Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Stockholm University, 2002. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement and English abstract inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-273).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

The major concern of this study is to examine the current process of national development in the two African states of Mozambique and Guinea Bissau. Recognizing the fact that the problem of development is the foremost challenge to all contemporary African nations, the pursuit of an alternative approach to the process of development by the two countries, is certainly a break-away from the change in continuity of the colonial capitalist mode of production, characteristic of Africa today. Contrary to the general practice in Africa which limits the concept of development to economics, and the enrichment of the petty bourgeoisie, the process of national development in Mozambique and Guinea Bissau has rightfully been conceptualized in terms of its economic, social, political, and ideological complexities, while the uplift of the masses occupies the center of the economic activity. The study critically examined the economic dimensions of the development process in both Mozambique and Guinea Bissau. The specific concern centered on industrialization and economic integration, the design and character of agriculture, the mechanisms of distribution of national wealth, the alternative measures of unemployment control, and the strategy followed in an attempt to eliminate post-colonial linkages. Viewing the role of politics in the overall process of development as an essential one, especially with regard to structural transformation and mobilization, the study examined the political dimensions of development in these countries. The focus was placed on the role of the party, structural transformation and mass participation, the distribution of power and national integration, political consciousness and rural politicization, in addition to their various implications on the development process. The study shows that the political elements have rendered the process of development, creative and complementary, cohesive, as well as dynamic. With regard to the social dimensions of development, the study examined the particularity of education, the unique innovations in health care and housing, and the progress made so far in the attainment of self-reliance. Faced with the task of assessing the efficacity of this approach to national development, the study without pretending to provide the cure for all development problems in Africa, concluded by uncovering the commendable merits and uniqueness of the approach, but also cautions against blind copying, while at the same time it encourages others to take a critical look at this experience in an attempt to assess the extent to which it can apply to their concrete conditions.

No description available.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research study aims to approach illicit market activity, particularly transnational organ-ised crime, from a political-economy point of view. The study of illicit market activity is characterised by various and often ambiguous concepts and approaches. The benefits of a political-economy approach include the provision of an alternative view of the illicit, combin-ing aspects from these various approaches. The study of the Global Political Economy (GPE) examines the relationship between authority, mostly in the form of states, and markets. This thesis looks at the relationship between the state and illicit markets. It does so by using the concept Illicit Global Political Economy (IGPE), which is defined as concerning the social, political and economic arrangements affecting the global systems of illicit production, ex-change and distribution, and the mix of values reflected therein. States, illicit markets and criminal actors are considered here as interdependent and interrelated parts of the IGPE spe-cifically, and the overall GPE. Within this relationship several „roles‟ of the state are identi-fied: the state as a creator and regulator of the illicit, through its legislative and executive au-thorities; the state as a locale of the illicit, as home, host, transhipment or service state for transnational criminal activities; the state as a victim of the illicit, for example, through the inherent nature of crime denying the state´s jurisdiction over its territory and also through the use of violence or corruption by criminals; and the state as a facilitator for illicit activity, meaning that certain characteristics of states can enable illicit activity. This thesis is primarily concerned with the last role of the state. It is argued that certain characteristics of states, par-ticularly weak and transitional states, enable the state´s exploitation by criminal actors. In the framework provided by Phil Williams (2002) seven of these characteristics are referred to as capacity gaps, which can result in functional holes, possibly enabling illicit activity. The pri-mary research question of this thesis is, consequently: Is the role of the state as a facilitator in the IGPE enabled by the existence of capacity gaps and functional holes? The West African state of Guinea-Bissau has been chosen as a case study for its role as a transhipment state in the global cocaine trade. In the first part of the analytical process of this thesis, the global cocaine trade and its historical development are described and analysed for the social, political and economic arrangements affecting it. This highlights the im-portance of taking into account these arrangements for a full understanding of the illicit. Addi-tionally, an analysis of the political-economy of Guinea-Bissau provides the necessary back-ground for understanding the second part of this thesis´ approach. Here, the state of Guinea-Bissau is examined firstly for the existence of capacity gaps and functional holes. If they are found to exist, whether and how they are being used by cocaine traffickers is examined. It was found that six out of seven capacity gaps exist in Guinea-Bissau, most of which are being used by the cocaine traffickers. The involvement of the military in the drug trade in combina-tion with its apparent extra-judicial standing is found to be of particular importance for the cocaine traffickers. This analysis allows for the research question to be answered positively. Moreover, the thesis can be considered to generally affirm the usefulness of a political-economy approach to analysing the illicit and affirms specifically the usefulness of the con-cept of the IGPE. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingstudie poog om onwettige markaktiwiteite, spesifiek transnasionale georganiseerde misdaad, uit 'n politiek-ekonomiese standpunt te benader. Die studie van die onwettige word gekarakteriseer deur verskeie en dikwels dubbelsinnige konsepte en benaderings. Die voordele van 'n politiek-ekonomiese benadering sluit die voorsiening van 'n alternatiewe beskouing van die onwettige dus 'n kombinasie van aspekte van die verskillende benaderings. Die studie van Globale Politieke Ekonomie (GPE) fokus op die verhouding tussen gesag, meestal in die vorm van die state en markte. Hierdie tesis fokus op die verhouding tussen die staat en onwettige markte. Dit word gedoen deur gebruik te maak van die konsep Onwettige Globale Politieke Ekonomie (OGPE), wat gedefinieer kan word as die sosiale, politieke en ekonomiese reëlings wat die globale sisteem van onwettige produksie, wisseling en dustribusie affekteer, en die vermenging van waardes wat daardeur gereflekteer word. State, markte en kriminele akteurs word hier beskou as afhanklike en onderliggende dele van die OGPE, spesifiek, en die algehele GPE. Binne hierdie verhouding kan daar verskeie „rolle‟ van die staat geïdentifiseer word: die staat as skepper en reguleerder van die onwettige deur die wetgewende en uitvoerende gesag; die staat as lokaliteit van die onwettige, as tuiste, gasheer, oorskeping of diens staat vir transnasionale georganiseerde misdaadaktiwiteite; die staat as slagoffer van die onwettige, byvoorbeeld deur die inherente natuur van misdaad wat die staat se jurisdiksie oor sy grense ontneem asook deur die gebruik van geweld of korrupsie deur kriminele; en die staat as fasiliteerder vir onwettige aktiwiteite, wat beteken dat sekere eienskappe van die staat onwettige aktiwiteite moontlik maak. Hierdie tesis fokus spesifiek op laasgenoemde rol van die staat. Daar word geargumenteer dat sekere eienskappe van state, meer spesifiek swak en oorgangstate, dit makliker maak vir kriminele akteurs om die staat uit te buit. In die raamwerk wat voorgestel word deur Phil Williams (2002) word daar sewe van hierdie eienskappe geïdentifiseer en verwys na as kapasiteitsopeninge wat funksionele gapings kan veroorsaak, en so onwettinge aktiwiteite moontlik maak. Die primêre navorsingsvraag van hierdie tesis is gevolglik: Word die rol van die staat as fasiliteerder in die OGPE moontlik gemaak deur die teenwoordigheid van kapasiteitsopeninge en funksionele gapings? Die Wes-Afrika staat Guinee-Bissau dien as gevallestudie vir sy rol as oorskeep staat in globale handel in kokaïen. In die eerste gedeelte van die analitiese proses van hierdie tesis, word globale handel in kokaïen en die historiese ontwikkeling daarvan beskryf en geanaliseer vir die sosiale, politieke en ekonomiese reëlings wat ‟n impak daarop het. Dit bring die belangrikheid van die inagneming van hierdie reëlings, indien die onwettige verstaan wil word, na vore. 'n Addisonele analiese van die politieke ekonomie van Guinee-Bissau verskaf die nodige agtergrond- informasie om die tweede gedeelte van hierdie tesis se benadering te verstaan. Hier die staat Guinee-Bissau word eerstens ondersoek vir die teenwoordigheid van kapasiteitsopeninge en funksionele gapings, en tweedens hoe dit gebruik word deur kokaïen smokkelaars. Die studie vind dat ses vanuit die sewe kapasiteitsopeninge wel in Guinee-Bissau voorkom en gebruik word deur smokkelaars. Die wederregtelike rol van die landmag, wat gewoonlik die smokkelaars ondersteun, is vir die smokkelaars baie belangrik. Hierdie analiese laat dit toe dat die navorsingsvraag positief beantwoord word. Verder, in hierdie tesis word die bruikbaarheid van 'n politiek-ekonomiese aanslag tot die onwettige en die spesifieke teoretiese fondasies daarvan bevestig.

Este trabalho trata da descrição e da análise do fraseamento entoacional do contorno de sentenças declarativas neutras do português falado na Guiné-Bissau (PGB), no que se refere, especificamente, à investigação da relação entre atribuição de eventos tonais ao contorno entoacional e formação de domínios prosódicos. Além disso, faz-se a comparação dos resultados obtidos para o fraseamento entoacional dos dados do PGB com os resultados obtidos para o fraseamento entoacional já descritos em trabalhos anteriores para o português brasileiro (PB) e para o português europeu (PE). Os corpora utilizados para o desenvolvimento deste estudo derivam de dois tipos de discurso (sentenças de leitura e de fala espontânea). A descrição e a análise do fraseamento entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras contidas nesses corpora é desenvolvido à luz da abordagem Autossegmental e Métrica da fonologia entoacional (PIERREHUMBERT, 1980; BECKMAN; PIERREHUMBERT, 1986; LADD, 1996, 2008; entre outros) e da Fonologia Prosódica (SELKIRK, 1984, 1986, 2000; NESPOR; VOGEL, 1986, 2007; entre outros) e com base em estudos prévios desenvolvidos nesses mesmos quadros teóricos e aplicados ao PB (CUNHA 2000; FROTA; VIGÁRIO 2000; TENANI 2002; FERNANDES, 2007a, 2007b; SERRA 2009; entre outros) e ao PE (GRØNNUM; VIANA, 1999; FROTA, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003; VIGÁRIO, 2003; VIGÁRIO; FROTA, 2003; CRUZ, 2013; entre outros). Os resultados alcançados nesta dissertação revelam características entoacionais do PGB que são similares às encontradas nas demais variedades de português: (i) a frequente atribuição de acentos tonais a palavras fonológicas do contorno entoacional (característica também encontrada no contorno entoacional do PB); (ii) a associação obrigatória de um acento tonal à palavra fonológica cabeça do último sintagma fonológico do sintagma entoacional, seguido por um tom de fronteira associado à fronteira direita desse sintagma (assim como no PB e no PE); (iii) a correspondência do padrão do contorno nuclear do sintagma entoacional das declarativas neutras do PGB com os padrões do contorno nuclear desse mesmo sintagma das sentenças declarativas neutras do PB e das variedades do PE; (iv) a possibilidade de associação de acentos frasais a fronteiras de sintagmas fonológicos (evento tonal que é encontrado associado a sintagmas fonológicos desse mesmo tipo de sentenças em uma das variedades centro-meridionais do PE); e (v) a ocorrência de eventos tonais adicionais H associados a sílabas pretônicas de palavras fonológicas longas do contorno entoacional (semelhante aos tons adicionais encontrados associados a palavras fonológicas também longas no PB). / In this study, we investigate the intonation of neutral declarative sentences of Portuguese of Guinea-Bissau (GBP), with regarding to the investigation of the relation between tonal events assignment and prosodic domains formation. In addition, we compare the results obtained for the analysis of GBP data with the intonational patterns of neutral sentences described on previous works for Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and European Portuguese (EP). For this research, a corpus of two different speech styles (read sentences and spontaneous speech sentences) was used. For the description and analysis of intonational of neutral declarative sentences in this corpus we followed the Autosegmental Metrical aproach within the intonational phonology framework (PIERREHUMBERT, 1980; BECKMAN; PIERREHUMBERT, 1986; LADD, 1996, 2008; among others), the Prosodic Phonology framework (SELKIRK, 1984, 1986, 2000; NESPOR; VOGEL 1986, 2007; among others) and previous studies conducted on those theoretical frameworks and applied to BP (CUNHA; 2000; FROTA; VIGÁRIO, 2000; TENANI 2002; FERNANDES, 2007a, 2007b; SERRA 2009; among others) and EP (GRØNNUM; VIANA, 1999; FROTA, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003; VIGÁRIO, 2003; FROTA; VIGÁRIO, 2003; CRUZ, 2013; among others). The results achieved in this work show that the intonation properties of GBP are similar to those found in the other varieties of Portuguese already studied. These properties are as follow: (i) frequent association of pitch accents with Phonological Words of intonation contour (tonal characteristic also found in BP); (ii) a pitch accent is obligatorily associated with the Phonological Word head of the last Phonological Phrase of a Intonation Phrase, followed by a boundary tone associated with the right edge of that Intonation Phrase (as in BP and EP); (iii) there is a matching in the nuclear contour of GPB neutral declarative sentences with the nuclear contour of BP and varieties of EP neutral declarative sentences; (iv) the possibility of phrasal accents to be associated with phonological phrases boundaries (the same possibility is found for one of the center-southern varieties of EP); and (v) the possibility of H tones to be associated with pretonic syllables of long Prosodic Words (as in BP).

O estudo chama a atenção para o fenômeno do analfabetismo na população jovem e adulta da Guiné-Bissau, buscando compreender por que a alfabetização de jovens e adultos ainda não figura entre as prioridades da política educacional desse país africano, identificando as possibilidades de transformação dessa realidade e os fatores que interferem no processo educacional. Tendo por base a prática pedagógica de Paulo Freire, que considera o desenvolvimento do indivíduo como resultado do processo histórico, o estudo enfatiza que aspectos relativos à diversidade cultural, marcadamente as variedades linguísticas e religiosas presentes na Guiné-Bissau, devem ser considerados. A diversidade cultural, as cosmologias próprias vinculadas a diferentes idiomas e religiosidades compõem uma “África Profunda”, conforme a obra do filósofo argentino Rodolfo Kusch. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico e documental sobre a Alfabetização de Jovens e Adultos na Guiné-Bissau, sendo localizadas algumas dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado na perspectiva do estudo da questão. A pesquisa está estruturada também em torno dos referenciais da pesquisa qualitativa em Educação, e, a partir dessa concepção, foi feita a interpretação dos dados obtidos por meio das entrevistas junto aos facilitadores, técnicos e à diretora de Alfabetização de Adultos do Ministério da Educação da Guiné-Bissau, bem como a estudantes jovens e adultos que frequentam turmas de alfabetização em nove comunidades visitadas durante o trabalho de campo, desenvolvidos de maio de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 O método de alfabetização ALPHA TV é desenvolvido nas comunidades visitadas, sendo utilizado pela maioria dos facilitadores. A observação participante contribuiu para a organização e construção de diários de campo, nos quais se descrevem os espaços e processos educativos que aí ocorrem. Foi realizado também um mapeamento das experiências públicas e privadas de alfabetização de jovens e adultos na Guiné-Bissau, descrevendo as condições sociais e políticas, e o sistema educacional vigente no país. O estudo conclui que o estado guineense precisa implementar um sistema educacional para a alfabetização de jovens e adultos, enquanto política pública destinada a todo o seu território. Para isso, precisa contar com a participação da sociedade e valorizar ou considerar a sua variedade linguística e religiosa, a fim de promover o desenvolvimento social do país. / The study draws attention to the phenomenon of illiteracy in the young and adult population of Guinea-Bissau, trying to understand why the literacy of young people and adults is not yet among the priorities of the educational policy of this African country, identifying the possibilities of transformation of this reality and factors that interfere with the educational process. Based on the pedagogical practice of Paulo Freire, who considers the development of the individual as a result of the historical process, the study emphasizes that aspects related to cultural diversity, markedly the linguistic and religious varieties present in Guinea-Bissau, should be considered. Cultural diversity, its own cosmologies linked to different languages and religiosities make up a "Deep Africa", according to the work of the Argentine philosopher Rodolfo Kusch. A bibliographical and documentary survey was carried out on the Literacy of Youths and Adults in Guinea-Bissau, where some master's dissertations and doctoral theses were located in view of the study of the issue The research is also structured around the qualitative research in Education, and from this conception, the data obtained through the interviews with the facilitators, technicians and the Director of Adult Literacy of the Ministry of Education of the Guinea- Bissau, as well as young students and adults attending literacy classes in nine communities visited during field work, from May 2017 to February 2018. The ALPHA TV literacy method is developed in the communities visited and is used most of the facilitators. Participant observation contributed to the organization and construction of field diaries, in which the educational spaces and processes that occur there are described. A mapping of public and private experiences of youth and adult literacy in Guinea-Bissau was also carried out, describing the social and political conditions and the educational system in force in the country. The study concludes that the Guinean state needs to implement an educational system for youth and adult literacy as a public policy aimed at its entire territory. To do this, it needs to count on the participation of society and value or consider its linguistic and religious variety, in order to promote the social development of the country.

O presente trabalho teve como objeto de estudo a analise da gestão de Stakeholders de programas e projetos públicos de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. E como objetivo principal foi analisar a forma como a gestão dos Stakeholders ocorre na prática durante o processo de implementação de políticas públicas por meio de Projetos segundo as percepções dos gerentes dos projetos e os seus membros da equipe. Como objetivos secundários, a pesquisa buscou identificar e caracterizar por ordem de importância/saliência dos Stakeholders, segundo a percepção dos Gestores e das suas respectivas equipes, avaliar quem eram os stakeholders mais salientes de cada projeto e entender quais eram as estratégias de gestões que eram tomadas para lidar com os interesses desses agentes, avaliar quais práticas de gerenciamento de projetos que eram mais presentes no dia-a-dia dos gerentes e por fim identificar quais eram os fatores que poderiam influenciar positiva ou negativamente a implementação de políticas públicas por meio de projetos. Após a revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas exploratórias iniciais, foi feita pesquisas de campo através de estudos de caso (cinco casos foram estudados) e de um levantamento com 116 respondentes para identificar quem eram os stakeholders e os salientes de cada um dos casos. Como principais \"achados\", pode-se citar a percepção de que para a implementação de projetos públicos, os stakeholders salientes são as instituições e Organizações por serem financiadores e responsáveis pela segurança política para a execução. O stakeholder beneficiário do projeto é visto pelos responsáveis do projeto como sendo secundário na fase de implementação. Os estudos de caso ainda evidenciaram de que as equipes dos projetos adotam algumas das práticas de gerenciamento de projetos do PMI respeitando as orientações dos patrocinadores (parceiros bi e multilateral do país). A situação política instável e corrupção foram apontados como sendo os principais obstáculos para a execução dos projetos públicos. Igualmente, os participantes da pesquisa elegeram a estabilidade política e governativa como sendo elementos imprescindíveis para uma boa execução de projetos públicos com vista a proporcionar melhorias das condições de vida das populações. Por fim, este estudo permitirá diversos desdobramentos e análises alternativas, por seu ineditismo e detalhamentos obtidos sobre os aspectos teóricos selecionados. / The present study had as object of study the analysis of the management of Stakeholders of public programs and projects of socioeconomic development. And the main objective was to analyze how the management of Stakeholders takes place in practice during the process of implementing public policies through Projects according to the perceptions of project managers and their team members. As secondary objectives, the research sought to identify and characterize in order of importance / salience of the Stakeholders, according to the perception of the Managers and their respective teams, to evaluate who were the most salient stakeholders of each project and to understand the management strategies that were to assess the project management practices that were most present in the day-to-day management of managers, and finally to identify what were the factors that could positively or negatively influence the implementation of public policies through projects. After the bibliographic review and initial exploratory interviews, field research was done through case studies (five cases were studied) and a survey of 116 respondents to identify who were the stakeholders and the salient of each case. The main \"findings\" are the perception that for the implementation of public projects, the salient stakeholders are the Institutions and Organizations because they are financiers and responsible for the political security for the execution. The beneficiary stakeholder of the project is seen by the project managers as being secondary in the implementation phase. The case studies have also shown that project teams adopt some of PMI\'s project management practices, following the guidelines of the sponsors (bi and multilateral partners in the country). The unstable political situation and corruption were identified as the main obstacles to the execution of public projects. Likewise, the research participants chose political and governmental stability as essential elements for a good execution of public projects with a view to improving the living conditions of the populations. Finally, this study will allow several unfolding and alternative analyzes, due to its novelty and details obtained on the theoretical aspects selected.