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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modeling contingency infiltration scenarios in MODFLOW : Stockholm Bypass and tunnel induced groundwater drawdown

Abdo, Aslan January 2019 (has links)
Subsurface constructions, such as tunnels, create hydrogeological challenges in mitigating risk of subsidence due to groundwater drawdown. Presenting readily made precautionary mitigation plans, such as strategically planned artificial recharge applications, can help effectivise the mitigation process. The Bypass Stockholm project comprises of several subsurface constructions which may lower the surrounding groundwater level through tunnel leakage. Risk of land subsidence persists in the nearby urban area of Vinsta, Stockholm, where a groundwater drawdown may cause the clays in the area to experience land subsidence. A hydrogeological modelling approach was used in the area to create strategic artificial infiltration plans that could be employed as a mitigative response to the drop in groundwater head. In order to simulate the potential tunnel drainage, a steady state hydrogeological model was built using MODFLOW. A 220 l/s tunnel leakage was then simulated. Four different artificial groundwater infiltration scenarios were then conceptualized and simulated to observe effects on groundwater heads. The groundwater levels of the baseline model of the area fit the calibration targets with average absolute deviation of 0.18 m. The tunnel drainage scenario lowered the groundwater level in the till aquifer and bedrock by 0 - 1.5 m and 0.5 - 5 m respectively, with higher drawdowns observed closer to the tunnel. The infiltration scenarios mitigate the groundwater drawdown with different efficacies; proximity to the recharge point, and discharge into the till aquifer were observed to have the highest effect on groundwater recharge in the model. The model could have been improved by improving the data quality surrounding the hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock, as it had the highest effect according to the parameter sensitivity analysis. / Konstruktioner under mark kan skapa hydrogeologiska utmaningar, såsom sättningsrisk orsakade av grundvattenavsänkning. Ett sätt att effektivisera åtgärdsprocessen är att förbereda för eventuell artificiell grundvatteninfiltration. Vägprojektet Förbifart Stockholm innefattar konstruktioner under mark och riskerar, genom inläckage, att sänka grundvattennivån i omgivningen. Ett potentiellt problemområde är stadsdelen Vinsta, delar av vars är byggd på sättningskänslig lera som kan påverkas av en grundvattenavsänkning. För att kunna motverka en grundvattensänkning i Vinsta har hydrogeologisk modellering utförts för att strategiskt planera artificiell grundvatteninfiltration. Ett tunnelläckage på 220 l/s har simulerats genom en hydrogeologisk steady state-modell i MODFLOW. Fyra olika scenarier för grundvatteninfiltration har konceptualiserats och simulerats för att observera påverkan på grundvattennivån. Den spatialt variabla grundvattennivån i grundmodellen nådde kalibreringsmålen med en genomsnittlig absolutavvikelse på 0,18 m. Modellen för tunnelläckage resulterade i att grundvattennivån i moränakvifären och berget sjönk med 0 – 1,5 resp. 0,5 – 5 m, med större grundvattensänkning närmare tunneln. Scenarierna för infiltration motverkade grundvattensänkningen i olika grad. Närhet tilltunneln, eller platsen för inläckage, samt den hydrauliska konduktiviteten mellan infiltrationen och akvifären visade störst påverkan på resultatet för att motverka grundvattensänkningen. Känslighetsanalysen för parametrarna i modellen visade att berget och dess hydrauliska konduktivitet hade störst påverkan på resultatet. Tillgång till bättre data för berget möjliggör förbättrat modelleringsresultat.
2

[en] NUMERICAL MODELING OF 3D FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA / [pt] MODELAGEM NUMÉRICA DE FLUXO 3D EM MEIOS POROSOS

JACKELINE ROSEMERY C HUERTAS 18 May 2007 (has links)
[pt] Simulações numéricas tendem a simplificar o comportamento de problemas reais, na maioria das vezes pela adoção de um modelo 2D para descrição da resposta hidráulico-mecânica de barragens de terra, escavações, fundações, etc., com base na maior facilidade da construção geométrica de malhas, rapidez de processamento, simplicidade na introdução das condições de contorno, menor dificuldade na obtenção dos parâmetros de engenharia, etc. Entretanto, para certos fenômenos como o fluxo através de barragem em vales estreitos ou no rebaixamento do lençol freático para execução de escavações para construção de fundações, os efeitos tridimensionais podem afetar consideravelmente os resultados obtidos com uma solução simplificada, seja em termos de vazão, cargas, gradientes hidráulicos ou fatores de segurança. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal analisar problemas de fluxo, na condição transiente e/ou permanente, considerando solos saturados e parcialmente saturados, em simulações 2D e 3D pelo método dos elementos finitos buscando destacar as principais diferenças entre as respostas obtidas, ressaltando as principais vantagens e dificuldades da realização de uma simulação 3D em relação a uma análise simplificada 2D. Os exemplos numéricos abordados neste trabalho se referem à barragem de terra Macusani, no Peru, à escavação realizada para construção das estruturas da Pequena Central Elétrica Canoa Quebrada - MT e ao rebaixamento do lençol freático para construção das fundações do shopping Brooklin na cidade de São Paulo - SP. / [en] Numerical simulations tend to simplify the behavior of real problems, mainly through the choice of 2D models to describe the hydromechanical responses of earth dams, excavations, foundations, etc., partly because it is easier to construct geometrical meshes, it is simpler to impose the required boundary conditions, the computer calculations are done more rapidly and the estimation of the engineering parameters, either through field or laboratory tests, are less difficulty than it would be if the problem was treated as a complete 3D case. However, for certain phenomena such as the flow of water through dams situated in narrow valleys or the water drawdown in excavations for construction of building foundations, 3D effects can considerably affect the results when compared to a simplified 2D solution, either in terms of quantity of flow, hydraulic heads and gradients, security factors, etc. The main goal of this dissertation is the analysis of flow problems, both in transient and permanent conditions, considering fully saturated or partially saturated soils, employing 2D and 3D numerical models based on the finite element method in order to highlight the main differences between the computed answers, emphasizing the advantages and difficulties of both approaches. The numerical examples studied in this work are the earth dam Macusani, situated in Peru, the excavation carried out for the construction of the structures in the small hydroelectric plant Canoa Quebrada - MT, and groundwater drawdown for the execution of the foundations of the Brooklin shopping mall, in the city of São Paulo - SP.
3

Stochastic Settlement Model Including Creep Effects : Simulation of Groundwater Induced Subsidence / Stokastisk sättningsmodel inkuderande krypeffekter : Simulering av grundvatteninducerade sättningar

Wikby, Pierre, Andersson, Ragnar January 2020 (has links)
When underground openings are constructed, groundwater inflow can occur, which might lead to ground settlements, namely in clay. In these types of construction projects, it is beneficial to be able to quantify risks related to these settlements. A framework developed by Sundell et al. (2019, Risk Analysis, Vol. 39, 105-124) deals with this, in which one part is a statistical settlement model. However, since their model only considers primary compression, a model that accounts for secondary compression (or creep) is necessary to better represent real conditions.In this thesis, an adaptation of Sundell’s et al. (2019) model that includes creep settlement was developed and applied on a focus area of the tunnel project Stockholm Bypass. First, distributions of parameters were created based on data from the project and complementary data from literature. Thereafter, a stochastic model based on an existing creep model was coupled with the Monte Carlo method.A cell where 8 m groundwater drawdown had previously been measured was simulated with the stochastic model. Results from this show wide settlement distribution. Moreover, a scenario with a sudden groundwater drawdown of 6 m was simulated over the entire focus area. Results from the scenario show larger settlements over a larger influence area when creep effects were included compared with simulations without creep effects.The proposed model was also verified against two other creep settlement models. The verification indicates an overestimation in initial settlements, but an underestimation of the excess pore pressure. The proposed model long-term settlement results were within 0.1 m of the compared models. A sensitivity analysis shows that different size of distributions of the permeable parameters and the creep parameters used in the model had low impact on settlement distribution in the presented model. / Undermarksanläggningar kan orsaka grundvattendränering, vilket kan leda till marksättningar. I dessa projekt är det fördelaktigt att kunna kvantifiera riskerna för dessa marksättningar. Ett ramverk utvecklat av Sundell et al. (2019, Risk Analysis, Vol. 39, 105-124) behandlar detta, och inbegriper bland annat en statistisk sättningsmodell. Eftersom modellen endast beaktar primärkonsolidering av jorden, är en modell som även behandlar sekundärkonsolidering (krypning) nödvändig för att bättre representera verkliga förhållanden.I denna uppsats utvecklades och tillämpades en anpassning av Sundells et al. (2019) modell till att inkludera krypsättningar på ett fokusområde i tunnelprojektet Förbifart Stockholm. Först skapades fördelningar av parametrar baserade på data från projektet samt kompletterande data från litteratur. Därefter byggdes en stokastisk modell baserat på en existerande krypmodell kopplat med Monte Carlo-metoden.Med den stokastiska modellen simulerades en punkt där 8 m grundvattensänkning hade skett. Resultatet från denna simulering visar att den beräknade sättningen är varierande. Därutöver simulerades hela fokusområdet för ett scenario med en konstant grundvattensänkning på 6 meter. Resultatet visar större sättningar över ett större påverkansområde när krypeffekter inkluderas jämfört med när de inte gjorde det.Den föreslagna modellen verifierades också mot två andra krypsättningsmodeller. Verifieringen antyder på en överskattning i de initiala sättningarna, men en underskattning av porövertrycket. Den föreslagna modellens långsiktiga sättningar låg inom 0,1 m jämfört med de andra modellernas sättningar. Genom en sensitivitetsanalys erhölls att storleken på variationskoefficienten hos permeabilitetsparametrar samt krypparametrar använda i modellen inte hade någon större påverkan på fördelningen av sättningar i den presenterade modellen.

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