Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoRC_DISSERT.pdf: 1983615 bytes, checksum: 7f5b15ea84a6c8bb36201c679b18226f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The occurrence of transients in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals indicates an electrical phenomenon outside the heart. Thus, the identification of transients has been the most-used methodology in medical analysis since the invention of the electrocardiograph (device responsible for benchmarking of electrocardiogram signals). There are few papers related to this subject, which compels the creation of an architecture to do the pre-processing of this signal in order to identify transients. This paper proposes a method based on the signal energy of the Hilbert transform of electrocardiogram, being an alternative to methods based on morphology of the signal. This information will determine the creation of frames of the MP-HA protocol responsible for transmitting the ECG signals through an IEEE 802.3 network to a computing device. That, in turn, may perform a process to automatically sort the signal, or to present it to a doctor so that he can do the sorting manually / A ocorr?ncia de transientes em sinais de eletrocardiograma (ECG) ? um indicativo de um fen?meno el?trico externo ao cora??o, sendo a identifica??o de transientes a metodologia mais utilizada na an?lise m?dica desde que o eletrocardi?grafo (dispositivo respons?vel pelo aferimento dos sinais de eletrocardiograma) foi inventado. Existem poucos trabalhos relacionados a esse assunto, o que motiva a cria??o de uma arquitetura para fazer o pr?-processamento desse sinal em busca da identifica??o de transientes. O presente trabalho prop?e um m?todo baseado na energia do sinal da transformada Hilbert de eletrocardiograma, sendo uma alternativa aos m?todos baseados em morfologia do sinal. Essa informa??o determinar? a forma??o de Quadros do protocolo PM-AH respons?vel por transmitir os sinais de ECG atrav?s de uma rede de computadores do tipo IEEE 802.3 at? um dispositivo computacional. Que por sua vez poder? realizar um processamento para fazer a classifica??o autom?tica do sinal ou apresent?-lo para um m?dico realizar essa classifica??o de forma manual

O monitoramento de vibração de máquinas rotativas é de grande interesse da indústria, uma vez que se tem a possibilidade de detectar, com certa antecedência, problemas relacionados à condição de funcionamento do equipamento, possibilitando reparos, ajustes ou consertos e, assim, minimizando custos no caso de falhas graves ou paradas inesperadas. Neste trabalho é feita a adequação de uma bancada de testes para estudo de técnicas de detecção de falhas em rolamentos de esferas por análise de vibração. O objetivo é o de localizar falhas em rolamentos utilizando o monitoramento dos sinais das vibrações (aceleração) no mancal que suporta o rolamento de teste e o posterior processamento com o auxílio de alguma técnica de detecção. Neste trabalho a técnica do envelope foi escolhida. A bancada, assim desenvolvida, permite a retirada e colocação dos rolamentos em estudo de maneira simples e rápida, permitindo a execução de diversos testes com rapidez. A investigação da detecção de falhas em rolamentos é feita comparando-se rolamentos em condições normais com rolamentos que têm um defeito induzido. Inicialmente é apresentada a descrição das origens e formas de propagação das falhas em elementos de rolamentos e também as formas como estas falhas são induzidas em locais específicos de cada rolamento. Uma breve revisão sobre métodos de detecção de falhas no domínio do tempo e da frequência é feita. Ênfase é dada ao método do envelope que faz uso da transformada de Hilbert (Hilbert Transform) conjuntamente com a transformada Rápida de Fourier (Fast Fourier Transform). Em seguida, descreve-se como foram geradas as falhas e separados os grupos de teste, também é descrito como os ensaios foram executados com os danos induzidos em local pré-determinado no rolamento. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram identificar as origens das falhas induzidas tanto na pista externa quanto na interna dos rolamentos analisando os sinais de vibração do mancal onde está montado o rolamento em teste com o pós-processamento dos mesmos com a técnica investigada. Os testes simulam as condições extremas encontradas em sistemas rotativos de equipamentos industriais através da imposição de cargas verticais ao rolamento. Este estudo de detecção das falhas em rolamentos propiciou uma melhor compreensão e análise do processo de falha nestes componentes. / The vibration monitoring of rotating machines is of great interest to industries since it has the ability to detect, in advance, problems related to the operational condition of the equipment, enabling fixing, adjustments or repair, and thus, minimizing the cost in case of faults or unexpected downtime. In this work, the study of the adequacy of a test bench for detecting faults in ball bearings by vibration analysis techniques is developed. It aims at locating faults in ball bearings using vibration monitoring signals (acceleration) in the journal bearings that support this elements and further processing with the aid of some detection technique. In this work the envelope technique was chosen. The developed test bench thus allows the removal and placement of the bearings in a simple and fast way allowing running quickly several tests. The investigation of detecting faults in ball bearings is made by comparing the bearings under normal conditions with bearings which have an induced defect. First of all is presented a description of the origins and forms of propagation of faults in bearing elements and also the ways in which these failures are induced in specific locations of each bearing. A brief review of methods for detecting faults in the time and frequency domain is made. Emphasis is given to the Envelope Method which uses the Hilbert Transform with the Fast Fourier Transform. Then it is described how the tests were accomplished with the induced damage in predetermined sites in the bearing. The results obtained allowed to identify the origins of the induced bearing failures in both outer and inner races just by reading the vibration signals and post-processing them with the investigated technique. The tests take care to simulate conditions close to those found in actual rotatory systems of industrial equipment by imposing vertical loads to the bearing. This study in detecting flaws in balls bearings provided a better understanding of the analysis failure process in these components.

nÃo hà / A tarefa mais importante em processamento de sinais de eletrocardiograma (ECG) à a determinaÃÃo exata do complexo de QRS, em particular, a detecÃÃo dos picos de onda R atravÃs de sistemas e anÃlises computadorizadas. à essencial, especialmente, para uma medida correta da variabilidade do ritmo cardÃaco (HRV). Um grande obstÃculo a ser superado para uma detecÃÃo confiÃvel à a sensibilidade do eletrocardiograma a diversas fontes de distÃrbio, tais como, a interferÃncia à rede elÃtrica, os artefatos do movimento, flutuaÃÃo da linha base e o ruÃdo dos mÃsculos. Este trabalho utiliza as propriedades matemÃticas da transformaÃÃo de Hilbert sobre wavelets para desenvolver um novo algoritmo capaz de diferenciar as ondas R das demais (P, Q, S, T e U) e facilitar a detecÃÃo dos complexos QRS. Uma taxa de detecÃÃo do complexo QRS de 99,92% à alcanÃada para a base de dados de arritmias do MIT-BIH. A tolerÃncia a ruÃdo do mÃtodo proposto foi tambÃm testada usando os registros padrÃo da base de dados MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test. A taxa da detecÃÃo do detector ficou aproximadamente 99,35% mesmo para as relaÃÃes sinal-ruÃdo (SNR) tÃo baixo quanto 6dB. / The most important task in the ECG signal processing is the accurate determina-tion of QRS complex, in particular, accurate detection of the R wave peaks, is essential in computer-based ECG analysis especially for a correct measurement of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). A great hurdle to be overcome in reliable detection is the sensibility of the electrocar-diogram to several disturbance sources such as powering source interference, movement arti-facts, baseline wandering and muscle noise. This study uses the Hilbert Transform pairs of wavelet bases for QRS detection. From the properties of these mathematical tools it was pos-sible to develop an algorithm which is able to differentiate the R waves from the others (P, Q, S, T and U waves).The performance of the algorithm was verified using the records MIT-BIH arrhythmia and normal databases. A QRS detection rate of 99.92% was achieved against MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The noise tolerance of the proposed method was also tested using standard records from the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database. The detection rate of the detector remains about 99.35% even for signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) as low as 6dB.

O monitoramento de vibração de máquinas rotativas é de grande interesse da indústria, uma vez que se tem a possibilidade de detectar, com certa antecedência, problemas relacionados à condição de funcionamento do equipamento, possibilitando reparos, ajustes ou consertos e, assim, minimizando custos no caso de falhas graves ou paradas inesperadas. Neste trabalho é feita a adequação de uma bancada de testes para estudo de técnicas de detecção de falhas em rolamentos de esferas por análise de vibração. O objetivo é o de localizar falhas em rolamentos utilizando o monitoramento dos sinais das vibrações (aceleração) no mancal que suporta o rolamento de teste e o posterior processamento com o auxílio de alguma técnica de detecção. Neste trabalho a técnica do envelope foi escolhida. A bancada, assim desenvolvida, permite a retirada e colocação dos rolamentos em estudo de maneira simples e rápida, permitindo a execução de diversos testes com rapidez. A investigação da detecção de falhas em rolamentos é feita comparando-se rolamentos em condições normais com rolamentos que têm um defeito induzido. Inicialmente é apresentada a descrição das origens e formas de propagação das falhas em elementos de rolamentos e também as formas como estas falhas são induzidas em locais específicos de cada rolamento. Uma breve revisão sobre métodos de detecção de falhas no domínio do tempo e da frequência é feita. Ênfase é dada ao método do envelope que faz uso da transformada de Hilbert (Hilbert Transform) conjuntamente com a transformada Rápida de Fourier (Fast Fourier Transform). Em seguida, descreve-se como foram geradas as falhas e separados os grupos de teste, também é descrito como os ensaios foram executados com os danos induzidos em local pré-determinado no rolamento. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram identificar as origens das falhas induzidas tanto na pista externa quanto na interna dos rolamentos analisando os sinais de vibração do mancal onde está montado o rolamento em teste com o pós-processamento dos mesmos com a técnica investigada. Os testes simulam as condições extremas encontradas em sistemas rotativos de equipamentos industriais através da imposição de cargas verticais ao rolamento. Este estudo de detecção das falhas em rolamentos propiciou uma melhor compreensão e análise do processo de falha nestes componentes. / The vibration monitoring of rotating machines is of great interest to industries since it has the ability to detect, in advance, problems related to the operational condition of the equipment, enabling fixing, adjustments or repair, and thus, minimizing the cost in case of faults or unexpected downtime. In this work, the study of the adequacy of a test bench for detecting faults in ball bearings by vibration analysis techniques is developed. It aims at locating faults in ball bearings using vibration monitoring signals (acceleration) in the journal bearings that support this elements and further processing with the aid of some detection technique. In this work the envelope technique was chosen. The developed test bench thus allows the removal and placement of the bearings in a simple and fast way allowing running quickly several tests. The investigation of detecting faults in ball bearings is made by comparing the bearings under normal conditions with bearings which have an induced defect. First of all is presented a description of the origins and forms of propagation of faults in bearing elements and also the ways in which these failures are induced in specific locations of each bearing. A brief review of methods for detecting faults in the time and frequency domain is made. Emphasis is given to the Envelope Method which uses the Hilbert Transform with the Fast Fourier Transform. Then it is described how the tests were accomplished with the induced damage in predetermined sites in the bearing. The results obtained allowed to identify the origins of the induced bearing failures in both outer and inner races just by reading the vibration signals and post-processing them with the investigated technique. The tests take care to simulate conditions close to those found in actual rotatory systems of industrial equipment by imposing vertical loads to the bearing. This study in detecting flaws in balls bearings provided a better understanding of the analysis failure process in these components.

In this paper, a new concept for ultrasonic indoor positioning based on instantaneous frequency of ultrasonic signals is presented. Nonlinear phase characteristics of ultrasonic transducers introduce a frequency deviation in ultrasonic signals. By sweeping at very fast rates, a large spike in the deviation is introduced. The artefacts observable in instantaneous frequency estimations are highly localized and present an opportunity for accurate frequency detection. In order to be useful, the artefacts need to take place within the pulse and have sufficient magnitude for accurate processing. The system consists of a transducer transmitter and receiver pair, which have a center frequency of 40kHz and a bandwidth of 460Hz. In order to incorporate more transmitters, a time-division multiple access (TDMA) scheme is applied to ensure orthogonality of signals. The concept includes four ultrasonic transmitters and a single receiver, which can uniquely identify each transmitter by a distinct signal sweep. Linear chirp signals are used to form narrow pulses and ensure no interference in the TDMA scheme. The received signal is amplified and passed through a phase-locked loop (PLL) to detect the chirp signals. Accurate instantaneous frequency detection can be done on the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) of the PLL, which has a narrower bandwidth than the overall signal sweep. The instantaneous frequency estimation methods are largely explored in this work and consider two methods: the Hilbert transform and a zero-crossings method. This work highlights some of the advantages and disadvantages of both methods. Time of flight (ToF) in this system can ultimately be obtained by considering the instantaneous frequency estimations and the time for one particular frequency to be transmitted and received.

No description available.

In the present dissertation, we characterize the range of the attenuated Radon transform of zero, one, and two tensor fields, supported in strictly convex set. The approach is based on a Hilbert transform associated with A-analytic functions of A. Bukhgeim. We first present new necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be in the range of the attenuated Radon transform of a sufficiently smooth function supported in the convex set. The approach is based on an explicit Hilbert transform associated with traces of the boundary of A-analytic functions in the sense of A. Bukhgeim. We then uses the range characterization of the Radon transform of functions to characterize the range of the attenuated Radon transform of vector fields as they appear in the medical diagnostic techniques of Doppler tomography. As an application we determine necessary and sufficient conditions for the Doppler and X-ray data to be mistaken for each other. We also characterize the range of real symmetric second order tensor field using the range characterization of the Radon transform of zero tensor field.

No description available.

<p>Multi-linear operators play an important role in analysis due to their multiple connections with and applications to other mathematical areas such as ergodic theory, elliptic regularity, and other problems in partial differential equations.</p> <p>Within the area of multi-linear operators, powerful methods were developed originating from the problem of the almost everywhere convergence of Fourier series. Indeed, in their work, Carleson and Fefferman lay the foundation of time-frequency analysis. By further refining their methods, M. Lacey and C. Thiele proved the boundedness of the classical bilinear Hilbert transform for a suitable range of Hölder indices.</p> <p>In this thesis, we consider the general boundedness properties of the bilinear Hilbert transform and the sub-bilinear maximal function along a suitable family of curves.</p> <p>In the first part of our work, we present a short proof of the maximal boundedness range for the sub-bilinear maximal function along non-flat curves, giving a unified treatment of both the singular and the maximal operators.</p> <p>In the second part, we discuss the boundedness of these operators along hybrid curves. This work aims to present a unified perspective that treats the case obtained by joining the zero-curvature features of the operators along flat curves with the non-zero curvature features along non-flat curves.</p>

Microwave signal processing in the optical domain is investigated in this thesis. Two signal processors including an all-optical fractional Hilbert transformer and an all-optical microwave differentiator are investigated and experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, the photonic-assisted fractional Hilbert transformer with tunable fractional order is implemented based on a temporal pulse shaping system incorporating a phase modulator. By applying a step function to the phase modulator to introduce a phase jump, a real-time fractional Hilbert transformer with a tunable fractional order is achieved. The microwave bandpass differentiator is implemented based on a finite impulse response (FIR) photonic microwave delay-line filter with nonuniformly-spaced taps. A microwave bandpass differentiator based on a six-tap nonuniformly-spaced photonic microwave delay-line filter with all- positive coefficients is designed, simulated, and experimentally demonstrated. The reconfigurability of the microwave bandpass differentiator is experimentally investigated. The employment of the differentiator to perform differentiation of a bandpass microwave signal is also experimentally demonstrated.