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Background: Globalization and remote work following COVID-19 have boosted the tourism profiles of lifestyle travelers. Especially digital nomads, individuals that work remotely while traveling. These arising tourists contrast with the mass tourism industry, in the sense that digital nomads stay longer and may engage with local culture. However, digital nomads have shown mass tourism behaviors, causing negative effects on destinations. Purpose: Digital nomadism has an impact on destinations, either positive or negative. In the case of negative effects, alienation and gentrification often occur within the destination. The literature neglects to elaborate on the negative effects of digital nomadism and, most importantly, ignores to provide solutions to mitigate them. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify practices that build bridges between digital nomads and destinations and mitigate alienation and gentrification. Finally, it is expected to help all stakeholders involved to make the movement more sustainable. Method: To gather insights on practices in destinations, we follow the qualitative approach of ethnography, which allows us as researchers to immerse ourselves in the destinations and deeply understand stakeholders' practices and strengthen our findings with our own experiences. In the form of a multiple case study, we decided to travel to different destinations in Malaysia and Colombia to collect insights on the ground. There, we followed a triangulation of evidence and collected data by experiencing ourselves as digital nomads, conducting interviews, and recording vlogs. iConclusion: To mitigate the negative effects of digital nomads, bundled practices can be undertaken. Regularly those practices are based on interaction among stakeholders, where locals, related businesses, and digital nomads collaborate, network, exchange knowledge and help digital nomads to integrate. Activities based on action are mainly undertaken for onboarding support, especially from the business side that provides services for digital nomads to adapt. Comparing Colombia and Malaysia, we found that these bundled practices help digital nomads and destinations to connect, mitigating gentrification and alienation.

This essay explores the effects of urban densification on residents in Bellevuegården, Malmö, focusing on the experiences of tenants and their alignment with municipal planning intentions. Densification advocated for its sustainability benefits, often leads to gentrification and displacement of vulnerable groups. By examining municipal motives and comparing them with tenant experiences, this study sheds light on the discrepancies and challenges arising from densification processes. Through interviews and surveys, the research reveals that densification has varying impacts on residents, including a decline in their daily lives and dissatisfaction with renovations and increased rental costs. The findings underscore the need to understand the direct consequences of densification on residents and to address potential gentrification issues. Furthermore, the study emphasises the importance of considering the impact on local businesses. By delving into these dynamics, this research contributes to a better understanding of the social implications of densification in vulnerable socioeconomic neighbourhoods.

Cette thèse a été réalisée au sein du Metrolab.brussels – un laboratoire interdisciplinaire et interuniversitaire d’analyse critique et appliquée de la programmation FEDER 2014-2020 (faisant lui-même partie des 46 projets financés par ces fonds européens). En parallèle aux activités collectives et transversales du Metrolab, le travail individuel de la thèse portait sur les logiques et les effets socio-spatiaux du « développement urbain par la culture », à savoir une action politique visant à instrumentaliser la culture dans les stratégies métropolitaines. Ces stratégies de « culture-led Regeneration » émergent dans les années 1980 aux États-Unis en parallèle à la « marchandisation de la culture » et à la « compétitivité interurbaine » croissantes. Ce modèle urbain se matérialise notamment par un investissement public et/ou privé massif dans de grands équipements iconiques – dont le contenant (architecture) importe autant que le contenu (programmation artistique) -, implantés sur d’anciennes friches industrielles et/ou portuaires. Si ce modèle s’est progressivement diffusé en Europe, et dont le Guggenheim à Bilbao reste aujourd’hui l’exemple le plus emblématique, une diversification des formes s’observe depuis le début des années 2000 dans différents contextes métropolitains. Ceci étant dit, cette recherche s’est intéressée à un nouveau type d’équipement culturel, de taille relativement plus modeste, souvent implanté dans des quartiers résidentiels (péri-)centraux en voie de gentrification. Ces derniers ont été qualifiés d’« équipements culturels hybrides » afin de mettre en évidence leur fonctionnement ambivalent caractéristique, visant à la fois le renforcement des politiques de « revitalisation urbaine » à travers l’attractivité engendrée par leurs activités artistiques, mais aussi le renforcement des politiques « d’inclusion sociale » à travers le développement d’activités socioculturelles à destination des habitants des quartiers populaires avoisinants.Ce cadre théorique et spatio-temporel étant établi, l’enquête empirique avait dès lors pour hypothèse l’émergence de tensions sociales et spatiales associées à cette ambivalence dans le fonctionnement de ces « équipements culturels hybrides ». Pour ce faire, six cas d’études – financés de près ou de loin par les différentes programmations FEDER – ont été choisis dans deux communes bruxelloises mobilisant explicitement la culture comme levier de développement de leurs anciennes zones industrielles :le « bas de Forest » (le Centre d’art contemporain WIELS, le Centre culturel BRASS et le futur Pôle culturel ABY) et le « Vieux Molenbeek » (le Gemeenschapscentrum De Vaartkapoen, le Centre d’arts numériques iMAL et le Musée MIMA). L’enquête de terrain a privilégié une combinaison de méthodes qualitatives et longitudinales afin d’interpréter les interactions entre ces équipements et leurs quartiers d’implantation :entretiens semi-directifs, enquêtes par questionnaires des publics, ateliers cartographiques avec des groupes d’habitants, et enfin observations et relevés de terrains des activités culturelles et des transformations urbaines à l’œuvre.Comme l’abondante littérature anglophone sur les stratégies de « culture-led regeneration » le mentionnait déjà au début des années 2000 [Belfiore, 2002 ;Stevenson, 2004 ;Bailey et al. 2004 ;Basset et al. 2005 ;Evans, 2005 ;Sharp et al. 2005], loin des discours iréniques et performatifs des acteurs sur les bienfaits en matière de mixité sociale et de cohésion sociale, des tensions sociales - toutefois plus subtiles - émergent de ce nouveau type de développement urbain par la culture. Dans cette recherche, nous avons plus particulièrement mis avant les effets symboliques de ces équipements culturels hybrides en parallèle aux dynamiques de gentrification. D’une part, le rôle de ces derniers dans la revalorisation symbolique des espaces urbains populaires, en renforçant leur attractivité résidentielle, immobilière et/ou métropolitaine. Et d’autre part, leur rôle dans la pacification et la normalisation sociale de ces quartiers. L’étude empirique nous a finalement amenés à discuter de ces tensions spatiales en termes de classes sociales, en pointant d’un côté la valorisation des usages et visions du quartier des nouveaux résidents issus des classes intermédiaires, et d’un autre côté l’invisibilisation des classes populaires, en particulier leurs ressources sociales et symboliques – pourtant extrêmement précieuses pour s’adapter et résister au quotidien aux logiques d’exclusion et de domination sociales. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Housing affordability is an enduring issue globally. Disproportionately affected by this trend are renters: those households who do not own their primary dwelling. Rather than being a transitionary phase – a stepping stone to homeownership – as in decades past; renting is becoming a permanent, and often financially draining, state for many households. Housing affordability is significant to the lives of renters, as renters overwhelmingly spend more of their income, as a proportion, on housing than homeowners do. In Canada, renters are not eligible for many wealth subsidies that homeowners enjoy (i.e., the exclusion of capital gains tax on the sale of primary residence), have less autonomy over their living space, and less security of tenure. These concerns, combined with aging multi-unit rental stock, disinvestment of governments from social housing funding, and a funneling of private funds towards condominium developments, has left those in the rental market with increasingly fewer housing options. This dissertation seeks to explore how households renting in the low-cost segment of the housing market gain access to housing and why they move. Special emphasis is placed on the nom-purpose built market, and a tool for better enumerating otherwise undocumented housing units is proposed. Findings suggest that previously undocumented, secondary units play a significant role in local housing markets, particularly within dense 19th century neighbourhoods with good access to amenities and transit. The dissertation also suggests that the social milieu of participants’ lives, including relationships with landlords and property managers, highly influences decisions to move. Lastly, the research finds that informal agreements, as well as units, characterizes entry and habitation of many units within the low-cost segment of the housing market. This dissertation contributes to the field of knowledge on residential mobility and housing geographies by exploring two primarily unexamined areas of local housing markets: informal units and informal agreements. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy / This dissertation examines the role of the private sector in housing individuals living in the low-cost segment of the rental market. Emphasis is placed on non-purpose built rentals and how they contribute to the larger function of local housing provision. Hamilton, Ontario is used as a case-study in all three papers that comprise the thesis. Findings are largely derived from a novel field enumeration technique and qualitative interviews with tenants. Taken together, results from the three papers indicate that the non-purpose built market plays a non-negligible role in providing affordable housing options to tenant households. The presented findings also suggest that amateur landlords and informal rental arrangements highly influence the form and function of low-cost rental units. Lastly, the papers suggest that highly mobile tenant populations are considerably affected by social milieu in the selection of housing units and intra-urban mobility decisions.

Over the past few decades, decreased federal and provincial funding for municipal services and infrastructure has constrained municipal budgets and led to competitive, entrepreneurial styles of municipal governance. These structural changes have coincided with growing public demand for municipalities to protect the local environment and take action on climate change. Drawing on discourse analysis, historical research, and interviews, this thesis applies an ecological political economy (EPE) perspective to examine the influence of federal and provincial neoliberal policies on municipal environmental governance in Ottawa. The main argument of this thesis is that amidst global economic instability and a worsening climate crisis, the City is shifting to a ‘climate urbanism’ policy approach that positions Ottawa to compete globally for labour and capital investment to fund ‘low-carbon’ and ‘climate-resilient’ technological and infrastructure fixes. Strategically adopting discourses from global climate science, ‘climate urbanism’ is the City’s current attempt to reconcile ongoing fiscal challenges with worsening environmental problems and a neoliberal economic growth imperative. Over the past three decades, the City has co-opted environmental discourses to legitimize economic growth while externalizing the problematic consequences of this growth, contributing to deepening social and ecological crises. Case studies on the People’s Official Plan and the Herongate redevelopment demonstrate how Ottawa residents are contesting the City’s ‘climate urbanism’ by developing and advocating for grassroots policies that recentre social and ecological needs.

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