Ao longo do século XIX ocorreu um expressivo crescimento econômico e demográfico no vale do Paraíba. A expansão da cafeicultura teve um papel fundamental neste fato, pois abriu novas oportunidades aos moradores da região e aos oriundos de fora. Neste contexto, procuramos entender essas transformações e as formas de acumulação dos indivíduos que viveram nesta economia. Selecionamos para estudo a localidade de Lorena (SP) nessa época. Inicialmente a expansão da cana-de-açúcar marcou a economia da região durante o final do século XVIII e início do XIX. Posteriormente, o plantio da rubiácea figurou como a principal atividade dos habitantes. As fontes documentais utilizadas consistiram basicamente nas listas nominativas de habitantes e dos inventários. Na primeira parte da tese apresentamos um panorama geral da localidade como um todo em seus aspectos demográficos e econômicos de 1778 a 1829, destacando três contingentes: os escravistas, seus escravos e os chefes de domicílio não-proprietários de cativos. Na outra parte centramos a análise numa amostra dos moradores em 1829, para os quais localizamos os seus inventários. A partir destes 187 indivíduos selecionados realizamos a discussão do acúmulo de escravos entre os dois momentos (1829 e o período dos inventários 1830/79). Alguns condicionantes mostraram-se importantes, como, por exemplo, a atividade desenvolvida, a propriedade de terras e as idades dessas pessoas. A mobilidade entre as diferentes faixas de tamanho de plantéis revelou-se maior para os pequenos escravistas. Além da propriedade escrava, pudemos estudar o conjunto da riqueza inventariada das pessoas da amostra: os cafeicultores, lojistas de fazenda seca, usurários e produtores de derivados de cana mantinham a quase totalidade da riqueza, inclusive dos escravos. O procedimento de acompanhar os indivíduos no tempo permitiu o exame das mudanças de suas ocupações. A continuidade da cafeicultura garantiu um patrimônio médio superior ao dos que abandonaram esta atividade. Entretanto, um número significativo de pessoas da amostra passou a atuar na faina canavieira, em alguns casos abandonando até a produção de café. Os fornecedores locais de crédito tiveram um papel atuante na expansão da cafeicultura e alcançaram as maiores fortunas. Não encontramos evidências de relações de dependência financeira entre a região e a praça do Rio de Janeiro. Assim, a economia cafeeira possibilitou a continuidade de atividades pretéritas moldadas à nova realidade e à abertura de novas opções de inversão especialmente para os detentores de grandes recursos. Estes últimos mantiveram-se no topo da hierarquia econômica da região ao longo do tempo. / The economic and demographic growth in vale do Paraíba was substantial in the course of the nineteenth century. The expansion of coffee planting played a fundamental role in that growth, opening new opportunities to the inhabitants and to people coming from other regions. Within this context we tried to understand the forms of accumulation of the individuals in that economy. We selected for study the locality of Lorena (São Paulo) in that period. The expansion of sugar cane dominated the region\'s economy by the end of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth. Coffee planting became the main occupation of the inhabitants afterwards. The documental sources we used were basically manuscript censures and inventories. The first part of the thesis is an outlook on the locality as a whole in its demographic and economic aspects from 1778 to 1829, focusing on three groups: slaveowners, their slaves, and households heads that were not slaveowners. The other part of the thesis centers its analysis on a sample of the inhabitants in 1829 whose inventories we located. The 187 individuals selected were used as a basis for discussion on the accumulation, ownership of land, and age of the individuals. The owners of small slaveholdings showed higher mobility along different categories of slaveholding sizes. In addition to slave ownership, we can study the whole wealth of the individuals whose inventories figured in the sample. Almost all the wealth, including the slaves, was held by coffee planters, dry goods merchants, usurers, and producers of sugar cane by-products. The procedure of following each individual along the time made it possible to examine their occupation changes. Those who remained in coffee planting guaranteed for themselves an average wealth higher than those who quit this activity. However, a significant number of the individuals in the sample turned to activities related to sugar cane, some of them even quitting coffee planting. Local credit suppliers played an expressive role in the expansion of coffee planting and obtained the largest fortunes. Evidence of financial dependence relations between the region and the financial market of Rio de Janeiro was not found. Thus, the coffee economy made it possible the continuity of past activities, shaped by the new reality and by new investment options opened mainly to large resource owners. The latter remained at the top of the region\'s economic hierarchy all along the time.

Orientador: Ana Archangelo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T17:18:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Firer_AideKrakauer_M.pdf: 1562041 bytes, checksum: 6a8e06c3b6a86e0ff9be8502bcd38aab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objeto de estudo deste trabalho são as relações mútuas entre professores e alunos considerados "difíceis" ou "desajustados", considerando-se, sobretudo, a importância que a escuta e o acolhimento podem ter em tais relações e na escola. O estudo foi realizado em uma escola pública de ensino fundamental na periferia de Campinas, a partir de um projeto de tutoria escolar desenvolvido pela pesquisadora. No decorrer da intervenção-investigação, professores assumem a prática de tutoria, seguindo um modelo aberto e fluido, proporcionando mudanças significativas na postura e nas atitudes dos sujeitos - alunos e professores. A dinâmica deste trabalho de tutoria é analisada com o aporte de alguns conceitos oriundos da Psicanálise, principalmente os de holding e placement, de Winnicott. Ao final, são discutidos alguns princípios que podem nortear um modelo simples e aberto para o trabalho de tutoria na escola. / Abstract: This work studies the mutual relations between teachers and students that are considered to be "difficult" or "misfit", considering, especially, the importance that concepts of (analytical) listening and holding can have on such relationships in a school setting. The study was conducted in an elementary public school on the periphery of Campinas, focusing on the relations established through a school mentoring project developed by the researcher. During this investigative- intervention, teachers enrolled in the tutoring practice, along the guidelines of an open-ended and fluid model, providing significant changes in posture and attitudes of individuals - students and teachers. The dynamics of this tutoring process is analyzed with the input of some psychoanalytical concepts, particularly the concepts of holding and placement developed by Winnicott. At the end, we discuss some principles that can guide a simple and open model for mentoring work at school. / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestra em Educação

Statistical distributions are used to model behaviour of real VoIP traffic. We investigate call holding and inter-arrival times as well as speech patterns. The consequences of using an inappropriate model for network dimensioning are briefly discussed. Visual examination is used to compare well known distributions with empirical data. Our results support the general opinion that the Exponential distribution is not appropriate for modelling call holding time. We find that the distribution of talkspurt periods is well modelled by the Lognormal distribution and the silence periods by the generalized Pareto distribution. It is also observed that the call inter-arrival times tend to follow a heavy tailed distribution.

Child and youth care workers in residential care provide support and intervention to young people who are experiencing difficulties in their lives. Caring for these young people can be complex and demanding and many child and youth care practitioners struggle to meet the challenges associated with their roles. Practice problems include volatile and punitive environments, inability of practitioners to safely manage young people’s threatening and aggressive behaviours, and staff turnover and burnout. These problems are often attributed to job stress, personal characteristics of practitioners, and lack of education, training, and professional development. To reconceptualise the aforementioned practice problems, Robert Kegan’s (1982) constructive-developmental theory was used as a theoretical framework to explore the experiences of child and youth care workers in residential care. The research was guided by 2 main questions: 1. How do different meaning-making systems influence how practitioners cope with and experience the demands of the job? 2. What role does the organizational environment play, if any, in mediating or exacerbating the demands of the job for practitioners with different meaning-making systems? An exploratory study was conducted using a mixed methods design. The study was conducted in two stages. First, 99 participants completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), Work Environment Scale (WES), and Leadership Development Profile (LDP). Linear regression was conducted to explore the relationships between the ProQOL, LDP, and WES and most results were not significant. From the initial pool, 18 participants were selected for in-depth, qualitative interviews to assess their constructive-developmental orders – the ways in which they make meaning - and explore their experiences in residential care in the areas of job satisfaction and success, challenge, and coping with the demands of the job. The ways in which participants at different constructive-developmental orders experience and cope with the challenges of their jobs are described and themes are identified. There was internal coherence among participants of the same epistemological order and across organizations. This dissertation examines implications of the findings for child and youth care practice, education, training, supervision, research, and organizational management in residential care. / Graduate

Investments with exit flexibility require decisions regarding both the investment and holding period. Because selling an investment often leads to taxable capital gains, which crucially depend on the duration of an investment, we investigate the impact of capital gains taxation on exit timing under different tax systems. We observed that capital gains taxation delays exit decisions but loses its decision relevance for very long holdings. Often the optimal exit time, which indicates the maximal present value of future cashflows, cannot be determined analytically. However, we identify the breakeven exit time that guarantees present values exceeding those of an immediate sale. While, after-taxes, an immediate sale is often optimal, long holding periods might also be attractive for investors depending on the degree of income and corporate tax integration. A classic corporate tax system often indicates holdings over more than 100 periods. By contrast, a shareholder relief system indicates the earliest breakeven exit time and thus the highest level of exit timing flexibility. Surprisingly, high retention rates are likely to accelerate sales under a classic corporate system. Additionally, the worst exit time, which should be avoided by investors, differs tremendously across tax systems. For an integrated tax system with full imputation, the worst time is reached earlier than under partial or non-integrated systems. These results could help to predict investors' behavior regarding changes in capital gains taxation and thus are of interest for both investors and tax policymakers. Furthermore, the results emphasize the need to control for the underlying tax system in cross-country empirical studies. (authors' abstract) / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

This is a study of a local society and its interaction with central government observed through routine administrative systems. Although Northumberland has been the focus of detailed investigation during the late middle ages, a gap in scholarship remains for much of the first half of the fifteenth century. As England’s most northerly county, work on the relationship between provincial society, peripheries of the realm and the crown is critical to this study. This research tests assumptions that Northumberland was feudal, lawless, distant and difficult for the crown to administer. The research consists of two parts: the first is an evaluation of social structure; the second explores the administrative machine. It opens with a survey of feudal tenure. Chapter two examines the wealth of resident landholders. Chapter three outlines the genealogies of landed society and their relationship to one another as a ‘county community’. Chapter four expands on family connections to incorporate the bond of spiritual kinship. Chapter five charts the scope of social networks disclosed though the management of property, personal affairs and dispute. Chapter six considers the inquisitions post mortem (IPM) process and the impact of distance. Chapter seven discusses jurors and their place in county society. Original contributions to knowledge are made in a number of areas. The theme of spiritual kinship has not been developed in any county study of this period. Additional information concerning the county return for the 1435 subsidy on land is provided, which has previously been overlooked. The location of a copy of the escheator’s oath created in response to a statute of 1429, which has not been captured in recent studies, resolves the current ambiguity concerning the statutory requirement of an indented inquisition return.

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: To evaluate the in vitro throat deposition and respirable mass of the QVAR® pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) alone or coupled to an accessory device, such as the AeroChamber Valved Holding ChamberTM or various nonconventional accessory devices. Methods: The performance of the AeroChamber and nonconventional accessory devices, including a toilet paper roll, paper towel roll, rolled paper, plastic bottle spacer, plastic bottle reverse-flow holding chamber, and nebulizer reservoir tubing, were compared to no accessory device. Throat deposition and respirable mass were evaluated using a United States Pharmacopeia (USP) inlet ("throat") coupled to instrumentation for particle size analysis. Each configuration was tested with three actuations and repeated in quadruplicate. The amount of drug deposition was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The data were analyzed using multiple independent t-tests assuming unequal variances. An a priori α-threshold of 0.05 was used with a Bonferroni corrected α of 0.007. Main Results: Compared to the pMDI alone, all of the accessory devices had significantly lower throat deposition (p < 0.001) and significantly higher respirable fraction (p < 0.001). Differences in respirable mass were not significant for any accessory device (p ≥ 0.049), except the paper towel roll and the nebulizer reservoir tubing (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Under these testing circumstances, nonconventional accessory devices, such as the toilet paper roll, rolled paper, plastic bottle spacer, and plastic bottle reverse-flow holding chamber, effectively reduce throat deposition and maintain respirable mass compared to a QVAR pMDI alone. Therefore, they may be suitable alternatives to commercial spacers.

Background: Companies operate in a dynamic and challenging business environment with a constant battle to become and stay competitive and achieve sustainable growth. The business environment has transformed rapidly in the past decade due to major globalization and internationalization processes, which have created a demand for mapping and understanding business value and core competences. Parting from the traditional, the focus within companies and research is shifting from tangible assets to human capital, such as knowledge, as the primary competitive resource. Knowledge is a concept that is both complex and volatile. Knowledge emerges and develops through processes of each individual and also from individuals merging together into groups – making it hard to manage. Sadly, without proper management of such resources and processes, it is competitive advantage cannot be exerted. Nowadays, most companies can be identified as knowledge intensive firms, where competitive advantage is related to the ability to create and apply new knowledge through mergers and acquisitions. For about 3 decades, researchers, governments and companies have been trying to develop methods to evaluate and measure intangible assets, but there is a lack of research on how it is done in reality.                                                 Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate Swedish holding companies’ approach to working with intangible assets, primarily knowledge; investigating the way it is leveraged and used in the holding structure to create knowledge as a competitive resource across the entire corporation.   Method: A qualitative research is used with a sample of 10 Swedish holding companies varying in size, structure and sector in order to test a proposed integrative model formulated on theory. Purposive sampling is used for participant selection based on personal networks.   Conclusion: Firstly, we found that the majority of the Swedish holding companies do not have a method for evaluating intangible assets in general. In the event of mergers and acquisitions, on the other hand, human capital is emphasized as a main factor for decision making. From the managerial point of view, there is an elevating need for developing a systematic approach to assess human capital when acquiring new subsidiaries, primarily in order to understand the value and context of knowledge. Secondly, Swedish holding companies have internal structures and work-approaches to identify key persons within the newly acquired subsidiaries and transfer their knowledge to the mother company. Furthermore, they try to maintain and create knowledge by investing on education and leadership, but in general, knowledge management is done subconsciously. Therefore, the general finding of this research is that the concept of knowledge management is in the beginning of its lifetime and there is a clear need to put more managerial emphasis on restructuring processes.

This study aims to investigate the informational efficiency of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange with respect to monetary policy. Multivariate co-integration, Granger causality, vector error correction model, impulse response function analysis and variance decomposition analysis are employed to determine the semi-strong form efficiency in South African equity market. Monthly data of Johannesburg Stock Exchange index, money supply (M1 & M2), short term interest rate, inflation, rand/dollar exchange rate, London Stock Exchange index (FSTE100) and GDP from 2000-2009 are the variables of interest.Weak form efficiency is examined using unit root tests. The results of this study show evidence of weak form efficiency of the JSE using the Augmented-Dickey Fuller and Philip-Perron unit root tests. The results reject the hypothesis that the JSE is semi-strong and have important implications for government policy, regulatory authorities and participants in the South African stock market.

The main objective of my thesis is to evaluate a suitability of the project of the centralisation of management of agriculture commodities transportation in AGF Logistics. The evaluation is based on the analysis of operational and economic data. The results of the application of theoretical models confirmed my hypothesis that the project of a centralisation is a suitable solution for performance optimisation. It is possible to compare the actual state of the project with expected goals based on acquired data and find out the opportunities and risks connected with the project.