced concrete plastic hinge multi-spring element was developed and validated with experimental results from cantilever beam and frame sub-assembly tests reported in the literature. The comparisons have demonstrated the ability of the proposed plastic hinge element to predict the flexural, shear, axial, and most importantly, elongation response of ductile plastic hinges. The proposed plastic hinge element was implemented into an analytical model to simulate the behaviour of the frame-floor sub-assembly tested in this research. Specially arranged truss-like elements were used to model the linking slab (the region connecting the main beam to the first prestressed floor unit), where significant inelastic behaviour was expected to occur. The analytical model was found to be capable of predicting the non-linear hysteretic response and the main deformation mechanisms in the frame-floor sub-assembly test. The analytical frame-floor model developed in this study was used to examine the effect of different structural arrangements on the cyclic behaviour of frames containing prestressed floor units. These analyses indicated that slab reinforcement content, the number of bays in a frame and the position of frame in a building (i.e., perimeter or internal frame) can have a significant influence on the strength and elongation response of plastic hinges.

No description available.

Although the available literature mentions a variety of anthropometric performance determinants for gymnastics, no one has until now made an attempt to determine the performance determinants of more advanced, young, South African (SA), female gymnasts. The purposes of this study were, therefore, firstly to determine the anthropometric variables that differ significantly @ 5 0,05) between successful and less successful young, SA, female gymnasts in the vault and floor item and secondly, to determine the anthropometric variables that contribute to the performance of young, SA, female gymnasts in the vault and floor item. Twelve young, female gymnasts (13,39 f 2,14 years) from a gymnastics club in the North-West Province of South Africa participated in this study. Only gymnasts who participated at level 6-9 and junior as well as senior olynlpic level were selected to participate in this study. Sixty one anthropometric variables were measured on the dominant side of the body according to the methods of Norton et al. (1996). Firstly, the descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) of the gymnastics population were calculated. This was followed by an analysis which intended to arrange the gymnasts in a ranking order according to the vault and floor performances (marks) that were reached during the South African Gymnastics Championships. Due to differences in the participation level, data was normalised by making use of correction factors. Independent t-tests and effect sizes revealed that the gymnasts who obtained the highest marks (top 5) during the execution of the vault and floor item during the South African Gymnastics Championships had statistical and practical significantly (p 5 0,05) larger relaxed and flexed upper arm, wrist and ankle circumferences as well as mesomorph values than the less successful gymnasts. The cluster analysis-reduced variables were used to perform a forward, stepwise multiple regression analysis which showed that flexed upper arm (53,93%) and chest circumference (3,6996); midstillion dactillion (12,38%), trochanterion-tibia1 lateral (5,77%) and foot length (1 1,50%); fat percentage (8,93%), ectomorphy (l,96%), bideltoied breadth (1,54%), triceps skinfold (0,23%) and iliospinal box height (0,07%) contributed 100% to the variance in gymnasts' vault performances. Bi-trochanterion- (34,86%), femur- (17,07%) and bi-deltoied breadth (4,93%); front thigh skinfold (19,71%); fat percentage (7,68%); acromial-radial (4,09%) and foot length (0,05%) as well as waist- (6,68%), chest- (2,92%) and gluteal thigh circumference (2;02%) were the anthropometric variables which contributed 100% to the variance in gymnasts' floor performances. Flexed upper arm circumference, fat percentage, ectomorphy, iliospinal box height and bitrochanterion and femur breadth as well as gluteal thigh circumference and foot length were, however, the only anthropometric variables which contributed significantly to gymnasts' vault and floor performances, respectively. The conclusion that can, therefore, be drawn is that larger upper arm and upper body circumferences; hand, foot, upper and total leg lengths; triceps skinfolds, fat percentages and ectomorphy as well as larger limb and torso circumferences; waist breadths; fat percentages and front thigh skinfolds as well as upper arm and foot lengths are the respective, important anthropometric vaulting and floor performance determinants for young, South African, female gymnasts and should be included in the sport scientific testing protocols of gymnasts. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Ancient basin-floor strata are exceptionally well exposed in the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup in the southern Canadian Cordillera. Data from the Castle Creek outcrop, where strata of the upper Kaza Group crop out, and the Mt. Quanstrom outcrop, where the middle Kaza is exposed, form the main dataset for this study. The aim of this study is to describe and interpret the strata starting at the bed scale, followed by stratal element scale, lobe scale and ultimately fan scale. Strata of the Kaza Group comprise six sedimentary facies representing deposition from a variety of fluid and cohesive sediment gravity flows. These, in turn, populate seven stratal elements that are defined by their basal contact, cross-sectional geometry and internal facies distribution. The lithological characteristics of stratal elements vary little from proximal to more distal settings, but their relative abundance and stacking pattern do, which, then, forms the basis for modeling the internal architecture of lobes. Lobes typically comprise an assemblage of stratal elements, which then are systematically and predictably arranged in both space (along a single depositional transect) and time (stratigraphically upward). Lobes typically became initiated by channel avulsion. In the proximal part of the system scours up to several meters deep, several tens of meters wide are interpreted to have formed by erosion downflow of the avulsion node. Erosion also charged the flow with fine-grained sediment and on the lateral margins and downflow avulsion splays were deposited. Later flows then exploited the basin-floor topography and on the proximal basin-floor carved a feeder channel, which then fed a downflow depositional lobe. At the mouths of feeder channels flows became dispersed through a network of distributary channels that further downflow shallow and widen until eventually merging laterally in sandstone-rich terminal splays. During the lifespan of a single lobe the feeder channel remains fixed, but the distributary channel network and its associated terminal splays wander, causing them to stack and be intercalated laterally and vertically. Eventually an upstream avulsion terminates local sediment supply, causing a new lobe to be initiated elsewhere on the fan, and the process repeats.

Solar assisted single-stage absorption heat pump (AHP) was used to supply energy to a floor-heating system by using the exergy methods. An existing duplex-house,in Ankara, with a heating load of 25.5 kW was analysed. Heating loads of the spaces in the building were calculated and a floor heating panel was modelled for each space leading to the capacity of the AHP before it was designed. Solar energy was delivered to the evaporator and high temperature heat input delivered to the genarator are met by auxiliary units operating with natural gas.The solar energy gained by flat-plate collectors was circulated through AHP.The anaysis performed according to the storage tank temperature reference value if the water temperature leaving the storage tank exceeds a predetermined value it is directly circulated through the floor heating system. Exergue analysis were carried out with Mathcad program. Exergy analysis showed that irreversibility have an impact on absorption system performance.This study indicated which components in the system need to be improved thermally.A design procedure has been applied to a water-lithium-bromide absorption heat pump cycle and an optimisation procedure that consists of determinig the enthalpy, entropy ,exergy, temperature, mass flow rate in each component and coeficient of performance and exergetic coefficient of performance has been performed and tabulated.

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the relationships between pregnancy, childbirth and incontinence (both urinary and faecal) and the effect of preventive activities during pregnancy on continence. Two papers comprise this thesis. The first paper, a scoping review, focused on examination of how pregnancy and childbirth affect continence in nulliparous women. Several key considerations were identified from the published literature that we suggest are crucial to understanding these relationships. The second paper, a systematic review, is focused on the effect of preventive measures during pregnancy on continence. Pelvic floor muscle training was found to be effective in reducing the incidence of incontinence at 3 months postpartum. Few studies met our inclusion criteria thus limiting analysis of data. Based on these two papers, further prospective research is suggested. The final chapter of this thesis outlines a developing PhD project that addresses gaps identified through the scoping and systematic reviews.

Laminate flooring manufacturers have received negative feedback from customers on the sound quality of laminate flooring installations. Customers express a preference for the sound of traditional hardwood floors over that of laminate flooring composites. Consumers notice a difference between the sounds created by a footfall between laminate flooring and hardwood flooring. They perceive the laminate flooring sound of a footfall to be annoying and associate it to the flooring being of a lower quality. No objective test procedure exists to validate the marketing claims of the performance of these products. The objective of the work in this thesis is to develop a test method that evaluates the human perception of the sound quality of footfall noise on laminate flooring composites.