La gestion de la chaîne logistique a gagné en maturité depuis l’extension de son champ d’application qui portait sur des problématiques opérationnelles et économiques s’est élargi à des questions environnementales et sociales auxquelles sont confrontées les organisations industrielles actuelles. L’addition du terme «vert» aux activités de la chaîne logistique vise à intégrer une conscience écologique dans tous les processus de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Le but de ce travail est de développer un cadre méthodologique pour traiter la gestion de la chaîne logistique verte (GrSCM) basée sur une approche d'optimisation multi-objectif, en se focalisant sur la conception, la planification et les opérations de la chaîne agroalimentaire, à travers la mise en oeuvre des principes de gestion et de logistique de la chaîne d'approvisionnement verte. L'étude de cas retenu est la filière du jus d'orange. L'objectif du travail consiste en la minimisation de l'impact environnemental et la maximisation de la rentabilité économique pour des catégories de produits sélectionnés. Ce travail se concentre sur l'application de la GrSCM à deux questions stratégiques fondamentales visant les chaînes d'approvisionnement agroalimentaire. La première est liée au problème de la sélection des fournisseurs en produits « verts » (GSS) pour les systèmes de production agricole et à leur intégration dans le réseau globalisé de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Le second se concentre sur la conception globale du réseau de la chaîne logistique verte (GSCND). Ces deux sujets complémentaires sont finalement intégrés afin d'évaluer et exploiter les caractéristiques des chaînes d'approvisionnement agro-alimentaire en vue du développement d’un éco-label. La méthodologie est basée sur le couplage entre analyse du cycle de vie (ACV), optimisation multi-objectifs par algorithmes génétiques et technique d’aide à la décision multicritère (de type TOPSIS). L’approche est illustrée et validée par le développement et l'analyse d'une étude de cas de la chaîne logistique de jus d'orange, modélisée comme une chaîne logistique verte (GrSC) à trois échelons composés de la production d’oranges, de leur transformation en jus, puis de leur distribution, chaque échelon étant modélisé de façon plus fine en sous-composants. D’un point de vue méthodologique, le travail a démontré l’intérêt du cadre de modélisation et d’optimisation de GrSC dans le contexte des chaînes d'approvisionnement, notamment pour le développement d’un éco-label dans le domaine de l’agro-alimentaire. Il peut aider les décideurs pour gérer la complexité inhérente aux décisions de conception de la chaîne d'approvisionnement agroalimentaire, induite par la nature multi-objectifs multi-acteurs multi-périodes du problème, empêchant ainsi une prise de décision empirique et segmentée. D’un point de vue expérimental, sous les hypothèses utilisées dans l'étude de cas, les résultats du travail soulignent que si l’on restreint l’éco-label "bio" à l'aspect agricole, seule une faible, voire aucune amélioration sur la performance environnementale de la chaîne d'approvisionnement n’est atteinte. La prise en compte des critères environnementaux pertinents sur l’ensemble du cycle de vie s’avère être une meilleure option pour les stratégies publiques et privées afin de tendre vers des chaînes agro-alimentaires plus durables. / Supply chain and operations management has matured from a field that addressed only operational and economic concerns to one that comprehensively considers the broader environmental and social issues that face industrial organizations of today. Adding the term “green” to supply chain activities seeks to incorporate environmentally conscious thinking in all processes in the supply chain. The aim of this work is to develop a Green Supply Chain (GrSC) framework based on a multi-objective optimization approach, with specific emphasis on agrofood supply chain design, planning and operations through the implementation of appropriate green supply chain management and logistics principles. The case study is the orange juice cluster. The research objective is the minimization of the environmental burden and the maximization of economic profitability of the selected product categories. This work focuses on the application of GrSCM to two fundamental strategic issues targeting agro food supply chains. The former is related to the Green Supplier Selection (GSS) problem devoted to the farming production systems and the way they are integrated into the global supply chain network. The latter focuses on the global Green Supply Chain Network Design (GSCND) as a whole. These two complementary and ultimately integrated strategic topics are framed in order to evaluate and exploit the unique characteristics of agro food supply chains in relation to eco-labeling. The methodology is based on the use of Life Cycle Assessment, Multi-objective Optimization via Genetic Algorithms and Multiple-criteria Decision Making tools (TOPSIS type). The approach is illustrated and validated through the development and analysis of an Orange Juice Supply Chain case study modelled as a three echelon GrSC composed of the supplier, manufacturing and market levels that in turn are decomposed into more detailed subcomponents. Methodologically, the work has shown the development of the modelling and optimization GrSCM framework is useful in the context of eco-labeled agro food supply chain and feasible in particular for the orange juice cluster. The proposed framework can help decision makers handle the complexity that characterizes agro food supply chain design decision and that is brought on by the multi-objective and multi-period nature of the problem as well as by the multiple stakeholders, thus preventing to make the decision in a segmented empirical manner. Experimentally, under the assumptions used in the case study, the work highlights that by focusing only on the “organic” eco-label to improve the agricultural aspect, low to no improvement on overall supply chain environmental performance is reached in relative terms. In contrast, the environmental criteria resulting from a full lifecycle approach is a better option for future public and private policies to reach more sustainable agro food supply chains.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-08-16T15:38:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Cristina da Silva.pdf: 3181859 bytes, checksum: ec2e71bc944595cf5e4a7b0a3e2a9042 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T15:38:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Cristina da Silva.pdf: 3181859 bytes, checksum: ec2e71bc944595cf5e4a7b0a3e2a9042 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / The interface between organizations and the context in which they operate tend to give barriers to the implementation of the green supply chain management [GSCM]. The general purpose of this study was to analyze how the barriers to implementation of GSCM are prioritized by Brazilian automotive sector. Therefore, this research used a mixed methods approach, applying a systematic literature review and CVR content validation in the qualitative approach and the Analytic Hierarchy Process method [AHP] for the quantitative. The contributions of this study to the theory include the collection of forty-three literature barriers to implementing the GSCM. The model of thirteen barriers applicable to the Brazilian organizational setting, validated by technical and academic experts, in addition to the synthesis of other information relevant to research on the topic. In terms of contributions to the practice of management, from the results and their comparisons in relation to companies in other sectors located in other parts of the world, it is intended that this study drives the member companies of the automotive supply chain in developing action plans to overcome the barriers to implementation of GSCM. / A interface entre as organizações e o contexto em que estão inseridas tendem a originar barreiras à implementação da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos verde [GCSV]. O propósito geral deste estudo consistiu em analisar como as barreiras à implementação da GCSV são hierarquizadas pelas empresas do setor automotivo brasileiro. Para tanto, esta pesquisa utilizou a abordagem de métodos mistos, com a aplicação de revisão bibliográfica sistemática e validação de conteúdo CVR na abordagem qualitativa e o método Analytic Hierarchy Process [AHP] para a quantitativa. As contribuições deste estudo para a teoria incluem a coletânea de quarenta e três barreiras à implementação da GCSV da literatura ao modelo de treze barreiras aplicáveis ao cenário organizacional brasileiro, validado por especialistas técnicos e acadêmicos, além da síntese de outras informações relevantes para pesquisas no tema. Em termos de contribuições para a prática da Administração, a partir dos resultados alcançados e suas comparações em relação às indústrias de outros setores localizadas em outras partes do mundo, pretende-se que este estudo norteie as empresas integrantes da cadeia de suprimentos automotiva na elaboração de planos de ação para a superação das barreiras à implementação da GCSV.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-06-06T15:28:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Cristina da Silva.pdf: 3181859 bytes, checksum: ec2e71bc944595cf5e4a7b0a3e2a9042 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T15:28:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Cristina da Silva.pdf: 3181859 bytes, checksum: ec2e71bc944595cf5e4a7b0a3e2a9042 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / The interface between organizations and the context in which they operate tend to give barriers to the implementation of the green supply chain management [GSCM]. The general purpose of this study was to analyze how the barriers to implementation of GSCM are prioritized by Brazilian automotive sector. Therefore, this research used a mixed methods approach, applying a systematic literature review and CVR content validation in the qualitative approach and the Analytic Hierarchy Process method [AHP] for the quantitative. The contributions of this study to the theory include the collection of forty-three literature barriers to implementing the GSCM. The model of thirteen barriers applicable to the Brazilian organizational setting, validated by technical and academic experts, in addition to the synthesis of other information relevant to research on the topic. In terms of contributions to the practice of management, from the results and their comparisons in relation to companies in other sectors located in other parts of the world, it is intended that this study drives the member companies of the automotive supply chain in developing action plans to overcome the barriers to implementation of GSCM. / A interface entre as organizações e o contexto em que estão inseridas tendem a originar barreiras à implementação da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos verde [GCSV]. O propósito geral deste estudo consistiu em analisar como as barreiras à implementação da GCSV são hierarquizadas pelas empresas do setor automotivo brasileiro. Para tanto, esta pesquisa utilizou a abordagem de métodos mistos, com a aplicação de revisão bibliográfica sistemática e validação de conteúdo CVR na abordagem qualitativa e o método Analytic Hierarchy Process [AHP] para a quantitativa. As contribuições deste estudo para a teoria incluem a coletânea de quarenta e três barreiras à implementação da GCSV da literatura ao modelo de treze barreiras aplicáveis ao cenário organizacional brasileiro, validado por especialistas técnicos e acadêmicos, além da síntese de outras informações relevantes para pesquisas no tema. Em termos de contribuições para a prática da Administração, a partir dos resultados alcançados e suas comparações em relação às indústrias de outros setores localizadas em outras partes do mundo, pretende-se que este estudo norteie as empresas integrantes da cadeia de suprimentos automotiva na elaboração de planos de ação para a superação das barreiras à implementação da GCSV.

[pt] A gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos domésticos (GRSU) é um problema central nas cidades do mundo inteiro. A quantidade de resíduos produzidos diariamente nessas áreas desafia a sociedade a melhorar suas práticas de gerenciamento de resíduos. Embora países desenvolvidos como a Alemanha tenham alcançado resultados respeitáveis com diferentes iniciativas de GRSU, países em desenvolvimento ainda lutam para ser eficazes com suas políticas. Dado o constante crescimento das favelas, a falta de recursos econômicos, a desigualdade social e a falta de participação dos principais atores do processo, países como o Brasil ainda não encontraram o caminho certo para um sistema sustentável de gestão de resíduos, que é uma parte essencial da gestão sustentável da cadeia de suprimento (SSCM). Embora a literatura ofereça um grande e crescente número de publicações em SSCM e GRSU, há uma falta de estudos ligando os dois temas, especialmente considerando a realidade prática de um país em desenvolvimento. A presente tese visa preencher esta lacuna estudando formas de melhorar a GRSU nos países em desenvolvimento incorporando os conceitos da SSCM a partir da perspectiva da indústria, do setor público e da comunidade local, no sentido de apresentar alternativas para sua melhoria no Brasil. Para isso, foi adotada uma abordagem multimétodo com quatro etapas principais de pesquisa: primeiro, uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura em SSCM; em segundo, um estudo de caso longitudinal na favela da Rocinha localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil); em terceiro, uma análise interna e cruzada do GRSU entre duas cidades do Brasil (Macaé) e da Alemanha (Münster); e, finalmente, uma pesquisa com residentes da região metropolitana de Macaé para compreender sua aceitação quanto a adoção das práticas alemãs. A violência presente em favelas brasileiras, assim como a necessidade de moradia em outro país foram os maiores desafios ligados aos estudos de caso citados. Os principais resultados da pesquisa indicam que para enfrentar os problemas ambientais relacionados ao GRSU nos países em desenvolvimento, é necessário resolver questões sociais básicas relacionadas à educação, segurança e infraestrutura, com a integração e apoio do governo, da comunidade local e da indústria. A comparação com o sistema alemão indica que a indústria brasileira ainda está longe de cumprir os pilares social e ambiental do SSCM e deve ser considerada economicamente responsável pelo ciclo de vida de seus produtos, enfrentando o princípio da responsabilidade ampliada do produtor (EPR). Este investimento adicional pode permitir a melhoria das condições de trabalho, investimento em tecnologias e em campanhas públicas regulares para aumentar a educação em assuntos importantes na área de sustentabilidade, levando à formalização da cadeia de reciclagem. Os pilares do sistema alemão (i.e., leis claras, campanhas públicas regulares e a metodologia de taxas) aparecem como uma solução viável para a GRSU nos países em desenvolvimento, porém os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a população ainda não está disposta a pagar (WTP) por todos os custos envolvidos no processo, especialmente aqueles relacionados à coleta/tratamento de recicláveis. Este cenário reforça a necessidade de grandes campanhas educacionais, sobretudo em escolas, que fortaleçam uma visão holística e multi-perspectiva capaz de ampliar a compreensão do problema. Para facilitar esta agenda, também são apresentadas diretrizes para apoiar os formuladores de políticas públicas nos países em desenvolvimento a lidarem com os desafios associados ao GRSU, e para cumprir as Metas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (MDS) relacionadas. Finalmente, esta pesquisa contribui para que acadêmicos e profissionais forneçam evidências empíricas para enriquecer o debate contínuo sobre o tema, dado que esta não apenas apresenta situações de casos reais em diferentes realidades, mas também destaca questões que devem ser consideradas e gerenciadas na prática, no desenvolvimento e na implementação de técnicas apropriadas para lidar com o GRSU nos países em desenvolvimento. / [en] Urban household solid waste management (UHSWM) is a central problem in cities worldwide. The amount of waste produced daily in urban areas challenges society to improve its waste management (WM) practices. While developed countries like Germany have achieved respectable results with different UHSWM initiatives, developing countries still struggle to be effective with their policies. Given the constant growth of slums, the lack of economic resources, the social inequality, and the lack of participation of the main stakeholders of the process, countries like Brazil still have not found the right path towards a sustainable WM system, which is an essential part of the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Although the literature offers a large and growing number of publications in SSCM and UHSWM, there is a lack of studies linking the two themes, especially considering the practical reality of a developing country. The present thesis aims to fulfill this gap by analyzing UHSWM integrating the principles of the SSCM from the perspective of industry, public sector, and the local community, towards presenting alternatives for its improvement in Brazil. To achieve this goal, a multimethod approach with four main research steps was adopted: firstly, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in SSCM; secondly a longitudinal case study at the Rocinha slum located in the city Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); thirdly a within and cross-case analysis on UHSWM between two cities from Brazil (Macaé) and Germany (Münster); and finally, a survey with residents of the metropolitan area of Macaé to understand their acceptance of German practices. The violence present in Brazilian slums, as well as the need to live in another country were the biggest challenges linked to the case studies cited. The main research findings indicate that to tackle environmental problems related to UHSWM in developing countries, it is necessary to solve basic social issues related to education, security, and infrastructure, with the integration and support of government, local community, and industry. The comparison with the German UHSWM system indicates that the Brazilian industry is still far from fulfilling the social and environmental pillars of SSCM and should be held economically responsible for the life cycle of its products, facing the principle of extended producer responsibility (EPR). This additional investment can enable improvement in work conditions, in technologies, and on regular public campaigns to increase education in important sustainable matters, leading to the formalization of the recycling chain. The pillars of the German system (i.e., clear laws, regular public campaigns, and fee methodology) appear as a viable solution to improve UHSWM in developing countries, however the research findings indicate that Brazilians are still not willing to pay (WTP) for all the costs involved in this process, especially those related to the collection and treatment of recyclables. This scenario reinforces the need for large educational campaigns, especially in schools, strengthening a holistic and multi-perspective view to increase the comprehension of the problem. To facilitate this agenda, a guideline with feasible alternatives to support policy makers in developing countries to deal with the challenges associated to UHSWM, and to meet the related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is also presented. This research contributes to academics and practitioners providing empirical evidence to enrich the ongoing debate on the topic, as it not only presents real-life case situations in different realities, but also highlights issues that should be considered and managed in a real context to develop and implement appropriate techniques to deal with UHSWM in developing countries.

Growing environmental problems have led to increasing pressure on companies to improve their environmental performance. This means that also supply chains must become greener, which has contributed to new challenges when it comes to green collaboration and trust. Research has suggested marketing as a tool to tackle these challenges, but how to use marketing to address these concerns has yet to be explored further. The focus of this thesis is thereby to explore and clarify the possibilities to use green industrial marketing as a tool to meet these new supply chain challenges. In line with that, the overarching aim of the thesis is to explore and advance the understanding of green industrial marketing, with the underlying aim of merging the fields of green marketing and green supply chains. There is also the goal of contributing to companies’ knowledge about the field and thus possibly inspire improvements in green industrial marketing and green supply chain practices. These aims are met by answering two research questions. The first research question regards the practice of green industrial marketing, and how this practice has developed over time. The second research question revolves around what strategies, placing an emphasis on trust, can be identified in companies working in green industrial marketing and how these strategies can improve green supply chain collaboration. The literature review focuses mainly on green industrial marketing, with green marketing, the emergence of green business, industrial marketing, green supply chain management, green marketing strategies, and trust as associated theoretical fields related to green industrial marketing. The study is interpretive and qualitative with a focus on one industry, the Swedish textile service industry, during a 26-year time period. Three sub-studies have been combined to explore the phenomenon of green industrial marketing: a qualitative content analysis, a semi-structured interview study, and a minor case study. The results of this study can improve the understanding of green industrial marketing, both as a practice and theoretical area by describing the strategies, including strategies intended to build trust, that are practiced in markets. A typology of eight identified green industrial trust strategies have been developed. The study also contributes to discussion on the differences between industrial marketing and consumer marketing by clarifying the boundaries of green industrial marketing in relation to green consumer marketing. Among other things, the results of this study show that there is a greater relational focus in green industrial marketing compared to what exists in green consumer marketing. This study also contributes to a merger between the fields of green industrial marketing and green supply chain management by showing how green industrial marketing can contribute to improved collaboration within green supply chains in four ways. The first way is to convey different types of environmental information and green market positions, the second is to improve the integration and coordination of green supply chains, the third is to facilitate supplier evaluations, and the fourth is to build trust. / Växande miljöproblem har lett till ökad press på företag att förbättra sitt miljöarbete. Det innebär att även leverantörskedjor måste bli mer miljövänligt. Forskning har föreslagit marknadsföring som ett verktyg att tackla dessa utmaningar med, men har ännu inte fördjupat sig i hur man använder marknadsföringen för att ta itu med problemen. Fokus för denna avhandling är därför att utforska och klargöra möjligheterna att använda så kallad grön industriell marknadsföring som ett verktyg för att möta dessa nya utmaningar i leverantörskedjan. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen att utforska och främja förståelsen av grön industriell marknadsföring. Ett underliggande syfte att sammanföra forskning om grön marknadsföring och gröna leveranskedjor. Det finns också ett mål att bidra till företags kunskap om området och på så sätt inspirera till förbättringar av deras verksamheter. Dessa syften uppnås genom att svara på två forskningsfrågor. Den första forskningsfrågan handlar om praktiken av grön industriell marknadsföring och hur den har utvecklats över tid. Den andra forskningsfrågan kretsar kring vilka strategier, med tonvikt på tillit, som kan identifieras i företag som arbetar med grön industriell marknadsföring och hur dessa strategier kan förbättra grönt samarbete i leverantörskedjan. Resultaten från den här studien kan förbättra förståelsen av grön industriell marknadsföring, både som praktik och teoretiskt område, genom att beskriva de strategier, inklusive strategier avsedda att bygga tillit, som praktiseras på marknader. En typologi med åtta identifierade gröna industriella tillitsstrategier har utvecklats baserad på tidigare litteratur och företagens praktik. Studien bidrar också till diskussion om skillnaderna mellan industriell marknadsföring och konsumentmarknadsföring. Resultaten visar bland annat att det finns ett större relationellt fokus inom grön industriell marknadsföring jämfört med vad som finns inom grön konsumentmarknadsföring.